3A21铝合金半固态坯料制备工艺研究

以3A21铝合金为研究对象,将等径角挤压工艺与等温处理工艺相结合,从实验角度研究其中的工艺参数对半固态组织尺寸形貌的影响。采用Bc路径进行ECAP3道次处理,然后在660℃下保温20,25,30min,得到27个试样的半固态组织。结果表明,随着挤压道次的增加,晶粒尺寸减小,变形更加均匀,并且累积变形能的增多,也为后续半固态等温处理提供了更好的应变诱导条件;保温时间越长,半固态组织演化越完全,晶粒球化越完整,但晶粒尺寸会随着保温时间的延长而长大。最后得出最佳工艺参数匹配:室温下沿Bc路径等径角挤压3道次,660℃下保温25min;最终半固态坯料显微组织的平均等积圆直径d=83.7μm,平均形状系数Fc=0.84。     

镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯的微观组织演变

采用常规铸造法和等径道角挤压分别制备了镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯;用金相显微镜研究了2种半固态坯料在等温热处理过程中的微观组织演变.结果表明:与传统铸造方法制备的半固态坯相比,采用等径道角挤压制备的半固态坯的晶粒细小、圆整,适合于半固态成形.在等温热处理过程中,2种坯料晶粒粗化的机制是合并长大和Ostwald长大.铸...     

细晶GCr15合金材料ECAE过程的数值模拟

等径角挤压(ECAE)可以在不改变材料横截面的条件下使其反复产生大的塑性变形,从而使材料的晶粒得到细化,是制备块状超细晶粒材料的有效方法.通过对GCr15钢ECAE变形过程进行数值模拟,获得了挤压过程中不同的外接圆弧角Ψ和不同摩擦系数μ对挤压载荷和等效应变的影响规律.结果表明,挤压载荷随着外接圆弧角Ψ的增加而减小,随着摩擦系数μ的增加而增大;而变形均匀性则随着Ψ和μ的增加而减小.     

大塑性变形的AM60镁合金半固态等温处理研究

为了制备晶粒细小且球化程度高的的AM60镁合金半固态坯料,对铸态和等径道角挤压态的AM60镁合金半固态等温处理过程进行了研究.借助金相显微镜对AM60镁合金铸坯和等径道角挤压后的铸坯在半固态等温处理中的微观组织演变进行了观察.研究结果表明:对于AM60镁合金,直接等温处理获得的半固坯晶粒很粗大,其平均晶粒尺寸都在100μm以上,晶粒球化效果不理想,很难获得合格的半固态坯;新SIMA法是一种非常理想制备AM60镁合金半固态坯的方法,利用该方法制备的AM60半固态坯的微观组织晶粒十分细小,平均晶粒尺寸在8～22μm,晶粒球化程度高;随着保温时间的延长,新SIMA法制备的AM60半固态坯的微观组织出现长大现象;随着等温处理温度的升高,固相晶粒的平均尺寸先增加后减小,晶粒球化程度越来越高.     

等径道角挤压制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金

为了制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金坯料,采用金相显微镜、材料拉伸实验机等手段对Mg-6Al合金铸坯进行等径道角挤压实验研究.并利用热处理工艺对挤压后材料进行处理,研究热处理工艺参数对材料力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,Mg-6Al合金的铸坯的抗拉强度为196.4MPa,延伸率为12.6%.经过等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的晶粒被大大细化,其晶粒尺寸由铸坯的140μm左右细化到8μm左右.其力学性能有很大提高,抗拉强度由196.4MPa提高到308.2MPa;延伸率由12.6%提高到30.6%.等径道角挤压工艺是一种非常好的制备高力学性能、细晶Mg-6Al合金的工艺方法.固溶和人工时效热处理工艺对等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的强度有较大影响,对延伸率影响较小.     

等径角挤压Cu-10%Cr合金过程塑性

等径角挤压(EACP)能够制备具有超细晶粒的致密材料,而且其材料具有优良的机械性能.所以,等径角挤压是目前材料研究的热点之一.在本文中,建立了Eshelby等效夹杂方法的模型,并采用有限元方法对Cu-10%Cr合金的等径角挤压过程进行了模拟.研究了等径角为90°和120°时的两种模型,并对两种模型中材料的等效应变分布,瞬时应变和变形形状变化,以及截面硬度分布进行了分析.研究结果表明,等径角为120°的模型中材料的应变分布比等径角为90°的模型更加均匀;此外,两种模型中材料的硬度分布与应变分布具有较强的联系,等径角为90°的模型中,材料具有较高的硬度值和更加剧烈的硬度变化.两模型硬度最大值差别达到了8.5%.     

等径角挤压Cu-10%Cr合金过程塑性EI

等径角挤压(EACP)能够制备具有超细晶粒的致密材料,而且其材料具有优良的机械性能.所以,等径角挤压是目前材料研究的热点之一.在本文中,建立了Eshelby等效夹杂方法的模型,并采用有限元方法对Cu-10%Cr合金的等径角挤压过程进行了模拟.研究了等径角为90°和120°时的两种模型,并对两种模型中材料的等效应变分布,瞬时应变和变形形状变化,以及截面硬度分布进行了分析.研究结果表明,等径角为120°的模型中材料的应变分布比等径角为90°的模型更加均匀;此外,两种模型中材料的硬度分布与应变分布具有较强的联系,等径角为90°的模型中,材料具有较高的硬度值和更加剧烈的硬度变化.两模型硬度最大值差别达到了8.5%.     

连续挤压制备铝包镁复合棒材的组织与力学性能

在不同的加热温度下,采用不同尺寸的坯料并利用连续挤压工艺进行6063铝合金包AZ31镁合金复合材料的制备,获得尺寸为?5 mm的复合棒材。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、金相显微镜以及万能拉伸试验机等分析手段对制备的复合棒材进行微观组织分析和力学性能测试。结果表明：连续挤压工艺可显著细化复合棒材镁芯的晶粒。坯料在室温挤压时,镁芯的平均晶粒尺寸为15.4μm,复合棒材的抗拉强度为141.4 MPa,伸长率为6.6%。加热温度升高至450℃时,镁芯晶粒开始长大,复合棒材的抗拉强度略有下降,伸长率提高到10%。随着镁芯直径增大,组织均匀性和晶粒细化效果提高,平均晶粒尺寸为12.8μm。在连续挤压过程中,铝镁之间发生相互扩散,产生硬度较高的铝镁结合层,结合层最大厚度为4.8μm。利用Deform有限元软件模拟连续挤压过程中的材料流动,得到了Al和Mg的温度与应变分布,有助于分析连续挤压过程中复合棒材的组织演变。     

连续挤压制备铝包镁复合棒材的组织与力学性能EI北大核心

在不同的加热温度下,采用不同尺寸的坯料并利用连续挤压工艺进行6063铝合金包AZ31镁合金复合材料的制备,获得尺寸为∅5 mm的复合棒材。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、金相显微镜以及万能拉伸试验机等分析手段对制备的复合棒材进行微观组织分析和力学性能测试。结果表明:连续挤压工艺可显著细化复合棒材镁芯的晶粒。坯料在室温挤压时,镁芯的平均晶粒尺寸为15.4μm,复合棒材的抗拉强度为141.4 MPa,伸长率为6.6%。加热温度升高至450℃时,镁芯晶粒开始长大,复合棒材的抗拉强度略有下降,伸长率提高到10%。随着镁芯直径增大,组织均匀性和晶粒细化效果提高,平均晶粒尺寸为12.8μm。在连续挤压过程中,铝镁之间发生相互扩散,产生硬度较高的铝镁结合层,结合层最大厚度为4.8μm。利用Deform有限元软件模拟连续挤压过程中的材料流动,得到了Al和Mg的温度与应变分布,有助于分析连续挤压过程中复合棒材的组织演变。     

工艺参数对AZ31镁合金往复挤压过程的影响

运用刚黏塑性有限元法对不同工艺参数下的AZ31镁合金往复挤压过程进行了热力耦合数值模拟,研究了不同初始坯料温度、挤压速率和摩擦因数对往复挤压过程中等效应变、等效应力及温度场的影响。结果表明:在往复挤压过程中,挤压速率对等效应变峰值影响不大,随着挤压速率的增大,工件内温度峰值直线上升,温度分布不均匀程度增大,应力峰值先增加后减小;随着初始坯料温度升高,等效应力峰值呈直线趋势减小;摩擦因数对温度峰值的影响很小,随着摩擦因数的增大,等效应变峰值先增大然后趋于平稳,等效应力峰值增大,其增大幅度减小。     

Application of equal channel angular extrusion to semi-solid processing of magnesium alloy

A new method called new strain induced and melt activated (new SIMA) is introduced firstly through using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) as strain induced step in SIMA and completing melt activated step by semi-solid isothermal treatment, by which semi-solid billet with fine spheroidal grains with average grain size of 5 μm can be prepared. Comparing with common SIMA, semi-solid processed satellite angle frame components using semi-solid billet prepared by new SIMA have higher room temperature and 393 K high temperature mechanical properties.     

Effect of integrated extrusion–equal channel angular pressing temperature on microstructural characteristics of low carbon steel

Abstract

In the present research, a combined forward extrusion–equal channel angular pressing was developed and executed for the deformation of a plain carbon steel. In this method, two different deformation steps, including forward extrusion and equal channel angular pressing, take place successively in a single die. The deformation process was performed at different deformation start temperatures (800, 930 and 1100°C). Three-dimensional finite element simulation was used to predict the strain and temperature variations within the samples during deformation. With microstructural observations and the results of finite element simulation, the main grain refinement mechanisms were studied at different deformation temperatures. The results show that the forward extrusion–equal channel angular pressing is effective in refining the ferrite grains from an initial size of 32 μm to a final size of ～0·9 μm. The main mechanisms of grain refinement were considered to be strain assisted transformation, dynamic strain induced transformation and continuous dynamic recrystallisation, depending on the deformation temperature.     

变形的AZ91D镁合金半固态等温压缩的力学行为

为了了解等径道角挤压(ECAE)的AZ91D镁合金在半固态压缩变形中的力学特征,利用半固态温压缩实验、Gleeble1500实验机和金相显微镜对其在半固态压缩变形中的力学行为进行了研究.结果表明:ECAE的AZ91D镁合金在半固态等温压缩中变形由固相晶粒本身的塑性变形、液相包围着固相晶粒的滑动和转动构成;该材料的真应力-真应变曲线由应力激增阶段、应力下降阶段、稳态阶段和应力增加阶段组成;随保温时间的增加或变形温度的升高,获得相同应变量的真应力明显下降,稳态应力和峰值应力也明显下降;随应变速率的增加,稳态应力增加.     

Microstructural evolution during formation of ultrafine grain structures by severe deformation

Abstract

High resolution electron backscattered diffraction analysis has been used to compare the evolution of the deformed state during severe deformation of two model materials: an Al–0.13 wt-%Mg alloy and an interstitial free steel. The alloys were deformed by equal channel angular extrusion up to a total effective strain of 10, at 20 and 500°C, respectively. At strains of <2, new high angle boundaries were formed from primary deformation bands. At strains of 2–5 (corresponding to high conventional strains) the new high angle grain boundaries, associated with the deformation bands, rotated towards the billet axis creating a lamella structure. Narrow bands of fine grains were also formed in unstable crystal orientations. With increasing strain the separation of the lamella high angle boundaries reduced until at very high strains their spacing was equal to the subgrain width and the long ribbon grains broke up into shorter segments. After an effective strain of 10 the microstructures for both materials consisted of submicron grains with an aspect ratio of ～3. In general it was observed that the interstitial free steel refined more rapidly with strain than the aluminium alloy.     

镁合金板材等通道弯曲变形模拟与实验

目的通过设计一种等通道弯曲变形工艺,实现镁合金板材沿厚度方向较均匀的剪切应变。方法利用ABAQUS数值模拟并结合应变非均匀性评估方法,系统研究不同厚度镁合金板材在相同变形参数下剪切应变分布特征,比较实验结果说明模型准确性。结果等通道弯曲变形可以在不同厚度板材中实现较为均匀的剪切应变,且随着板材厚度的增加而提高。关于成形力的模拟和实验结果吻合良好,表明数值模拟方法能够较好实现ECAB变形过程的预测。结论由于该工艺能够引入均匀剪切应变,有望在镁合金板材组织和织构优化方面取得研究与应用价值。     

镁合金双通道转角挤压有限元分析

基于有限元分析软件建立了双通道转角挤压模型,对AZ91镁合金挤压变形过程进行了模拟,并对挤压变形过程、等效应变、挤压力等模拟结果进行了分析。模拟结果表明:双通道转角挤压所需要的挤压力要大于传统的等通道转角挤压,通道夹角越大,挤压所需要的挤压力越小;双通道转角挤压获得的总的应变更大。     

强变形制备超细晶金属材料的方法

强变形是细化晶粒的有效方法,甚至可以制备纳米材料,最近十几年来大量的强变形方法涌现出来,研究也越来越多.介绍了等通道角挤压、高压扭转、连续限制带材角轧挤、循环挤压、限制斜槽压缩、反复弯曲校平、累积叠轧焊等方法,回顾了各种方法可以得到的最大应变量、细化晶粒效果及应变量计算公式.阐述了强变形及剪切变形细化晶粒的机制.     

Microstructure,mechanical and degradation properties of equal channel angular pressed pure magnesium for biomedical application

Abstract

Magnesium is a biocompatible and biodegradable metal, which has attracted much interest in biomedical engineering. Pure magnesium shows the low strength and plasticity at ambient temperature. Microstructure, mechanical properties and degradation properties of the equal channel angular pressed pure magnesium have been investigated for biomedical application in detail by optical microscopes, mechanical properties testing and corrosion testing. The results have revealed that the processing temperature and routes are important factors that affect the properties of pure Mg by equal channel angular pressing. The two-step equal channel angular pressing processing (one pass at 360°C and three passes at 200°C) has been successfully applied to control the microstructure, mechanical and degradation properties of the pure Mg. Optical microscopy observation has indicated that the grain size of the as cast pure magnesium has been significantly decreased after equal channel angular extrusion, which has mainly contributed to the high tensile strength and good elongation. Equal channel angular pressed pure magnesium has provided moderate corrosion resistance, which has opened a new window for materials design, especially for biomedical.