基于FMEA和FTA的老年人汽车人机界面交互设计研究

目的 提升老年人汽车界面满意度,设计适合老年人使用的汽车界面.方法 提出基于失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)、故障树分析(FTA)的研究方法,首先成立会议小组进行SHERPA分析,绘制汽车界面层次任务分析图;随后运用FMEA找出汽车界面中的潜在失效模式,计算风险优先数值;接着选取风险优先数值高的失效模式,运用FTA寻找其发生的原因,对其以图形化表示;再对故障树进行定性定量分析,计算故障树的最小切集和失效事件发生概率,找到失效发生的核心因素;最后对失效事件进行改良并对改良后的结果进行验证.结论 以老年人汽车界面为例进行研究,该方法可以有效发现老年人操作汽车界面发生错误的原因,不仅可以帮助设计师找到改良的重点,还可以使老年人获得良好的驾驶体验.     

基于模糊集与灰色关联的改进FMEA方法

在对传统FMEA研究的基础上,提出了基于模糊集理论和灰色关联理论的改进FMEA.该方法首先结合模糊集理论建立评价失效模式的模糊语言术语集和对应的模糊数,并由FMEA小组对各种失效模式做出评价,然后利用灰色关联理论计算各种失效模式的关联度,通过排序来确定失效模式的风险顺序.     

FMEA在过程管理中的应用

2000版的ISO9000标准明确提出过程管理的方法。分析了质量管理体系的现状和实施过程管理的必要性。把失效模式及后果分析（FMEA）作为过程管理的一种工具提出来，并通过一个实例具体介绍了在过程管理中使用FMEA的步骤。     

集成鱼骨分析与进化法则的产品失效预测及问题求解

 基于传统FMEA在失效问题分析与解决方面的不足,提出了一种集成鱼骨图、FMEA和进化法则的创新设计方法．利用鱼骨图层次化分析辅助FMEA全面挖掘可能发生的失效模式,按照FMEA的规范表达分析失效模式并确定风险优先指数RPN,然后运用进化法则针对失效问题进行有效的解决,提高了解决问题的效率．最后通过铁路减振的示例验证了该集成方法的可行性．     

基于概率的钢框架结构地震失效模式识别方法

该文定义了构件的截面损伤指标,基于增量动力分析(IDA)方法,对地震输入下结构的失效模式进行分类,进一步统计得出各失效模式下构件端部截面损伤均值。提出基于概率的地震失效模式识别方法,建立各失效模式下结构失效概率关系表达式。基于OpenSees平台,对一个20层benchmark钢框架结构模型进行数值分析,结果表明,根据关键层的损伤状态可以合理地划分失效模式,引入构件重要性系数能较好地反映各构件截面损伤对结构失效模式的影响,基于概率的地震失效模式识别方法能有效的判别结构发生各失效模式的概率大小。     

模糊集理论与灰色关联理论的FMEA方法

在对传统FMEA研究的基础上,提出了基于模糊集理论和灰色关联理论的FMEA方法.结合模糊集理论建立评价失效模式的模糊语言术语集和模糊数,对各种失效模式进行评价,利用灰色关联理论计算各种失效模式的关联度,通过排序来确定失效模式的风险顺序.该方法克服了传统FMEA的缺陷,提高了FMEA应用的准确性和可靠性.     

一种综合赋权的改进FMEA风险评估方法

针对传统故障模式和影响分析(failure mode and effects analysis, FMEA)方法中的未考虑风险因子权重以及风险因子权重难确定这一问题,提出一种综合赋权的改进FMEA风险评估方法。该方法首先通过FMEA团队明确评估对象和FMEA范围,然后列出所有潜在故障模式,对故障模式进行打分,得到所有的专家打分评估表,再通过语言变量转化为直觉模糊数。由层次分析法确定主观权重,由数据本身确定客观权重,使用直觉模糊混合加权算子(intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid weighted, IFHW)算子集结评价信息,得到所有的故障模式的得分函数,最后基于风险最大化选取每个故障模式的最大分数,进行排名,得到最终的故障模式风险顺序。通过对静电纺丝设备进行FMEA分析,并与其他方法进行比较,验证了所提方法的可行性。     

基于FMEA的污水排放设备维护策略

以污水排放系统的设备为研究对象,采用系统失效模式及后果分析方法(系统FMEA)区分设备的关键等级,综合运用设备失效模式及后果分析方法(设备FMEA)确定各设备的主导故障,定制不同设备的维护策略.通过一具体实例说明运用FMEA定制维护策略的全过程.     

产品开发和设计中的质量保证─—有关利用产品发展史中各种信息的系统

在以质量为宗旨的新产品开发中，应当利用可比产品发展史中的各种信息。价值分析矩阵、质量功能配置（QFD）资料、失效模式及其影响分析（FMEA）表格、产品检验证书或者偏差许可通知以及索赔通知书和保修案例的资料，均可作为有关产品和部件的功能和失效模式的信息源［1］。本文将介绍一种用于支持信息反馈进入设计过程的信息系统。该系统由一家中型企业和一家高校设计研究所联合开发而成。［2］。     

基于经济损失的风险优先值排序方法研究及应用

针对传统失效模式和影响分析(FMEA)中风险优先等级(RPN)分析方法存在的离散性、重复性,以及灵敏度低、准确性差等缺陷,提出了一种基于经济损失的风险优先值排序方法——ERPN(risk priority number ranking method based on the economic losses).该方法采用定性与定量相结合的方式,首先确定某潜在失效情景的严重度,然后根据相关数据确定某初始事件发生概率以及此潜在失效情景所导致的经济损失,用两者的乘积作为ERPN值.该方法直接可观,可操作性强,具有较好的工程实用性.将其与基于反向鱼骨图的结构分解、基于情景的失效分析相结合,综合应用在自动包装生产线的送膜包覆装置的失效分析中,取得了很好的效果.     

Research on Reliability of Automatic Capping Device for Nuclear Power Plant

Automatic capping device is a complex and non-standard equipment, its reliability directly impacts the safety operation of Solid Waste Treatment System （TES） in nuclear power plant. In order to improve the reliability automatic capping device, the equipment function and machine structure are analyzed. And Failure Mode and Effects Analysis （FMEA） method is applied to systematically analyze all possible failure modes and their reliability. Through establishing the FMEA worksheet, all failure causes, failure effects and their severity are analyzed comprehensively. Base on these analyzing resuhs, it is easy to find out the product function design defects and weak links. Finally, through putting forward design prevention and improvement measures in design, the mission reliability of automatic capping device is improved, and most serious failure mode occurrence is avoided efficiently. Thus the safety operation of TES has been guaranteed in technology.     

A linguistic risk prioritization approach for failure mode and effects analysis: A case study of medical product development

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used risk management technique for identifying the potential failures from a system, design, or process and determining the most serious ones for risk reduction. Nonetheless, the traditional FMEA method has been criticized for having many deficiencies. Further, in the real world, FMEA team members are usually bounded rationality, and thus, their psychological behaviors should be considered. In response, this study presents a novel risk priority model for FMEA by using interval two‐tuple linguistic variables and an integrated multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) method. The interval two‐tuple linguistic variables are used to capture FMEA team members' diverse assessments on the risk of failure modes and the weights of risk factors. An integrated MCDM method based on regret theory and TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive MCDM) is developed to prioritize failure modes taking experts' psychological behaviors into account. Finally, an illustrative example regarding medical product development is included to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA. By comparing with other existing methods, the proposed linguistic FMEA approach is shown to be more advantageous in ranking failure modes under the uncertain and complex environment.     

Failure mode and effects analysis based on D numbers and TOPSIS

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used technique for assessing the risk of potential failure modes in designs, products, processes, system, and services. One of the main problems with FMEA is the need to address a variety of assessments given by FMEA team members and the sequence of the failure modes according to the degree of risk factors. Many different methods have been proposed to improve the traditional FMEA, which is impractical when the risk assessments given by multiple experts to one failure mode are imprecise, incomplete, or inconsistent. However, the existing methods cannot adequately handle these types of uncertainties. In this paper, a new risk priority model based on D numbers and technique for the order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed to evaluate the risk in FMEA. In the proposed model, the assessments given by the FMEA team members are represented by D numbers, where a new feasible and effective method can effectively represent the uncertain information. The TOPSIS method, a multicriteria decision‐making method is presented to rank the preference of failure modes with respect to risk factors. Finally, an application of the failure modes of the rotor blades of an aircraft turbine is provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

基于改进FMEA的适老化智能药盒交互设计研究

目的 基于适老化智能药盒交互失效模式的数据,对智能药盒的交互模式进行优化设计,提升交互体验,有效降低交互差错率。方法 首先,成立改进FMEA专家小组进行系统性人因错误减少和预测方法分析（Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach, SHERPA）;其次,构建智能药盒交互失误预防模型,然后对适老化智能药盒交互设计进行改进失效模式与效应分析（FailureModeand Effects Analysis, FMEA）;最后,针对需要改进的失效模式对智能药盒进行设计优化。结果 实验结果显示“实证对象”存在诸多交互失效模式,对相应交互失效模式进行优化,可有效提升老年人操作智能药盒的交互体验。结论 运用改进FMEA的方法,可以具体量化适老化智能药盒交互失效模式数据,对应失效模式数据的智能药盒交互优化设计,是可行有效的,能够有效降低老年人的用药风险,此方法可为产品交互设计研究提供新的方法路径。     

基于视觉信息系统的城市品牌形象研究

目的探究视觉信息系统作为城市形象可视化的重要构成,如何对城市品牌形象产生作用和影响。方法以深圳地铁导视系统为视觉信息系统的调研主体,通过实地考察、用户观察和访谈等研究方法进行数据收集和分析。结论基于产品功能层级对深圳地铁导视系统进行用户需求分析,得出稳定而积极的城市品牌形象来自视觉信息系统的基本功能和规范功能,而视觉信息系统的兴趣功能则是形成城市品牌形象策略的关键依据,认为视觉信息系统关系着城市品牌价值的实现。由此,分别从城市服务品质、城市文化自信、城市人文关怀和城市创新风貌的角度提出城市品牌形象策略:(1)强化视觉信息系统的核心功能;(2)传递视觉信息系统的美学价值;(3)完善无障碍向导设施;(4)研发智能化向导设备。     

凤翔民间工艺美术的数字化品牌设计与推广

目的将数字化的品牌设计方法与管理体系应用到凤翔民间工艺美术的保护与开发中,实现民间手工艺品与现代设计产业的对接,打造具有凤翔特色的文化产业模式。方法以凤翔民艺的调研和普查为基础,通过建立凤翔民间工艺美术大数据系统、开展数字化品牌设计、打造凤翔民间工艺美术品数字化推广平台,构建完整的数字化品牌管理体系。结论对凤翔民间工艺美术的保护与开发应以品牌设计和管理为突破口,引入现代创新设计理念,借鉴数字化技术,这既有利于塑造地方文化品牌,又能推动地方经济的发展。     

Fuzzy smart failure modes and effects analysis to improve safety performance of system: Case study of an aircraft landing system

Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a safety and reliability technique that is widely used to evaluate, design, and process a system against diverse possible ways through which the potential failure has a tendency to occur. In conventional FMEA, the risk evaluation is determined by risk priority number (RPN) obtained by multiplying of three risk factors—severity, occurrence, and detection. However, because of many shortages in conventional FMEA, the RPN scores have been widely criticized along issues bothering on ambiguity and vagueness, scoring, appraising, evaluating, and selecting corrective actions. In this paper, we propose a new integrated fuzzy smart FMEA framework where the combination of fuzzy set theory, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used, respectively, to handle uncertainty and to increase the reliability of the risk assessment. These are achieved by employing a heterogeneous group of experts and determining the efficiency of FMEA mode with adequate priority and corrective actions using RPN, time, and cost as indicators. A numerical example (aircraft landing system) is provided to exemplify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model. The outputs of the proposed model compared with the conventional risk assessment technique results show its effectiveness, reliability, and propensity for real applications.     

Consensus building in linguistic failure mode and effect analysis: A perspective based on prospect theory

As one of many scientific and efficient risk assessment approaches, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) has been widely applied across various fields. There are two core issues in the FMEA approach: identifying the latent failure modes of the systems, products, processes and services and the risk assessment and the prioritization of those failure modes. Then, corrective measures must be taken in a timely and accessible manner to prevent the occurrence of failure modes with higher risk levels. In practice, several FMEA members from different fields are usually involved in the FMEA implementation process; the risk assessment information given by them may vary greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate a consensus-building process into FMEA. Meanwhile, the psychological behaviours of FMEA members have had a great impact on the final prioritization of failure modes. Prospect theory is an effective approach for describing individual psychological behaviours. Therefore, this paper presents a novel linguistic FMEA approach to address the consensus issue from the perspective of prospect theory. In the proposed linguistic FMEA approach, a consensus measurement approach based on prospect theory is constructed. Then, a novel feedback adjustment mechanism is designed in which FMEA members can adjust not only their assessment information but also their reference points to achieve an acceptable consensus degree. Eventually, a practical application is used to show the validity and applicability of the proposed linguistic FMEA approach.     

Fuzzy assessment of FMEA for engine systems

When performing failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) for quality assurance and reliability improvement, interdependencies among various failure modes with uncertain and imprecise information are very difficult to be incorporated for failure analysis. Consequently, the validity of the results may be questionable. This paper presents a fuzzy-logic-based method for FMEA to address this issue. A platform for a fuzzy expert assessment is integrated with the proposed system to overcome the potential difficulty in sharing information among experts from various disciplines. The FMEA of diesel engine's turbocharger system is presented to illustrate the feasibility of such techniques.