定向凝固镍基高温合金CM247LC热处理工艺优化及持久性能研究

目的 研究定向凝固镍基高温合金CM247LC的最优热处理工艺制度,通过优化热处理工艺提高合金的力学性能。方法 分别用JMatPro热力学分析软件和金相法判断CM247LC合金的初熔温度点,并确定合金的热处理窗口温度;利用光学显微镜(OM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)观察合金经不同固溶处理后的微观组织和元素偏析情况;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察合金经不同时效处理及持久断裂后的微观组织形貌。结果 CM247LC合金的初熔温度为1 260 ℃,热处理窗口温度为1 215~1 255 ℃。根据热处理窗口温度,设计了6种固溶处理工艺,对比发现,经1 228 ℃/2 h+1 240 ℃/2 h+1 255 ℃/2 h、AC固溶工艺处理后,合金的组织均匀化程度最高,元素偏析得到了显著改善,γ/γ′共晶的体积分数从铸态时的18.9%降至5.04%,确定此工艺为合金优化固溶处理工艺参数。合金经优化固溶处理后再经1 080 ℃/4 h、AC高温时效处理和870 ℃/22 h、AC中温时效处理,析出的γ′相尺寸(337.3 nm)、体积分数(67.81%)适宜且立方度最高,确定此工艺为最优热处理工艺。经最优热处理工艺处理的合金在980 ℃/205 MPa下的持久寿命为162 h,相比于铸态和固溶态处理的合金持久寿命分别提高了87 h和45 h。结论 通过优化固溶处理和时效处理,确定合金最优热处理工艺参数为:1 228 ℃/2 h+1 240 ℃/2 h+1 255 ℃/2 h、AC(固溶处理)+1 080 ℃/4 h、AC+870 ℃/22 h、AC(时效处理),经最优热处理工艺处理的合金持久寿命显著提高。     

原始颗粒边界对粉末热等静压成形FGH97合金性能的影响

目的 基于粉末冶金近净成形工艺，研究原始颗粒边界(PPBs)对FGH97合金力学性能的影响，并验证热处理和二次热等静压工艺能否消除PPBs。方法 采用等离子旋转电极雾化法制备FGH97合金粉末，分别在1 200 ℃/120 MPa/2 h和1 200 ℃/140 MPa/3 h条件下进行热等静压成形。先后对FGH97合金进行固溶(1 200 ℃/4 h/炉冷)和时效(910 ℃/3 h/空冷+750 ℃/8 h/空冷+700 ℃/17 h/空冷)热处理，并对热处理后的样品进行二次热等静压(制度为1 200 ℃/140 MPa/3 h)。对上述实验前后的FGH97合金显微组织进行表征，使用Photoshop软件计算PPBs的占比，研究热处理和二次热等静压工艺对PPBs的消除作用。结合力学性能测试研究PPBs对合金性能的影响。结果 当采用压力更高、保温时间更长的热等静压制度时，制备得到的FGH97合金PPBs占比更少、力学性能更好，其PPBs占比为5.6%，室温抗拉强度为1 412 MPa，屈服强度为947 MPa，伸长率为16%。经热处理后，FGH97合金中PPBs的占比下降至3.0%，该合金在650 ℃下的抗拉强度为1 262 MPa，屈服强度为956 MPa，伸长率为17%;经二次热等静压后，PPBs的占比降低至1.3%。结论 PPBs会对FGH97合金的力学性能产生不利影响，热处理和二次热等静压工艺均可消除PPBs。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的热处理工艺研究

研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金的热处理工艺。采用差热分析法和金相测试法确定合金的初熔温度在1280℃左右;利用光学金相显微镜观察了合金在不同固溶处理后的微观组织,测试了合金的持久性能。结果表明,合金的最佳热处理工艺为1245℃/2h,AC+1275℃/4h,AC+1100℃/2h,AC+850℃/24h,AC。采用该工艺处理后的单晶高温合金具有优异的持久性能,在980℃、235MPa的条件下持久寿命达159.35h。     

热处理制度对大直径钛合金管材组织与性能的影响

采用4种热处理制度对TC4ELI钛合金大直径管材试样进行处理,研究不同热处理制度对其组织与性能的影响。结果表明:经750℃×1 h/AC普通退火处理后,组织为魏氏组织,具有较高的冲击韧性和断裂韧性,强度较低;经900℃×1 h/AC处理后,组织为晶界模糊的魏氏组织,同样具有较高的冲击韧性和断裂韧性,且强度较普通退火有所上升;经930℃×1 h/WQ+580℃×6 h/AC处理后,组织为魏氏组织,α片层较为细小,其断裂韧性(96.8 MPa·m1/2)、强度(892 MPa)、断面收缩率(42%)以及伸长率(16.0%)达到4种处理制度下的最大值,但冲击韧性急剧下降;经930℃×1 h/WQ+650℃×6 h/AC处理后,组织为魏氏组织,晶内α相片层取向呈编织状,具有较高的强度和断裂韧性,冲击韧性较差。     

热处理工艺对新型轻质奥氏体耐磨钢的组织与力学性能的影响

以新型轻质高锰、高铝的奥氏体耐磨钢为研究对象,利用XRD,OM,SEM,EDS观察显微组织和析出物,研究不同的热处理工艺对新型钢种的组织与力学性能影响。结果表明:该新型轻质奥氏体耐磨钢的最佳优化热处理工艺为1050℃保温1h水韧,550℃时效2h,空冷。在最佳热处理工艺条件下奥氏体基体内弥散析出细小的钙钛矿结构(Fe,Mn)3AlC的κ-碳化物颗粒,不仅强化了奥氏体基体,其力学性能也得到明显改善;最优工艺处理后实验钢的硬度、强度、冲击韧度达到了最佳匹配,其抗拉强度为825MPa,屈服强度为574MPa,冲击韧度值为156J/cm2(V型缺口),硬度为271HB;与只进行水韧处理相比实验钢的屈服强度提高40.0%,硬度提高32.2%。     

热处理工艺参数对超高强度衬板用合金钢组织及冲击磨料磨损性能的影响

对于一种自行设计成分的超高强度衬板用合金钢进行了热处理试验,采用正交试验及极差分析的方法,分析了热处理参数对试验钢力学性能的影响。通过冲击磨料磨损试验,对比优化后工艺及原有工艺的耐磨性,进一步研究了热处理参数对耐磨性的影响。结果表明,各热处理参数对硬度均影响不大,回火温度对试验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度影响最大,淬火温度对试验钢的冲击韧性影响最大。试验钢的最优热处理工艺为:(950℃保温1.5h)油淬+(300℃保温2h)回火+空冷至室温。试验钢在热处理后获得了均匀的贝氏体+马氏体+残余奥氏体混合组织,抗拉强度达到1839MPa,屈服强度达到1631MPa,硬度达到50.1HRC,冲击韧性值达到11.9J/cm2,综合力学性能良好,且耐磨性在任何冲击功条件下均高于原有工艺。     

热处理工艺对连铸10CrNi3MoV钢性能的影响

针对高温热成型及正常调质处理后连铸10CrNi3MoV钢性能恶化这一问题,研究了循环/亚温淬火热处理工艺,进行了力学性能测试、显微组织观察及晶粒度评定.结果表明,采用亚温淬火( 835℃×2h+ 820℃×2h)+高温回火(630℃×3h)热处理工艺,可有效细化连铸10CrNi3MoV钢的晶粒,显著改善其低温韧性,使其...     

热等静压对第三代单晶高温合金DD33显微组织和持久性能的影响

对第三代DD33单晶高温合金进行标准热处理、热等静压以及不同制度的后续固溶和时效处理,并在850℃/650 MPa和1100℃/170 MPa条件下进行高温持久性能实验,使用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线三维成像技术(XCT)等手段观察和表征不同状态的样品,研究了热等静压和热处理对这种合金显微组织和持久性能的影响。结果表明：铸态DD33单晶高温合金经过适当的热等静压和后续热处理工艺后,样品的组织形貌(γ′相尺寸、体积分数与立方化程度)与标准热处理态基本相同。与标准热处理态合金相比,热等静压处理后合金显微孔洞的体积分数和尺寸均显著降低,其体积分数从0.0190%降低到0.0005%,最大孔等效直径从36.9 μm减小到14.2 μm。在850℃/650 MPa和1100℃/170 MPa条件下热等静压后的样品持久寿命均显著延长。这表明,适当的热等静压和热处理能消除合金内部的显微孔洞缺陷,使其持久性能显著提高。     

苯并(噁)嗪树脂体系在湿法缠绕工艺中的应用研究

采用旋转黏度计测定了苯并(口恶)嗪(BZ)树脂体系的黏度-温度曲线以及黏度-时间曲线,并计算BZ体系的固化动力学参数,从而确定固化工艺;在特定固化工艺条件下将BZ树脂初步缠绕内径60mm的碳管,测试其相关的力学性能,为BZ树脂体系应用于湿法缠绕工艺提供一定的依据。测试结果表明,该树脂体系室温下黏度为0.35Pa·s,满足湿法缠绕工艺的要求;固化工艺参数T_i=173℃,T_p=197℃,T_f=214℃,而固化制度为100℃/1h+120℃/1h+140℃/1h+160℃/1h+180℃/2h+200℃/2h;碳管的水压测试达到19MPa。     

热处理对网状结构TiB_W/Ti60复合材料组织与性能的影响

使用大尺寸球形Ti60钛合金粉与细小TiB2粉,通过低能球磨与反应热压烧结,成功制备了增强相呈网状分布的TiB晶须增强Ti60合金基(TiB_W/Ti60)复合材料。对TiB_W/Ti60复合材料进行热处理,以改善其组织结构与力学性能。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,TiB_W/Ti60复合材料基体中初生α相(密排六方相)含量减少,相应地转变β组织(α′(马氏体)+残留β相(体心立方相))含量增加,TiB_W/Ti60复合材料的抗拉强度升高,塑性降低;经过1 100℃/1h固溶处理之后,TiB_W/Ti60复合材料的室温抗拉强度为1 470 MPa,延伸率为1.9%。经过时效处理后,转变β组织中的α′相分解成细小α+β相。经过1 100℃/1h固溶+600℃/8h时效处理后TiB_W/Ti60复合材料的硬度达到HV538,抗拉强度达到1 552 MPa,延伸率为1.5%,经过1 000℃/1h固溶+600℃/8h时效处理,其抗拉强度达到1 460 MPa,延伸率为2.2%。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.