三维五向编织复合材料低速冲击及冲击后压缩性能实验研究

通过实验研究三维五向碳纤维/环氧树脂编织复合材料低速冲击及其冲击后压缩(CAI)性能。测试试件虽然有不同的编织角度,但承受相同的冲击能力。采用冲击后压缩测试表征不同编织结构的冲击后剩余力学性能。结果表明:编织角较大的试件由于其更紧密的空间结构,能承受更高的冲击载荷且冲击损伤区域更小。CAI强度和损伤机理主要取决于编织纤维束的轴向支撑。随着编织角的增加,CAI强度降低,材料的破坏模式也由横向断裂转变为剪切破坏。     

基于面-内胞模型的三维四向编织复合材料渐进损伤数值模拟

为了准确预测三维四向编织复合材料的纵向拉伸力学性能,对编织复合材料的面胞和内胞细观实体模型进行参数化建模,面胞模型考虑了纱线空间轨迹的偏移和横截面的挤压变形。用体素网格离散模型并施加合适的边界条件,将各组分材料的损伤模型编入到有限元分析软件ABAQUS用户定义材料子程序UMAT中。分别对内编织角为30°和45°的三维四向碳纤维/环氧树脂编织复合材料的面-内胞模型进行数值分析,经体积加权平均获得不同厚度编织复合材料试件的纵向拉伸模量和强度,通过统计具有相同破坏模式的积分点数量研究复合材料的渐进损伤过程。结果表明:基于面-内胞模型预测三维四向编织复合材料的纵向拉伸力学性能与试验值吻合良好,损伤分析结果合理地反映了面胞和内胞的渐进损伤过程。      

二步法方型三维编织复合材料力学性能及影响因素

对具有不同细观结构参数的二步法方型三维编织复合材料试件进行了轴向拉伸、三点弯曲及轴向压缩的力学性能测试,获得了这种结构材料的基本力学性能数据。针对其细观结构特点,从宏观角度分析了编织纱的种类、编织纱与轴纱的线密度之比以及编织节距长度等参数对力学性能的影响。实验和分析结果表明:二步法方型三维编织复合材料的轴纱对轴向拉伸和压缩性能起主导作用;节距长度增大,编织纱越粗,轴向拉伸强度、拉伸模量以及轴向压缩强度和模量均有增大的趋势。      

三维编织复合材料压缩力学性能的实验研究

通过宏观压缩实验,研究了三维四向编织复合材料的抗压力学性能;同时,为了认识其压缩失效机理,对压缩试件的破坏断口进行了扫描电镜分析。实验结果表明:纵向压缩模量比横向压缩模量大得多;影响纵向压缩力学性能的主要参数是材料的编织角,随编织角的变化,复合材料的纵向压缩破坏机理发生了变化,编织角较小时,材料表现为脆性特征;当编织角大于某个角度,材料的应力-应变曲线趋于非线性,延性增加,更多地表现为塑性破坏特征。此外,横向压缩的破坏机理与纵向压缩明显不同。     

三维五向炭纤维/酚醛编织复合材料的压缩性能及破坏机制

针对不同编织角、 不同纤维体积分数的三维五向炭纤维/酚醛编织复合材料在不同温度下进行了纵向(编织方向)压缩和横向压缩试验 , 获得了其主要压缩力学性能 , 分析了编织参数、 温度对材料压缩力学性能的影响。对试件断口进行了宏观及扫描电镜观察 , 从宏、 细观角度研究了材料的变形及其破坏机制。结果表明 , 三维五向炭纤维/酚醛编织复合材料的压缩应力2应变曲线呈现明显的非线性特征 , 且温度效应明显; 编织角和纤维体积分数是影响材料压缩性能的主要参数。三维五向炭纤维/酚醛编织复合材料的纵向压缩与横向压缩具有完全不同的破坏机制。      

高温炭化处理对三维五向碳/酚醛编织复合材料拉伸性能的影响

对未经炭化和经不同温度炭化处理后的三维五向碳/酚醛编织复合材料进行了纵向和横向拉伸实验, 获得了拉伸应力-应变曲线, 并确定了材料的拉伸强度、 拉伸模量、 破坏应变和泊松比等主要力学性能, 分析了这类材料经不同温度炭化处理后拉伸力学性能的变化规律。对试件拉伸实验后的破坏断口进行了宏观和微观分析, 探讨了材料的变形和破坏机理。实验结果表明: 随炭化处理温度的增加, 三维五向碳/酚醛编织复合材料的纵向、 横向拉伸强度和拉伸模量均呈先降后升的趋势, 存在一个转折温度, 超过该温度, 材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量从下降变为上升, 但拉伸模量的变化幅度较小; 但是, 随着炭化温度的升高, 材料的破坏应变是逐渐降低的。通过形貌观察和树脂热分解机理分析, 认为在不同的炭化处理温度下, 材料的细观组织结构演变存在明显的差异, 因此造成了材料力学性能的变化。      

三维六向编织复合材料渐进损伤模拟及强度预测

基于三维六向编织复合材料的细观结构,假设第六向纱线的截面形状为菱形,建立了三维六向编织复合材料的渐进损伤有限元模型。采用Linde等提出的失效准则,引入周期性位移边界条件,对三维六向编织复合材料的纵向拉伸应力-应变行为进行了渐进损伤数值模拟,讨论了单胞模型在纵向拉伸载荷作用下的细观损伤起始、扩展和最终失效的演化过程,并预测了材料的拉伸强度。在此基础上,进一步研究了编织角、纤维体积分数和编织纱水平取向角等参数对材料纵向拉伸力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,三维六向编织复合材料的轴向纱线拉伸断裂是导致其破坏的最主要因素。所得数值结果与现有试验值吻合较好,验证了该模型的有效性,为更深入研究此类材料的力学性能奠定了基础。     

三维五向编织复合材料纵向性能的实验研究

通过对具有不同编织结构参数的三维五向编织复合材料试件的纵向拉伸和压缩实验,分析了该类材料的纵向拉、压刚度和强度随编织工艺参数的变化规律以及材料的失效形式.三维五向编织复合材料在破坏前基本保持线弹性,纵向拉、压破坏具有脆性特征,拉伸模量和压缩模量比较接近,但拉伸强度远大于压缩强度.编织角和纤维体积含量对材料性能的影响显著,纱线粗细的影响不大.提高第五向纱线的比例,可提高材料的纵向性能.此外,研究中采用短标距薄板试件,以避免试件产生整体屈曲和端部纤维束开裂破坏.     

三维编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料横向压缩性质的温度效应

采用实验和有限元方法,研究了三维编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在低温场（20、0、-50、-100℃）中横向压缩性质温度效应。研究结果表明：温度对碳纤维/环氧树脂横向压缩模量、屈服应力及切向模量均有不同程度影响。三维编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料横向压缩后,试样表面形貌受温度影响显著。低温场中,表面鳞纹现象减弱,且纱线-树脂间界面出现开裂。温度降低导致碳纤维/环氧树脂内部产生热应力。热应力对碳纤维/环氧树脂力学性能影响有限,不是温度效应的主导因素。基体性质随温度变化是三维编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料横向压缩性质温度效应的主要机制。     

三维四向编织复合材料压缩力学性能实验研究

通过对三维四向编织复合材料薄板试件的宏观压缩实验,研究了三维四向编织复合材料的抗压力学性能.实验结果表明:材料的编织角对其压缩力学性能的影响很大,随编织角的变化,编织复合材料的压缩破坏机制发生了变化.编织角度较小时,材料表现为脆性特征;当编织角度大于某个临界角度时,材料的应力-应变曲线趋于非线性,更多地表现为塑性破坏.     

Computational Analysis of Torsional Bulking Behavior of 3D 4-Directional Braided Composites Shafts

The torsional bulking behavior of 3D 4-directional braided composites shafts was analyzed in this work. First, the unit cell models of 3D 4-directional braided composites shafts with different braiding angles and fiber volume fraction were built up. Then, the elastic parameters of 3D 4-directional braided composites shafts were predicted using the unit cells under different boundary conditions. Finally, the torsional bulking eigenvalues and bulking modes of the composites shafts were obtained by numerical simulation, and the effects of braiding angle and fiber volume fraction on the torsional bulking behavior of 3D 4-directional braided composites shafts were analyzed. The simulation results show that the bulking eigenvalues increase with the increase of braiding angle and fiber volume fraction. This work will play an important role in the design of 3D 4-directional braided composites shafts.     

Numerical Study on the Tensile Behavior of 3D Four Directional Cylindrical Braided Composite Shafts

The tensile behavior of 3D four directional cylindrical braided composite shafts was analyzed with the numerical method. The unit cell models for the 3D four directional cylindrical braided composite shafts with various braiding angles were constructed with ABAQUS. Hashin’s failure criterion was used to analyze the tensile strength and the damage evolution of the unit cells. The influence of the braiding angle on the tensile behavior of the 3D four directional cylindrical braided composite shafts was analyzed. The numerical results showed that the tensile strength along the braiding direction increased as the braiding angle decreased. These results should play an integral role in the design of braiding composites shafts.     

Investigation on the compressive properties of the three dimensional four-directional braided composites

The compressive mechanical properties of three dimensional (3D) braided composites are of key concern for design in actual engineering application. A representative volume cell (RVC) is chosen to study the uniaxial compressive mechanical properties of the braided composites with different braid angles by combing damage theory and finite element method. The fiber misalignment and longitudinal shear nonlinearity of braid yarn are considered in the computation model. And their influences on the compressive behavior of the braided composites are also evaluated. The damage development of constituents within the braided composites are obtained and analyzed. The main damage and failure modes and their interaction of braid yarn are provided as well. The numerical results are found that the compressive mechanical behavior of the braided composites with lower braid angle is sensitive to the fiber initial imperfection of braid yarn. The strength of the braided composites with different braid angle is controlled by the different microscopic failure modes.     

Microstructural Modeling and Second-Order Two-Scale Computation for Mechanical Properties of 3D 4-Directional Braided Composites

This study is concerned with the microstructural modeling and mechanical properties computation of three-dimensional (3D) 4-directional braided composites. Microstructure of the braided composite determines its mechanical properties and a precise geometry modeling of the composite is essential to predict the material properties. On the basis of microscopic observation, a new parameterized microstructural unit cell model is established in this paper. And this model truly simulates the microstructure of the braided composites. Furthermore, the mathematical relationships among the structural parameters, including the braiding angle, fiber volume fraction and braiding bitch, are derived. By using the unit cell model, the second-order two-scale (SOTS) method is applied to predict the mechanical properties of 3D 4-directional braided composites, including stiffness parameters and strength parameters. Besides, the effects of the braiding angle and fiber volume fraction on the elastic constants are investigated in detail. Numerical results show that the predictive stiffness and strength parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental data, which demonstrate that the established unit cell model is applicable and the second-order two-scale method is valid to predict the mechanical properties of 3D 4-directional braided composites.     

三维六向编织复合材料力学性能的实验研究

通过拉伸 ( 含开孔拉伸 ) 、压缩 ( 含开孔压缩 ) 、面内剪切及冲击后压缩实验,获得了三维六向编织复合材料的主要力学性能参数。基于宏观实验,探讨了材料在拉伸、压缩及剪切载荷作用下的破坏模式和失效机理,分析了开孔类型 ( 机械孔、编织孔 ) 对材料拉、压性能的影响并研究了冲击对材料压缩性能的影响。所获结果为进一步研究三维六向编织复合材料的刚度、强度预报奠定了基础。     

编织角和承载方向对三维四向编织复合材料动态压缩性能的影响

利用分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）装置对三维四向编织碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的动态压缩性能进行了研究。通过对编织角为20°、30°和45°的试验件分别进行沿纵向、横向和厚度方向的动态压缩试验,得到材料在800~2 000/s应变率范围内的应力-应变曲线,并与准静态压缩试验结果进行对比,研究了应变率、压缩方向及编织角对材料极限强度和弹性模量的影响。结合高速摄影记录的动态压缩过程,进一步分析了不同情况下材料的破坏模式与破坏过程。结果表明：应变率越高,材料的极限强度和弹性模量越大,材料在受压的三个方向上均具有一定的应变率强化效应,且高应变率下表现出比准静态压缩时更明显的脆性;编织角的改变对材料在三个方向上的动态压缩性能均有影响,其中对纵向的影响最为明显;不同方向受压时材料的失效形式不同,且准静态和高应变率下的失效形式也有区别。