AlN/EG纳米流体的制备及稳定性研究

通过两步法制备了氮化铝/乙二醇(Al N/EG)纳米流体,研究了超声分散时间、p H值、分散剂种类及添加量3种因素对其稳定性的影响。结果表明,超声分散时间太长或太短都不利于流体的稳定性,实验中取30 min最好;酸溶液的加入使Al N/EG纳米流体稳定性急剧恶化;碱溶液的加入也使Al N/EG纳米流体稳定性恶化,但速度较酸的加入慢。适量分散剂PVP的加入能够改善Al N/EG纳米流体的稳定性。     

BN/EG纳米流体热导率影响因素的实验研究

以不同尺寸的BN纳米粒子及自制的BNNTs为添加物,通过两步法制备了不同体积分数的BN(140nm)/EG、BN(70nm)/EG及BNNTs/EG纳米流体,利用瞬态热线装置测试了其热导率,研究了添加物体积分数、长径比、尺寸、聚集形态、流体温度及分散剂等因素对纳米流体热导率的影响规律。结果表明,纳米流体热导率随纳米粒子体积分数、纳米粒子尺寸、纳米粒子长径比、流体温度的增加而增加,纳米粒子松散的链状聚集比紧密的云状聚集更有利于提高基液热导率,分散剂的加入不同程度降低了纳米流体热导率增加量,但降低幅度不大。     

纳米铝粉颗粒分散稳定性的研究

以六偏磷酸钠作分散剂,采用吸光度实验来考察分散介质、六偏磷酸钠的用量及超声时间对铝基纳米流体稳定性的影响,并对其分散机理进行初步的探讨。结果表明:当乙二醇和去离子水按照体积比为1∶1时混合液作为分散介质得到的纳米流体的分散稳定性最好。六偏磷酸钠能够有效地分散纳米铝粉颗粒,得到均匀、稳定的铝基纳米流体;当加入六偏磷酸钠的质量浓度为0.5 g/L、超声分散时间为50 min时,分散效果最佳;六偏磷酸钠对纳米铝粉颗粒的稳定分散作用主要是通过颗粒间的静电作用来实现的。     

分散剂对纳米流体影响的研究进展

添加分散剂来提高纳米流体的分散稳定性是制备纳米流体时一种常用的方法,分散剂除了对纳米流体的分散稳定性有着重要影响外,还会对纳米流体的其他特性(例如导热性、粘度等)产生重要的影响。综述了分散剂对纳米流体影响的研究进展,主要总结了分散剂对纳米流体稳定性、导热性和粘度的影响,发现分散剂的种类和浓度都是影响纳米流体各项特性的关键参数,认为分散剂配比的选择必须考虑其综合影响,为分散剂运用于纳米流体方面提供了研究参考。     

纳米锡粉的制备及分散稳定性研究

为了使纳米锡粉在乙二醇水溶液中良好稳定地分散,通过直流电弧等离子体蒸发法制备平均粒径为106 nm的纳米锡粉,以十二烷基硫酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、聚乙二醇为分散剂研究纳米锡粉在乙二醇水溶液中的分散性能,分析分散时间、分散剂类型及含量对锡粉分散性能的影响。结果表明,不同分散剂的加入对锡粉颗粒在乙二醇水溶液中的分散稳定性都有所提高,随着超声时间的延长和分散剂浓度的增大,粉体的分散效果先增强后减弱;纳米锡粉在乙二醇水溶液中的最佳分散工艺是加入质量分数为3%的十二烷基硫酸钠,超声时间为60 min。     

PET/纳米SiO2复合体系结晶性和SiO2粒子分散性研究

将改性后的纳米SiO2加入单体EG中超声波分散,然后与TPA搅拌混合置入反应釜中,制备PET/纳米SiO2复合材料.研究了纳米SiO2的用量及其分散形式.用傅立叶红外、SEM分析和观察纳米SiO2在复合材料中的结构和形态,用示差扫描量热法(DSC)分析PET复合材料的结晶行为.结果表明,PET/SiO2复合材料中的纳米氧化硅已经融入到PET基体中.将纳米SiO2在EG中直接用超声波分散,再与TPA聚合得到的复合材料中纳米SiO2粒子存在严重团聚现象;而纳米SiO2和分散剂PEG同时加入EG后用超声波分散,再进行聚合可以明显提高其分散性.DSC分析表明,PET/SiO2复合材料体系的结晶放热峰的宽度增大.当SiO2的量不超过2%时,能够略微提高PET的结晶温度,使结晶过冷度和结晶速率减小;当SiO2含量为3%时,结晶速率常数增大.与非等温结晶动力学分析得到的结果相同.     

相变蓄冷纳米复合流体成核过冷度及释冷的实验研究

通过添加亲水性分散剂,经过超声振动制备了粒径为20nm的4种不同质量分数的TiO2-水纳米复合流体.对去离子水和纳米复合流体同步进行蓄冷和释冷实验,实验表明:加入纳米TiO2粉体后,可大幅度降低水的过冷度直至消除,并且纳米复合流体的起始成核时间比去离子水提前了,融冰时TiO2-水纳米复合流体的释冷率要比去离子水大.     

矩形微流道内Cu/Al核壳结构纳米流体的导热性能

采用还原法制备Cu/Al纳米复合粉,以水-乙二醇为基液,制备不同质量分数的Cu/Al复合纳米流体。利用XRD、SEM、TEM对复合材料的相结构和微观形貌进行了表征,采用紫外-可见分光光度计和热物性分析仪测试了其稳定性,将其应用于矩形流道微通道散热器内,通过实验研究了不同质量分数纳米流体的导热性能。结果表明,采用原位置换还原法制备的Cu/Al纳米复合粉体具有核壳结构,在添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵分散剂条件下,质量百分数为0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%复合Cu/Al纳米流体均具有良好的分散稳定性;随着Cu/Al质量分数的提高,纳米流体的导热系数增大;相对于基液,当纳米粒子浓度为0.5%时,Cu/Al纳米流体导热系数在矩形微道内最大提高39.6%,传热性能显著增强。     

SiO_2-EG纳米流体的制备及热物性能

将平均粒径为30nm和50nm的SiO2纳米颗粒添加到EG(乙二醇)的基液中制成SiO2-EG纳米流体,利用粒度分析法、吸光度分析法和Zeta电位分析法分析其悬浮稳定性,当超声时间为3h时,其分散性和稳定性最好。对SiO2-EG纳米流体的热物性能参数如黏度、表面张力、导热系数,在不同体积分数、粒度和温度条件下进行测试分析表明,SiO2-EG纳米流体的黏度高于基液的黏度,表面张力低于基液的表面张力,导热系数高于基液的导热系数。在常温下,体积分数为0.5%时,30nm和50nm两种粒径的SiO2-EG纳米流体的粘度比EG粘度分别提高了15.41%和13.17%,表面张力系数比EG分别降低了3.23%和2.54%,导热系数分别提高38.36%和31.47%。进一步研究发现温度的升高导致SiO2-EG纳米流体的粘度和表面张力系数均有所降低,而导热系数却增加。     

水基纳米TiN流体粘度及流变特性的研究

为了获得具有良好稳定性的纳米流体,采用"两步法"制备了若干的水基纳米TiN流体,分别从搅拌时间、分散剂质量分数、分散介质种类、粘度计转子转速各个方面,考察了这种纳米流体在不同制备条件下的粘度,分析了流体粘度随这些因素的变化规律,并对其流变特性进行了相关的研究。测试结果表明,上述诸因素对纳米流体的粘度及流变特性都有不同程度的影响。纳米TiN流体的粘度随搅拌时间的延长而降低,最后趋于稳定;纳米TiN流体的粘度随分散剂质量分数的增加而呈增长趋势,且增长幅度较小并最后趋于稳定;纳米TiN颗粒在不同分散介质中进行分散时,所得到的流体粘度也有一定的差别;纳米TiN流体的粘度与转子转速呈近似的线性关系,且近似趋于牛顿流体。     

Thermal Conductivity of AlN–Ethanol Nanofluids

Aluminum nitride (AlN) particles of 20 nm diameter were dispersed into ethanol by a two-step process, first magnetic striation and then ultrasonic agitation. Castor oil was added as a dispersant to improve the stability of the AlN suspension. The thermal conductivities of AlN–ethanol nanofluids were measured by a hot-disk method from 0.5 vol% to 4.0 vol% at temperatures of 273.15 K and 297.15 K. Results show about 20% increase in the thermal conductivity of ethanol with the addition of 4.0 vol% at 273.15 K, and a strong temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity.     

Influence of different parameters and their coupled effects on the stability of alumina nanofluids by a fractional factorial design approach

Nanofluids have been introduced as new-generation fluids able to improve energy efficiency in heat exchangers. However, stability problems related to both agglomeration and sedimentation of nanoparticles have limited industrial-level scaling. A fractional factorial experimental 2^k?1 design was applied in order to evaluate the effects of nanoparticle concentration, surfactant type and concentration, ultrasonic amplitude as well as ultrasonic time on the stability of alumina (Al₂O₃) nanofluids. Commercial alumina nanoparticles (particle diameter <50 nm) were dispersed in deionized water using ultrasonic probe dispersion equipment. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were used as surfactants. The stability of the nanofluids in static mode was monitored by visual inspection and UV visible spectroscopy. The results of the experimental design showed that the coupled effects between surfactant type and surfactant concentration and between ultrasonication tip amplitude and ultrasonication time had the most pronounced effects on nanofluid stability. The experimental conditions providing the best stability were 0.5 wt% of Al₂O₃, CTAB, critical micelle surfactant concentration, 30% ultrasonic amplitude and 30 min of ultrasonication.     

烧结NdFeB永磁材料超声电沉积Ni-P合金的研究

利用超声辅助电沉积方法,研究了在烧结NdFeB永磁体表面电沉积Ni-P合金的工艺。研究了超声波对NdFeB电沉积Ni-P合金表面形貌和镀层耐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明与无超声场下的Ni-P电沉积层相比,附加超声的电沉积所得Ni-P合金层表面晶粒均匀、细小,排列更为平整,结合力强,耐蚀性较好。     

Stability analysis of Al2O3/water nanofluids

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the stability analysis of Al₂O₃/water nanofluid. The stability is investigated with the help of zeta potential and visual inspection methods. The effects of pH and sonication time for the stability of nanofluids are studied in detail. The visual inspection method is used to calculate the stability period of nanofluids. The zeta potential is directly related to stability period of nanofluids; higher the absolute value of zeta potential, higher the stability period. The stability is also analysed by using sodium dodecyl sulphate, a surfactant, with respect to the time elapsed after the preparation of nanofluids.     

Cu-水纳米流体的分散行为及导热性能研究

通过测定Cu-水纳米悬浮液的Zeta电位和吸光度,采用Hotdisk热物性分析仪测量了其导热系数,探讨了不同pH值和分散剂浓度对Cu-水纳米悬浮液分散稳定性和导热性能的影响.结果表明,pH值和分散剂加入量是影响Cu-水纳米悬浮液分散稳定和导热系数的重要因素.最优化的pH值和分散剂加入量能显著提高水溶液中Cu表面Zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒间静电排斥力,悬浮液分散稳定性较好,导热系数较高.从分散稳定和导热系数提高两个方面来考虑,pH=9.5左右被选为最优化值,在0.1%Cu-H2O纳米流体中,0.07%SDBS被选为最优化浓度.另外,Cu-水纳米流体的导热系数随纳米粒子质量分数的增大而增大,呈非线性关系,且比现有理论(Hamilton-Crosser模型)预测值大.     

Optimum operating parameters of a beads mill for an AlN containing nanofluids

The effects of the operating parameters of a beads mill, such as the size of beads, the rotating speed, and the running time for the dispersion stability and thermal conductivity of nanofluids were investigated. It was found that smaller beads were more effective for dispersing the nanoparticles in n-Hexane and the nanoparticles were more easily deagglomerated at a medium speed. The optimum running time for a beads mill was also identified to increase the dispersion stability and the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.     

Elaboration of thermophysical performance enhancement mechanism of functionalized boron nitride/graphite hybrid nanofluids

This study mainly investigated the physicochemical characteristics of ethylene glycol/ water (EG/W) based hydroxyl-functionalized boron nitride (BN-OH) and graphite (G) hybrid nanofluids. A novel simple and efficient annealing method was proposed to have hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles functionalized to improve the synergistic role between hybrid G/BN-OH nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the dispersion stability, thermal stability, and rheological behavior of diverse nanofluids (h-BN, BN-OH, G, G/BN and G/BH-OH) were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the G/BN-OH hybrid nanofluids demonstrate both better dispersion stability and thermal stability, as well as a lower increase in viscosity. In addition, the thermal conductivity of G/BN-OH hybrid nanofluids was increased by up to 18.05% with a concentration of 0.2 wt% when compared to the base fluid. Ultimately, the complicated theoretical mechanism of thermophysical performance augment for G/BH-OH hybrid nanofluids was reliably presented. The enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids may be attributed to the formation of adsorption layers and the synergistic effect of the thermal conductivity network.     

A study of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO-EG nanofluid

This study deals with the synthesis and characterisation of ZnO nanoparticles and suspension of ZnO-ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluid. Crystalline ZnO nanoparticles are synthesised using the chemical method. The nanofluids were synthesised by the dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in EG solution using an ultrasonicator. The prepared ZnO nanoparticles are characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The particle size distribution and ultrasonic parameters of the synthesised nanofluid are measured with the help of acoustic particle sizer (APS-100) and ultrasonic interferometer. The observed features of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO-EG nanofluids are discussed in correlation with known properties of other nanofluids.     

Investigation on Stability and Optical Properties of Titanium Dioxide and Aluminum Oxide Water-Based Nanofluids

Water is regarded as a poor absorber of solar energy. This affects the efficiency of solar thermal systems. The addition of nanoparticles to heat transfer fluids used in solar thermal systems can enhance their optical properties. These new-generation heat transfer fluids are known as nanofluids. The present study investigates the stability and optical properties of three nanofluids, including aluminum oxide (13 nm and <50 nm) and titanium dioxide (21 nm) nanofluids. The stability of the nanofluids was observed through a photo-capturing method and zeta potential measurements. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance and transmittance of the prepared nanofluids. The effect of factors such as type of particle, type of surfactant, and pH of the solution on the optical properties of the nanofluids was also investigated. We found that the titanium dioxide nanofluid had better optical properties but lower stability compared to aluminum oxide nanofluids.     

Acoustics and rheological studies of aqueous ethylene glycol blend copper oxide nanofluids

Experimental investigations have been performed to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles by conventional chemical precipitation method and nanofluids were prepared by two-step method using CuO nanoparticles in different proportions of ethylene glycol–water mixtures (EG–water). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size, and zeta potential analysis have been studied to characterize both solid and fluid samples for their sizes, shapes, stability, and arrangement. Besides, acoustics and rheological properties such as ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity have been measured for all fluid samples at three different temperatures. Interpretations of all these parameters have been made on the basis of particle stability and dispersion capacity of nanoparticles in different proportions of base fluids. The variation of dynamic viscosity with shear rate shows the nanofluids to be behaved like non-Newtonian fluids at very less shear rate but shows Newtonian behavior as the shear rate increases.