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有机复合摩擦材料及其研究现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
摩擦材料在运动机械和装备中起传动、制动、减速、驻车等作用,是汽车、火车制动的关键性材料,随着国内外车辆高速、重载技术的不断发展,现代工业对摩擦材料的使用要求也越来越高。立足于有机复合摩擦材料的发展及研究现状,从配方设计、制备工艺等因素分析影响摩擦材料的性能和机理,并探索有机复合摩擦材料的研发趋势,力争为我国在有机复合摩擦材料的研究提供参考经验和思路。 相似文献
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以酚醛树脂(YSM)为树脂基体,以硫酸钙晶须(CSW)为增强材料,以石墨、粉煤灰、重晶石(BaSO4)等作为填料,采用热压成型工艺法制备树脂基摩擦材料,利用扫描电子显微镜对树脂基摩擦材料的磨损表面进行了微观分析。结果表明:随着硫酸钙晶须含量的增加,摩擦材料的耐磨性能增强,摩擦系数稍有减少,热稳定性明显改善;当硫酸钙晶须含量为8%时,树脂基复合摩擦材料摩擦磨损综合性能最佳。 相似文献
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采用响应面法结合Design-Expert软件对一种有机高摩擦复合材料进行研究,在MMS-2A摩擦磨损试验机上测试材料的摩擦性能,并建立制备工艺参数与摩擦因数、比磨损率之间的二次回归模型。结果表明:二次回归模型的预测值与实验值之间的相关性可达91.97%与87.85%,具有较好的拟合精度;热压工艺中成型温度与成型时间具有显著的交互作用。通过金相显微镜、SEM、3D激光共聚焦显微镜、洛氏硬度计等对磨损表面进行形貌观察和磨损机理分析,发现成型压力、成型温度与成型时间影响复合材料的界面性能,致使摩擦材料表现出不同的摩擦磨损特性。由响应面法结合磨损机理分析得到该材料制备的最优工艺参数为:成型压力19~25MPa,成型温度165~174℃,成型时间18~22min。 相似文献
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以玻璃纤维、 铜纤维、 矿物纤维、 芳纶纤维、 纳米钛酸钾晶须和片状蛭石等制备多维复合增强非石棉有机汽车摩擦材料, 构成具有“微米和纳米”尺度、 “一维(纤维)和二维(片状)”形态、 “无机和有机”材质的多维复合增强体系。基于材料的力学和摩擦磨损性能测试结果, 通过回归模型分析对复合体系配方进行了优化。通过材料的内部结构和摩擦面的形貌观察, 分析了多维复合增强体系提高材料力学和摩擦磨损性能的内在机制。结果表明, 通过优化配方, 各增强相之间表现出良好的混合和协同效应, 优化多维复合增强汽车摩擦材料的冲击强度为0.54J/cm2、 总磨损率为1.35×10-7cm3/(N·m)、 摩擦系数的变异系数为5.86%。 相似文献
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以普通酚醛树脂、硼改性酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺改性酚醛树脂为黏结剂,以陶瓷纤维为增强纤维,制备了3种酚醛树脂陶瓷摩擦材料。对其冲击韧性和硬度进行实验测试,采用摩擦磨损试验机考察其摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪分析其磨损表面形貌及其成分,并探讨其磨损机制。结果表明:硼改性酚醛树脂黏结剂能够提高摩擦材料的硬度,三聚氰胺改性酚醛树脂黏结剂能够提高摩擦材料的冲击韧性,降低摩擦材料硬度;在摩擦过程中三聚氰胺改性酚醛树脂在高温下炭化,在摩擦材料表面形成一层致密的摩擦层,摩擦层的存在使摩擦材料的摩擦因数相对比较稳定,降低了摩擦材料的磨损率。 相似文献
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以碳纤维为原料,设计织造碳纤维体积含量约50%的浅交弯联和深交联两种典型的2.5维(2.5D)机织物,优选基体材料组分和配方,采用溶液浸渍、真空辅助相结合的成型工艺,制备出新型2.5D碳纤维机织物酚醛树脂基摩擦材料。测试了预制体的密度、摩擦材料的孔隙率和密度;研究了摩擦材料弯曲、剪切性能,并分析其细观形态及破坏机理。结果表明:浅交弯联碳布密度为0.79g/cm3,深交联碳布密度为0.84g/cm3;对应的复合材料密度分别为1.44和1.37g/cm3。相同碳纤维体积含量的深交联摩擦材料的孔隙率略大于浅交弯联。在纤维体积含量相同的情况下,相较于浅交弯联摩擦材料,深交联结构具有较大的剪切强度和抗弯强度;而在弯曲载荷作用下,浅交弯联摩擦材料表现为缓慢破坏,具有较好的稳定性。 相似文献
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为了提高铜基摩擦材料在高速干摩擦条件下的耐磨性能和具有稳定的摩擦系数,通过粉末冶金方法,制备了铜-SiO2摩擦材料.在摩擦速度为1.6~47.1 m/s条件下,研究了SiO2含量、粒度及摩擦方式对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响.研究表明:材料的摩擦系数和磨损率随着SiO2含量的增加而略有增大;SiO2颗粒尺寸的变化,对摩擦系数影响不显著;摩擦方式对材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响明显.SiO2含量增加有利于提高摩擦系数归因于增加了摩擦面高硬度质点的数量.干摩擦条件下影响材料摩擦磨损性能的一个重要因素是摩擦方式.在高速摩擦条件下,形成的第三体组织致密而连续,这种致密而连续的第三体有利于降低磨损量,并明显降低由于摩擦速度不同而导致的摩擦系数的波动程度. 相似文献
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Nanostructured (ns) materials, i.e., polycrystalline materials with grain sizes in the nanometer regime (typically below 100 nm), have drawn considerable attention in the past decades due to their unique properties such as high strength and hardness. Wear resistance of ns materials, one of the most important properties for engineering materials, has been extensively investigated in the past decades. Obvious differences have been identified in friction and wear behaviors Between the ns materials and their corresponding coarse-grained (cg) counterparts, consistently correlating with their unique structure characteristics and mechanical properties. On the other hand, the superior tribological properties of ns materials illustrate their potential applications under contact loads. The present overview will summarize the important progresses achieved on friction and wear behaviors of ns metallic materials, including ultrafine-grained (ufg) materials in recent years. Tribological properties and effects on friction and wear behaviors of ns materials will be discussed under different wear conditions including abrasive wear, sliding wear, and fretting wear. Their correlations with mechanical properties will be analyzed. Perspectives on development of this field will be highlighted as well. 相似文献
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The effects of high-frequency ultrasonic peening (HFUP) on the tribological characteristics of Cu-based materials sintered on low carbon steel by a powder metallurgy (P/M) technique were investigated. The friction and wear properties of the Cu-based materials were studied using a pin-on-disk reciprocating tribotester sliding against a hardened steel ball under dry and oil-lubricated conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to analyze the worn surfaces and to assess the wear mechanisms. Experimental results showed that the HFUP process led to a reduction in friction and wear of the Cu-based materials in both dry and oil-lubricated conditions. This was attributed to the increase in hardness of the HFUP treated specimen. It was also found that the friction coefficient was independent of the normal load but decreased with increasing sliding speed. In addition, inclusion of Fe in the Cu-based material was helpful in reduction of friction and wear. SEM analyses showed that abrasive wear was the dominant wear mechanism of the specimens. The results of this work demonstrate the effectiveness of HFUP in improving the tribological properties of Cu-based materials. 相似文献
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研究了3种核主泵用机械密封陶瓷材料(氮化硅、氧化铝和碳化硅)在室温干摩擦条件下及水润滑条件下分别与氮化硅陶瓷球对磨的摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明,在与氮化硅球干摩擦的3种材料中氧化铝陶瓷具有最大的摩擦系数和最小的磨损质量,氮化硅具有最小的摩擦系数。在氮化硅陶瓷自配对摩擦副摩擦磨损试验中,水润滑条件下氮化硅摩擦系数及摩擦质量损失都有很大程度的减小,且摩擦系数随转速增加而减小。综合考虑力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,选择氮化硅陶瓷作为核主泵机械密封材料更合适。 相似文献
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目的 研究干摩擦条件下不同AlTiN/AlCrN多层膜纳米调制结构对摩擦磨损行为的影响。方法 将处理过的合金工具钢和单晶硅片作为膜层生长的基底材料,在膜层制备之前,先对基底材料进行预处理,然后使用多靶磁控溅射纳米膜层系统沉积一系列不同调制周期和调制比的AlTiN/AlCrN纳米多层膜。通过控制涂层总厚度不变,在调制比为1︰1时,设计不同的调制周期,择优选出磨损量最小、耐磨性最好的调制周期,并以此为恒定值,进而设计不同调制比的试样。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、摩擦磨损试验机分析与表征纳米多层膜的微观结构和性能,研究调制周期和调制比对AlTiN/AlCrN纳米多层膜微观结构和干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果 AlTiN/AlCrN纳米多层膜主体均为面心立方结构,且在(111)、(200)和(220)晶面择优取向。调制结构对多层膜的磨损特性影响较大,当调制周期为14.4 nm时,在干摩擦条件下AlTiN/AlCrN纳米多层膜的摩擦磨损量最小;在调制周期恒定为14.4 nm情况下,当调制比为3︰1时,在干摩擦条件下AlTiN/AlCrN纳米多层膜的耐磨性能最好;AlTiN/AlCrN纳米多层膜的磨损机理主要以磨粒磨损和黏附磨损为主。结论 优化的AlTiN/AlCrN多层膜纳米调制结构技术可应用在切削刀具的表面再制造领域,从而延长刀具工作寿命,通过涂层良好的耐磨性能提升设备的加工效率。 相似文献
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以铜基粉末冶金/铬青铜为摩擦副,在销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上进行了载流摩擦学特性研究。在多种试验条件下对载流摩擦磨损中影响起弧的因素进行了分析。结果表明,载荷主要是通过影响接触状态和摩擦副表面温度,进而影响材料的电弧性能。载荷有一个最佳值,在此载荷条件下燃弧率、电弧能量、摩擦系数、质量磨损率均最小;电流在两电极间产生电场是形成电弧放电的必要条件,电流主要影响了摩擦副的表面温度,从而使摩擦副表面状态变差。 相似文献
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为了提高环氧树脂(EP)基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,制备低成本耐磨材料,选用纳米SiO2粒子和竹纤维(BF)等作为填料,制备了纳米SiO2-BF/EP复合材料。通过摩擦磨损测试仪、动态热机械分析仪和SEM研究了纳米粒子和纤维对复合材料的耐磨性能、热学性能及微观结构的影响。研究结果表明:单独加入BF后,BF/EP复合材料的体积磨损较同条件下的纯EP大幅度降低,最多可降低71%;同时加入SiO2纳米粒子和BF后,对纳米SiO2-BF/EP复合材料的玻璃化转变温度和体积磨损影响显著,玻璃化转变温度比纯EP提高了11℃,达到了124℃,体积磨损较同条件下的纯EP下降了约75.3%。 相似文献
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ALI Erdemir 《材料保护》2004,37(Z2)
Increasingly more demanding and very stringent operating conditions envisioned for future mechanical and tribological systems will certainly require new materials and coatings that are superhard and at the same time self-lubricating.For example, dry machining is a much desired practice in manufacturing sector, but it is currently very difficult to realize mainly because of high friction and severe wear losses. However, recent advances in surface engineering and coating technologies may enable design and production of novel coatings architectures that can combine superhardness with self-lubricating properties in both the disordered or nanostructured forms. Recently developed nearly frictionless carbon films, ultrananocrystalline diamond and carbide derived carbon films can dramatically lower friction and at the same time reduce wear under very harsh sliding conditions. These coatings can be formulated in such a way that they can substantially increase the load-bearing capacity of sliding surfaces and hence improve their resistance to scuffing. It is also possible to design nano-composite coatings that can form self-replenishing and-lubricating tribofilms on their sliding surfaces and thus help increase the overall lubricity of these surfaces. In this paper, an overview of recent advances in disordered and nanostructured carbon films will be presented. Specific examples will be given to demonstrate the superior performance and durability of such novel coatings under a very wide range of tribological conditions. The major emphasis is placed on super low friction carbon films. The fundamental tribological mechanisms that control their exceptional friction and wear behaviors are also discussed. 相似文献