大块非晶合金的性能、制备及应用

综述了大块非晶合金的性能、制备方法及应用，对比了吸铸法制备的棒状Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5,Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ti5,Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10(原子分数)大块非晶样品的过冷温度区间宽度(△Tx)，给出了3种大块非晶合金系列的热稳定性参数Tg、Tx及△Tx，提出了大块非晶合金领域存在的问题及发展方向．     

大块非晶合金复杂应力状态塑性本构方程

为得到复杂应力状态下大块非晶合金的塑性本构方程,对Zr41.2Ti13.8Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5大块非晶合金进行简单拉伸、压缩和扭转实验,得到相应的一维本构关系,并应用弹塑性力学的相关理论,将一维本构方程延拓到多维应力空间.研究结果表明:该材料符合Mises屈服条件并具有强化特性;利用简单压缩和扭转实验结果可推导出材料在复杂应力状态下的塑性本构方程,且这两个塑性本构方程是一致的.     

ZrTiCuNiBe块体非晶合金的热电阻特性及电子结构

为了揭示ZrTiCuNiBe块体非晶合金的物理性能,利用电弧炉熔炼及铜模快速铸造的方法,制备Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5块状非晶合金.通过测量热电阻系数和电子能谱,研究了块体非晶合金的热电阻特性和电子结构.研究表明:电阻率随着温度升高而降低,紧临晶化前未出现电阻率极大现象;块体非晶态合金与晶态纯金属相比,锆的电子结合能不发生变化,其余元素电子结构明显改变.     

含Be多元合金非晶形成能力的替代效应研究

利用晶胞平移和分子动力学模拟建立了Zr4lTil3.8Be22.5Ni17.5Cu5．2晶态和非晶合金的原子结构模型，利用递归方法研究了Zr4lTi13.8Be22．5Ni17．5Cu5．2晶态及非晶态合金中元素的替代效应．Be与B、Al、Si状态密度形状相似表明Be与B、Al、Si具有相似的性质，可以用Al、B、Si代替Be；非晶态相对于晶态的结构能差表明，用Al、B、Si代替Be后均使合金的非晶形成能力下降，只是Al、B下降的幅度较小；用Al、B替代Be，再用其它过渡金属替代Cu、Ni或zr、Ti可使非晶形成能力达到含Be合金的水平．     

应变能密度比准则在块体非晶合金中的应用

由于块体非晶合金独特的原子排列结构,导致其具有独特的力学行为。多年来,国内外研究人员对块体非晶合金的断裂行为进行了一系列的研究,并取得了一定的成果。本文简单介绍了近年来国内外针对块体非晶合金断裂准则的研究状况,随后比较全面地介绍了应变能密度比失效准则,并推导了遵循该准则时断裂角θT(载荷方向与断裂面的夹角)与α(断裂面剪应力与正应力的比值)应满足的关系,最后利用Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu10.0Ni12.5Be22.5块体非晶合金的拉伸实验和已有的实验结果,证实了块体非晶合金遵循应变能密度比失效准则。     

Ti-Zr-Be-Cu-Co块体非晶合金在NaCl溶液中的冲刷腐蚀行为

为评价Ti基块体非晶合金的耐蚀性,以期今后在工业生产中的应用,采用失重法研究了Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金及其对应晶体成分在质量分数6%Na Cl溶液中0.2、0.4、0.6 m/s流速下的冲刷腐蚀行为.利用X射线分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金及其对应晶体成分的相结构、微观腐蚀形貌,并利用电化学极化试验测试2种合金冲刷腐蚀后的耐蚀性.结果表明:随着流速的增加,2种合金的腐蚀速度均升高,其中非晶合金出现最大腐蚀速度峰值的时间由无冲刷状态的32 h缩短到流速为0.6 m/s下的10 h,Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金腐蚀速度较对应晶体成分小;Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金较对应晶体成分在质量分数6%NaCl溶液中具有更好的耐蚀性.     

具有大过冷液相温度区间的Cu基大块非晶合金的制备和机械性能

利用铜模铸造方法制备了具有大过冷液相温度区间的Cu-Zr-Ti-Ni系高强度Cu基大块非晶合金,对于Cu55Zr55Ti15Ni5合金,最大直径达5mm.过冷液相区温度范围ΔTx达45.48～70.98 K.Cu基玻璃合金棒表现出非常高的机械性能和明显的塑性,对于Cu50Zr25Ti15Ni10、Cu55Zr25Ti15Ni5和Cu54Zr22Ti18Ni6合金,压缩断裂强度分别达2155MPa、2026MPa和1904MPa,维氏硬度分别达674、678和685.加入Co元素扩大了CuZr-Ti-Ni系合金的ΔTx,Cu50Zr22Ti18Ni6Co4合金的ΔTx高达74.5K.     

锆基大块非晶合金及其晶化合金在0.5mol/L H2SO4中的腐蚀行为研究

根据合金的DSC曲线制定了Zr60Al15Ni25、Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5和Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15等锆基大块非晶合金的等温退火工艺,获得了与非晶态合金具有相同成分的晶化合金。通过研究非晶态合金和晶化合金在0.5mol/L H2SO4中的极化曲线,结合扫描电镜(SEM)和能量散射X射线谱(EDS)分析,发现,在0.5mol/LH2SO4中非晶态合金和晶化合金都具有非常优异的耐腐蚀性能,但非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能要比晶化合金稍好。这主要是因为晶态合金的结构中不存在晶界、位错等缺陷,同时非晶态合金中的组元具有很高的活性,使合金更快地进入钝态。     

余属玻璃断裂时的光发射源于断裂引发位材料的热解

美国加利福尼亚大学的研究人员在一项光发射研究中，使用一整块金属玻璃Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 测定发现，在动态断裂过程中，在空气中产生强烈的光发射与断裂过程中暴露的新鲜材料的热解有关。研究人员测定这些锆基非晶态合金（从铸态板机加工成有V型切口的冲击样品，50mm×10mm×8mm)，在室内空气中和氮气中，以-3·5m／s     

块体非晶合金剪切带温度的变化分析

通过对Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5(Vit 1)压缩实验,发现应力-应变关系曲线的锯齿流变特性随应变的增加而更为明显。并通过对简单剪切断裂面的分析,表明在剪切滑移过程中剪切带有一个形核和生长的过程。采用剪切带逐步扩展模型计算剪切带中温度的变化,通过计算表明剪切带形成中前期的温升不足以达到非晶合金的熔点,且剪切带温升与单个锯齿卸载部分形成过程所持续的时间和每次剪切滑移过程中载荷的变化量紧密相关。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.