Si(111)—(7×7)表面结构的研究

我们用自制的低能电子衍射(LEED)仪观察到Si(111)面的(1×1)和(7×7)结构结构以及过渡结构的LEED图样。本文介绍获得这种结构的处理方法,给出观察结果并进行了初步的讨论。     

Fe在Cu(110)面上沉积的结构研究

当Fe蒸发到Cu（110）面上，可观察到两种不同的有序结构，在一个单层Fe覆盖度时，可以得到清楚的（1×1）LEED图像；当Fe的覆盖度增大到两个单层，并在200℃保持10min后，可以观察到（6×1）LEED图像。ARAES的结果表明，（6×1）LEED的结构不是由于Fe原于向体内扩散或是Cu原于向表面偏析，而是由于每6个表面Fe原子沿（100）晶向的微小收缩。ARUPS的结果表明，当CU（110）表面沉积Fe后，在费米能级附近杂化后的Cu4s信号强度增加，在Cu3d带附近没有观察到新的电子态。     

总电流谱仪的研制

用经过改进的LEED装置和本校自制的WF-1型功函数测试仪研制成总电流谱仪。得到了Si(111)7×7再构表面的总电流谱,结果与有关文献报道相近。     

Si3N4／Si表面Ge生长过程的STM研究

利用STM和LEED分析了Ge在Si3N4/Si(111)和Si3N4/Si(100)表面生长过程的结构演变,在生长早期,Ge在两种衬底表面上都形成高密度的三维纳米团簇,这些团簇的大小均在几个纳米范围内,并在高温退火时积增大,当生长继续围内形成以（111）方向为主的晶面,相反,在非晶的Si3N4表面,Ge的（111）晶向的小面生长比其他方向优先,最后在大范围内形成以（111）方向为主的晶面,相反,在非晶的Si3N4表面,即Si3N4/Si(100),Ge晶体的高指数侧面生长较顶面快,最终形成金字塔形的岛结构,对这样的表面生长过程进行了探讨给出合理的物理解释。     

反光电子谱仪的研制

用经过改进的LEED装置和自制的9.8eV光子探测器研制成反光电子谱仪。测得了Si(111)7×7清洁表面的反光电子谱。     

Si(111) 衬底上3C-SiC的超低压低温外延生长

研究了发展一种Si衬底上低温外延生长3C－SiC的方法。采用LPCVD生长系统，以SiH4和C2H4为气源，在超低压（30Pa) ,低温（900℃）的条件下，在Si(111衬底上外延生长出高质量的3C－SiC薄膜材料。采用俄歇能谱（AES），X射线衍射（XRD）和原子力显微镜（AFM）等分析手段研究了SiC薄膜的外延层组分，晶体结构及其表面形貌。AES结果表明薄膜中的Si/C的原子比例符合SiC的理想化学计量比，XRD结果显示了3C－SiC外延薄膜的良好晶体结构，AFM揭示了3C－SiC薄膜的良好的表面形貌。     

Si(111)-7×7表面按格点标识的结合能

利用半经验的紧束缚理论，实现了将结合能这一基本物理量向格点展开，即获得按格点标识的结合能，用这种方法计算原子的局域结合能比常现方法简单得多；同时应用于Si（111）表面原子能量的计算，并与原子操纵实验作了比较。     

Ag/Si(100)的结构以及银与硅衬底的相互作用

在Si(100)2×1再构面上蒸发银,除了得到Ag(111)1×1结构外,还发现了Ag(111)3×1再构,LEED和UPS分析表明界面上可能存在银原子与硅衬底的相互作用。     

氢离子束对Mo-Si多层膜界面改性的研究

为了研究氢离子束轰击Mo-Si多层膜界面的情况，采用氢离子束（能量150eV）轰击Si表面，即Si与Mo之界面。再用Kr离子束溅射刻蚀，并用俄歇电子能谱（AES）分析。实验结果说明氢离子束对Si表面轰击能有效防止界面混杂效应（intermixingeffect）。进而说明这是制备软X射线多层膜反射镜过程中解决界面混杂问题的有效途径。     

热丝CVD法低温制备的多晶硅薄膜质量对衬底依赖性的研究

以SiH4和H2作为反应气体,采用HWCVD的方法分别在石英玻璃、AZO、Si（100）和Si（111）衬底上制备了多晶硅薄膜。利用X射线衍射（XRD）,拉曼（Raman）光谱和傅里叶红外（FT-IR）吸收光谱研究了不同衬底对多晶硅薄膜的择优取向、晶化率和应力的影响,用SEM观察了多晶硅薄膜的表面形貌。研究发现在4种衬底上生长的多晶硅薄膜均为（111）择优取向。单晶硅片对多晶硅薄膜有很强的诱导作用,并且Si（111）的诱导作用优于Si（100）的诱导作用。AZO对多晶硅薄膜生长也有一定的诱导作用。通过计算薄膜晶态比,得到除以石英为衬底的样品外,其它3种样品的晶态比均在90%以上,尤其以单晶硅片为衬底的样品更高。石英玻璃、AZO和Si（100）上生长的多晶硅薄膜中均存在压应力。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.