边主梁叠合梁涡振性能气动优化措施风洞试验研究

以某大跨双边主梁钢混叠合梁斜拉桥为工程背景,通过风洞试验研究钝体主梁断面的涡振性能并提出合理的气动优化措施。试验发现边主梁叠合梁开口截面主梁在低风速下容易发生涡激共振,且随攻角由正变负涡振性能愈发不利。气动措施优化结果表明边主梁底部设置外侧设置水平稳定板比在内侧设置水平稳定板效果明显。而梁底竖向稳定板对竖向涡振起到一定抑制作用,但是却导致扭转涡振加剧;检修道栏杆顶部抑流板的制涡效果优于在梁底设置水平稳定板,说明主梁断面上部构造对其涡振性能影响更显著。而在边主梁两侧设置风嘴,其制涡效果最好,涡振幅值抑制率达80%。     

π型断面超高斜拉桥涡振减振措施风洞试验研究

π型主梁断面涡激共振是影响其在大跨度桥梁中广泛使用的重要因素之一。以某大跨度超高三塔斜拉桥为工程背景,采用节段模型测试了施工状态主梁涡振性能,试验发现在设计风速范围内主梁存在明显的竖向涡激共振现象,且在规范规定的阻尼比范围内涡振振幅均大于规范限值;为抑制主梁涡振,设计了隔流板和下稳定板等气动减振措施。结果表明:一定宽度的隔流板虽然能降低主梁涡激共振振幅,但其减振效果有限;两道一定长度的下稳定板能较好的抑制主梁涡激共振,且满足颤振稳定性要求;最后,结合数值模拟的方法对涡振发生及减振机理进行了初步探讨。     

气动措施抑制桥梁涡振机理研究

通过表面测压方法研究了桥梁主梁基本断面、添加抑流板或导流板后断面的涡激共振特性;基于三种断面不同风速各测点压力时程,综合对比分析脉动压力系数均值、标准差、功率谱及局部与总体气动力相关性对涡振的影响,揭示了扭转涡振及气动措施抑振的机理。研究发现:扭转涡振的根本原因是上表面上游的分离使得中游和下游区域压力脉动非常强烈,各测点脉动压力具有相同卓越频率,且与总体气动力具有良好的相关性;抑流板改善了上表面流场分布,有效抑制了涡振;而导流板对上表面流场基本无影响,未能抑制涡振。     

π型开口截面斜拉桥弯扭耦合涡激共振及气动减振措施研究

针对某大跨径π型叠合梁斜拉桥的气动性能,利用刚性节段模型针对其成桥状态展开了系统的风洞试验研究。试验结果表明,该桥主梁在设计风速范围内存在明显的竖弯及扭转耦合涡激共振现象,即使将竖弯以及扭转阻尼比提高到1%左右,仍然存在明显的涡激共振现象并且振幅超过规范限值。频谱分析表明,该桥主梁断面的竖弯和扭转耦合涡激共振的频率是一致的,其涡振“锁定”的频率接近竖向固有频率。探讨分析了主梁断面的弯扭耦合共振频率特性及成因。通过风洞试验对包括中央稳定板、边稳定板以及导流板在内的一系列气动减振措施进行了参数化的研究,并提出了最优的减振方案,有效抑制了该桥的涡激共振现象。研究成果可为类似桥梁断面涡激共振减振设计提供参考。     

稳定板对带式输送机边主梁斜拉桥涡振性能影响机理的研究

为研究稳定板对桥面安装带式输送机的边主梁斜拉桥涡振(vortex inducedvibration, VIV)性能影响的机理,通过节段模型测压试验获取边主梁表面压力时程,综合对比分析不同稳定板工况下断面脉动压力系数均值、标准差、功率谱、局部与总体气动力的相关性,并揭示下稳定板对边主梁桥的抑振机理。研究发现：该类型主梁竖弯涡激共振发生的原因为上表面前部分离与再附区域强烈的压力脉动,下表面前部气动力与总体气动力的强相关性及后部具有明显相关性的强烈的压力脉动;梁底布置一道稳定板能显著降低断面压力脉动,布置两道稳定板断面压力脉动进一步降低,从而大幅抑制涡振;梁底布置三道稳定板促进了气流在下游风嘴处的再附,断面压力脉动被大幅削弱,局部气动力与总体气动力相关性被显著破坏,从而有效抑制涡振。     

桥面横向连接对双幅桥梁抗风性能的影响

以泉州海湾桥两种结构形式双幅桥面主梁方案为背景,通过数值计算研究了两种双幅桥面结构的结构动力特性;通过风洞试验研究了桥梁颤振稳定性和涡激共振性能。研究结果表明,是否存在桥面横向连接对双幅桥的结构固有动力特性影响较大,无横向连接双幅桥面较有横向连接双幅桥面的模态特征更复杂,其竖弯和扭转基频均会出现双幅桥面同向运动和反向运动两种模态;在气流作用下,无横向连接双幅桥面和有横向连接双幅桥面的主梁运动形式不同,两种结构形式双幅桥面的颤振稳定性能和涡激共振性能存在显著差异,双幅有横向连接主梁的气动稳定性优于双幅无横向连接主梁,但前者的涡激共振性能要差于后者。     

大跨度公铁两用双层钢桁桥涡激振动控制研究

桥梁的涡激振动主要受到主梁断面的气动外形、结构动力特性与来流特性的影响,而大跨桥梁是典型的风致敏感结构,所以在大跨度桥梁的设计中应当引起重视。以某大跨度公铁两用双层板桁组合桁架桥为背景,在XNJD-1回流串联风洞中进行了风洞试验,研究了该主梁的涡激振动现象。通过计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)数值模拟分析了其主梁断面的涡激振动机理,并且将展向周期摄动法应用于钢桁梁的涡激振动控制,采取了一系列气动控制措施来抑制主梁的涡激振动,其中L型分流板与波浪形风嘴完全抑制了主梁的涡激振动。还通过风洞试验研究了波浪形风嘴的几何参数对抑振效果的影响,试验结果表明,波浪形风嘴的抑振效果对幅值变化比较敏感,增大幅值可以有效抑制主梁的涡激振动。     

梁侧导流板对π型叠合梁断面涡振性能影响及抑振机理研究EI北大核心CSCD

具有开口形式的π型断面是一种易发生涡激振动(vortex-induced vibrations,VIVs)的钝体断面。为了准确把握某主跨520 m的π型叠合梁斜拉桥的涡振性能,开展了1∶25大尺度节段模型风洞试验,比较了在边主梁侧面布置不同的导流板(即梁侧导流板)对主梁涡振性能的影响。试验结果表明,原设计断面在-3°和-5°风攻角下存在显著的竖向涡振现象。当设置宽度为1.5 m、水平倾角为35°的梁侧导流板后,主梁在不同风攻角下均未发生涡振。通过对主梁绕流场数值模拟初步探讨了主梁发生竖向涡振的原因及导流板的抑振机理。模拟结果表明,导流板能够减小主梁底部区域旋涡的尺寸,使主梁上、下表面周期性压力差和气动力显著减小,从而削弱了诱发主梁涡振的条件,起到了抑制主梁竖向涡振的作用。该研究结果可为π型叠合梁断面的涡振抑振措施设计提供参考。     

Π型钢-混叠合梁斜拉桥涡振性能及整流罩制振措施研究EI北大核心CSCD

大跨度Π型钢-混叠合梁斜拉桥存在常遇风速下的涡激振动(vortex-induced vibration,VIV)。为了抑制涡激振动,采用1∶50节段模型风洞试验,研究了不同气动措施对主梁涡振制振的作用,包括下稳定板、导流板、裙板、整流罩等措施。试验结果表明,只有整流罩与下中央稳定板的组合气动措施能在不同风攻角和0.66%的阻尼条件下,将主梁的竖弯与扭转涡振振幅同时降低75%以上。在此基础上,通过提高整流罩竖板高度优化了该制振措施,继而开展的1∶20节段模型风洞试验的结果表明,优化后的措施能够完全消除Π型叠合梁在不同风攻角和0.5%小阻尼比下的涡激振动。最后,数值计算的结果表明,优化后的整流罩组合措施能够同时降低主梁上、下表面旋涡脱落尺寸,并显著减小主梁受到的周期性涡激力,从而达到抑制主梁涡振的效果。研究成果可为Π型钢-混叠合梁斜拉桥的涡振制振措施设计提供参考。     

大跨主梁沿跨向涡振Scanlan非线性模型应用

摘要 柔性大跨主梁在低速横风作用下易发生涡激振动,尽管不会导致毁灭性的破坏,但会引起结构疲劳或影响正常使用。基于Scanlan非线性涡振模型,引入Wilkinson涡激力相关性函数,推导大跨主梁沿跨向锁定状态竖向、扭转涡振一次理论近似解,分析相应气动参数识别方法。以一大跨斜拉桥为例,根据主梁节段模型涡振试验识别气动参数,计算沿主梁跨向竖向涡振响应。     

Interaction between a liquid and a cylindrical body touching a wall

An exact solution is obtained for the problem of interaction between the ideal liquid homogeneously moving at infinity and streamlining a round cylinder touching a solid wall.     

Stress analysis of a strip with a step and a crack

Stress analysis for a strip of which widths are different at the right and left handsides is carried out for before and after occurrence of a crack at a corner of a step. The strip is analyzed as a thin plate bending problem subject to transverse bending and torsion, and as a plane eleastic problem subject to bending in the plane and uniaxial tension. The rational mapping function of a sum of fractional expressions and complex variable method are used. Stress distribution and stress intensity factors are obtained.     

Calculation of a transient in a two-pole network with a thermistor

An analytical expression is derived which describes the variation of the thermistor temperature during a relay-effect transient process following an instantaneous change in the supply voltage in an R — R_T two-pole network.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 465–472, March, 1980.     

Imaging a point to a line with a single spherical mirror

Methods for imaging a single point source to a line image are discussed, and a design study of single spherical mirror systems that form aberration-free line images is presented. An expression forthe ray density along the line image is derived for such systems in the cases of (i) uniform beam profiles and (ii) Gaussian beam profiles. The resulting ray density profiles are illustrated for single spherical mirror systems over a wide range of design parameters.     

Influence lines for bending under a ring load of a free shell,a shell embedded in a soft medium and a shell containing a soft core

Summary Theoretical expressions for stresses and displacements have been derived for bending under a ring load of a free shell, a shell embedded in a soft medium, and a shell containing a soft core. Numerical work has been done for typical cases with anElliot 803 Digital Computer and influence lines are drawn therefrom.

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Einflußlinien für die Biegung einer freien Schale, einer Schale in einer weichen Bettung und einer Schale mit weichem Kern

Zusammenfassung Für die Biegung einer freien Schale, einer weich gebetteten Schale und einer Schale mit weichem Kern unter einer Ringlast werden Ausdrücke für die Spannungen und Verschiebungen hergeleitet. Die Ergebnisse wurden für einige typische Fälle mit einem DigitalrechnerElliot 803 numerisch ausgewertet. Die sich ergebenden Einflußlinien wurden graphisch dargestellt.

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Nomenclature A (),B () Functions of - a, t Mean radius and thickness of the shell - E _S , _S Young's modulus andPoisson's ratio of the shell - G _c , _c Shear modulus andPoisson's ratio of the casting or core - I ₀ (r),I ₁ (r) ModifiedBessel functions of the first kind and order zero and one respectively - K ₀ (r),K ₁ (r) ModifiedBessel functions of the second kind and order zero and one respectively - p Ring load, lb/in - U, W Displacement components in the casing or core in thez andr direction - u, w Displacement components of a middle surface point in the shell - _r , _rz Radial and shearing stress components - Independent variable of infinite integrals - k [3(1–S ²)a ²/t ²]^1/4 With 13 Figures     

Analysis of a Premature Failure of a Hub from a Diesel Generator of a High-Speed Motor Ship

Failure analysis is carried out on a fractured hub obtained from a diesel generator of a high-speed motor ship. Macrofractography, microfractography, standard optical metallography, material characterization techniques, and numerical modeling were used to verify the findings of the current investigation. Cracking initiation is attributed to fretting fatigue caused by a modification performed in the vicinity of the fractured hub. Operational vibrations contributed to the propagation of the cracks as typical fatigue cracks until final fracture.     

Piercing a metallic barrier with a jet of a dilute polymer solution

Results are shown pertaining to the action of jets of dilute polymer solutions on solid barriers. The piercing of a barrier is explained by the viscoelastic properties of aggregates which, during an impact, behave like solid particles.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1090–1094, December, 1973.     

Interaction between a cylindrical shell in a fluid and a pulsating bubble

The dynamic behavior of a cylindrical fluid-immersed shell in a pressure wave initiated by a pulsating vapor-gas bubble that develops as a result of the action of laser radiation on the absorbing medium (metal) is examined experimentally and theoretically. The results of the experiments suggest that the amplitude of the shock wave that develops as a result of complete or partial vaporization of the absorbing medium is appreciably smaller than the amplitude of the waves due to pulsations of the bubble that is formed. Experimental data on the pattern of structural deformation are confirmed by calculations. The effect of load simulation on the behavior of the shell is established according to computational data.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 6, pp. 116–120, June, 1990.