基于阶次和传递路径分析的电驱动总成对车内噪声影响

为了探究电驱动总成对车内噪声的影响,对某纯电动汽车进行急加速工况下的试验研究。基于阶次分析确定车内噪声与电驱动总成振动噪声之间的关联,并识别电驱动总成对车内噪声影响较大的激励;基于奇异值分解改进的工况传递路径分析（Operational Transfer Path Analysis,OTPA)方法,分析对车内噪声影响最大的激励通过结构路径和空气路径对车内噪声的贡献情况。结果表明由空间0阶径向电磁力引起的频率24阶激励和48阶激励对车内噪声影响较大,其中24阶激励影响最大。在低转速区间,24阶振动激励和24阶声学激励通过结构路径对车内噪声贡献和通过空气路径基本一致;在中高转速区间,24阶声学激励通过空气路径对车内噪声贡献较大;在高转速区间,24阶振动激励通过后悬置Z方向结构路径对车内噪声贡献较大。研究结果从激励源和传递路径两个方面为降低纯电动汽车车内噪声指明方向。     

隧道内地铁列车车内噪声预测分析

为研究隧道内地铁列车车内噪声特性,建立了隧道-车体有限元-边界元声学分析模型。基于地铁B型车车轨耦合模型和现场试验获取车体二系悬挂力激励和轮轨噪声激励,将激励施加到车体计算分析车内噪声,以广州轨道交通7号线列车噪声试验数据对仿真分析结果进行验证,并研究了结构声和空气声对车内噪声的影响规律。分析结果表明:车内各标准点声压级图变化趋势基本一致,峰值中心频率集中在630 Hz处,主要频段为200～1 600 Hz,车体转向架上方A声级比车体中心高约1.02～2.35 dB(A);结构声对车内噪声的主要影响频段在20～200 Hz,空气声对车内噪声的主要影响频段在200～5 000 Hz,其中500～5 000 Hz频段最为显著;60 km/h车速下,结构声荷载作用下车厢中心处A声级比空气声荷载作用下相同位置高约21 dB(A)。该研究成果可为降低列车车内噪声,改善车内声学环境提供理论依据。     

基于频谱分析的挖掘机噪声特性研究

本文通过采集挖掘机柴油机排气噪声、消声器排气噪声、柴油机壳体辐射噪声和操作室内噪声的声压信号,分析了空载条件下噪声声压信号的频谱特性,给出了各噪声信号在不同柴油机转速下的A声级噪声值。得出结论：柴油机排出噪声覆盖高、中、低频段;各噪声频谱特征比较类似;共振导致怠速时的柴油机振动比较大;各噪声强度均随柴油机转速的提高而增大;噪声源以及消声器排出噪声的低频段声压比较大的频率均是柴油机转速基频的倍数。     

不同轨道结构地铁噪声辐射测试及分析

对某地铁普通整体道床地段与钢弹簧浮置板道床地段隧道内和车内噪声进行测试,研究列车内外噪声辐射大小及频谱特性。研究结果表明：隧道内距离轨面越近,噪声越高,说明轮轨噪声为主要噪声源;同一轨道区段,不同车厢内噪声峰值频率相同,但是噪声峰值有略微区别;浮置板地段,隧道内噪声在40 Hz～125 Hz频段,车内噪声在20 Hz～400 Hz频段较普通道床地段有所增大,其他频段隧道内和车内噪声均不大于普通道床地段;对隧道内和车内噪声的1/3 倍频程声压级曲线进行A计权处理,普通道床和浮置板道床地段声压级峰值频率较计权之前均变大,计权后普通道床地段和浮置板地段车内噪声等效声级相差很小,不到1 dB(A)。     

不同轨道结构地铁噪声辐射测试及分析

对某地铁普通整体道床地段与钢弹簧浮置板道床地段隧道内和车内噪声进行测试,研究列车内外噪声辐射大小及频谱特性。研究结果表明：隧道内距离轨面越近,噪声越高,说明轮轨噪声为主要噪声源;同一轨道区段,不同车厢内噪声峰值频率相同,但是噪声峰值有略微区别;浮置板地段,隧道内噪声在40 Hz～125 Hz频段,车内噪声在20 Hz～400 Hz频段较普通道床地段有所增大,其他频段隧道内和车内噪声均不大于普通道床地段;对隧道内和车内噪声的1/3 倍频程声压级曲线进行A计权处理,普通道床和浮置板道床地段声压级峰值频率较计权之前均变大,计权后普通道床地段和浮置板地段车内噪声等效声级相差很小,不到1 dB(A)。     

地铁车辆车内噪声分布规律

采用噪声与振动测试分析系统对地铁车辆车内噪声进行测试,分析车内同一工况不同位置噪声分布规律,进行不同速度下各测点声压级比较。通过分析得知,车内主要噪声源为轮轨噪声及车辆附属设备噪声。近地板、通过台和车门处噪声比其他测点处声压级高2 d B(A)~3 d B(A);近车顶处噪声主要来自空调机组机械振动产生的噪声和送风口空气动力噪声;当频率在500 Hz以上的中高频范围内,声压级随速度增加而增加;车辆运行线路为道岔时,车内噪声值较大,比通过直线时噪声值高达15 d B(A),比通过曲线时噪声值高达4 d B(A)。该研究结果对地铁车辆降噪设计具有一定的参考价值。     

矿用对旋式轴流局部通风机噪声特性实验研究

对四种对旋式轴流局部通风机的噪声特性进行了实验研究,获得了风机噪声频谱曲线和A声级随工况变化曲线,详细分析了离散噪声的频谱特性,发现对旋风机Ⅰ级叶轮通过频率（BPF1）及两级叶片相互作用频率（BIF）对应噪声是对旋风机的主要离散噪声源。这为对旋式轴流通风机的降噪提供了有益参考。     

基于延时陷波算法的车内主动噪声控制

传统车内主动噪声控制(Active Noise Control,ANC)中使用的 FxLMS(Filtered-x Least Mean Square)算法,计算量较大,所需硬件成本相对较高,不利于批量生产。因此文章提出一种使用参考信号与滤波参考信号数字合成的改进自适应陷波方案,弥补了次级通路延时模型在相位误差方面的缺陷,同时具有结构简单、计算量小的优点。最后,基于 CompactRIO建立了车内双通道延时陷波窄带 ANC系统,进行车辆定置发动机定转速与行驶过程急加速两种工况下的实车道路试验。试验结果表明,所提方案的主动噪声控制效果良好,急加速工况下,车内噪声总声压级最高仍可降低 8.46 dB(A),为主动噪声控制的工程应用提供了参考。     

阻尼处理降低重型卡车驾驶室低频噪声

提出一种基于模态分析的重卡驾驶室低频噪声控制方法,将其应用于一款在怠速工况下低频轰鸣噪声较严重的重型卡车上。首先对车内噪声的频谱特性进行测试分析,获取低频噪声的频率成分信息。然后对驾驶室白车身进行模态分析,确定噪声峰值频率与车身结构振动关系,并对该部位采用阻尼处理以降低结构辐射噪声。对处理后的试验车进行噪声评价测试,结果表明主要频率处的噪声峰值降低了5.4 dB(A)～7.5 dB(A),试验车驾驶室低频噪声得到有效控制。     

粘弹性阻尼材料降低列车车内噪声的试验研究

三种新型粘弹性阻尼材料应用于铁路车辆降低车内噪声.列车运行时,整个车厢和单个包间内噪声测试结果表明:车厢内噪声随空间分布不均匀,噪声主要能量集中在25Hz～160Hz低频范围;阻尼材料能显著地降低车内噪声,改性沥青和水性涂料比丁基橡胶降噪效果更好;随着车速的增加,车内噪声的降噪总值增加,阻尼材料的低频降噪能力减小.车内噪声特性响度计算结果表明,100Hz～160Hz上的频率成分对总响度起主要作用,阻尼材料在这个频率范围上降噪效果显著.增加车厢侧墙阻尼板高度,可减小车内噪声.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.