SmCo7块状纳米晶烧结磁体的制备和性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了致密纳米晶SmCo6.6Nb0.4烧结磁体,研究了磁体的结构和磁性能.结果表明,烧结磁体具有TbCu7结构,说明通过SPS过程可以获得稳定的1:7相;磁体由平均晶粒尺寸约为30 nm的1:7相构成,磁体的室温矫顽力高达2.8 T,而剩磁比高达0.74,说明在纳米晶之间存在强烈的晶间交换耦合作用.烧结磁体具有良好的高温性能,773K时的矫顽力为0.48 T,矫顽力温度系数β为-0.169%/K.     

SmCo6.6Nb0．4块状纳米晶烧结磁体的结构和磁性能

采用SPS技术制备了纳米晶SmCo6．6Nb0.4烧结磁体，研究了磁体的结构和磁性能．X衍射结果表．4明烧结磁体具有TbCu7结构，说明SPS过程可以获得稳定的1：7相．TEM观察显示，磁体由平均晶粒尺寸约为30nm的1：7相构成．室温时磁体的矫顽力高达2．8T，而剩磁比高达0．74，说明在纳米晶之间存在强烈的晶间交换耦合作用．烧结磁体具有良好的高温性能，矫顽力温度系数β为-0.169％/K。     

回收制备烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的磁性能与耐热性能

以废旧钕铁硼磁体为原料,采用短流程回收制备技术制备了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体,通过添加镨钕混合稀土研究了磁体的磁性能和耐热性能.结果表明,在回收磁体中添加2％ PrNd,制备的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的剩磁为1.31T、矫顽力为1 474.86 kA/m、磁能积为353.90 kJ/m3.与一次成品相比矫顽力恢复到102％,剩磁恢复到95％,磁能积恢复到90％.在293～393 K范围内未掺杂PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.589 9％/K,掺杂2％PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.556 4％/K,提高了磁体在高温下的耐热性能.这是由于添加混合稀土PrNd增强了主相晶粒间的去磁交换耦合作用,提高了主相的磁晶各向异性场,从而提高了磁体的矫顽力和耐热性能.     

回收制备烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的磁性能与耐热性能

以废旧钕铁硼磁体为原料,采用短流程回收制备技术制备了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体,通过添加镨钕混合稀土研究了磁体的磁性能和耐热性能。结果表明,在回收磁体中添加2%PrNd,制备的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的剩磁为1.31T、矫顽力为1 474.86kA/m、磁能积为353.90kJ/m~3。与一次成品相比矫顽力恢复到102%,剩磁恢复到95%,磁能积恢复到90%。在293~393K范围内未掺杂PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.589 9%/K,掺杂2%PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.556 4%/K,提高了磁体在高温下的耐热性能。这是由于添加混合稀土PrNd增强了主相晶粒间的去磁交换耦合作用,提高了主相的磁晶各向异性场,从而提高了磁体的矫顽力和耐热性能。     

SmCo7-xFex块状纳米晶烧结磁体的研究

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了块状纳米晶SmCo7-xFex（x=0，0．4，1，2）烧结磁体，对磁体的微观结构扣磁性能进行了观察扣测试．X衍射结果表明，烧结磁体具有TbCu7结构，说明SPS过程可以获得稳定的1：7相．TEM观察显示，磁体晶粒尺寸在20～50nm．磁体具有较好的磁性能，x=0．4时，矫顽力为992．8kA/m，剩磁为0．634T（BH）max为69．75kJ/m^3。     

放电等离子烧结制备块状纳米晶SmCo5烧结磁体

采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术制备了致密纳米晶SmCo5烧结磁体，研究了磁体的结构和磁性能。X衍射结果表明，烧结磁体具有CaCu5结构，说明SPS过程可以获得稳定的1：5相。TEM观察显示，磁体由平均晶粒尺寸约为30nm的1：5相构成。室温时磁体的矫顽力高达2208kA/m，而剩磁比高达0，7，说明在纳米晶之间存在强烈的晶间交换耦合作用。烧结磁体具有良好的高温性能，773K时的矫顽力为456kA/m，矫顽力温度系数β为-0．212％/K。     

Sm(Co_(0.74)Cu_(0.12)Fe_(0.1)Zr_(0.04))_(7.5)纳米晶烧结磁体的结构和磁性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了致密纳米晶SmCoCuFeZr烧结磁体,研究了磁体的结构和磁性能.X衍射结果表明,烧结磁体具有TbCu_7结构.TEM观察显示,烧结磁体平均晶粒尺寸为35nm.室温时磁体的剩磁为0.49T,矫顽力高达1.42T,而剩磁比Mr/Ms为0.63,表明在纳米晶之间存在晶间交换耦合作用.     

NdH纳米助剂回收制备烧结钕铁硼永磁体的研究

采用NdH纳米掺杂的方法对废旧烧结钕铁硼磁体进行了回收制备。研究了不同NdH纳米粉掺杂量对再制造烧结钕铁硼磁性能的影响。随着NdH纳米粉末掺杂量的增多,烧结磁体矫顽力从926.54 kA/m增加到1 299.87 kA/m;剩磁首先相对稳定在1.296 T,在掺杂量2.0%(质量分数)后,剩磁逐渐下降。与原始磁体相比,2.0%(质量分数)NdH纳米粉掺杂磁体性能最佳,矫顽力回复97.5%,剩磁回复95.9%,磁能积回复89.7%。通过计算,掺杂3.0%(质量分数)NdH纳米粉后,再制造烧结磁体中富钕相体积分数从3.03%增加到5.70%,然而其晶粒尺寸从8.18μm增长至11.68μm。结合微观分析与磁性能,2.0%(质量分数)NdH纳米粉掺杂磁体性能最好。     

烧结钕铁硼磁体溅射渗镝工艺与磁性能研究

采用直流磁控溅射的方法,在烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体表面制备了Dy薄膜,对比研究了N35烧结态与回火态磁体晶界扩散后组织形貌与性能的变化。N35烧结态与回火态磁体经溅射渗Dy处理后,在剩磁仅降低0.009T和0.03T的情况下,矫顽力大幅度提高,分别提高了708.44kA/m和665.46kA/m,渗Dy处理后磁体中的Dy元素平均质量分数增加不超过0.4%。SEM和EDS能谱的分析结果表明,晶界组织形貌的改善和(Nd,Dy)2Fe14B外延层的形成是矫顽力提升的主要原因。EPMA元素面分布结果显示,Dy主要富集在富Nd相处,三叉型富Nd相处Dy含量最高,而Dy没有扩散到主相晶粒内部,不会导致剩磁大幅度降低,从而有效提高了磁体的综合磁性能。     

HDDR处理的Sm2Fe16Ti1Nx化合物高能球磨的研究

在用HDDR法制备Sm2Fe16Ti1Nx氮化物过程中,研究了高能球磨对氮化物粉末的形貌、物相结构及磁性能的影响.发现高能球磨Sm2Fe16Ti1Nx氮化物使粉末颗粒细化的过程可描述为大粉末颗粒→压延成层片状→断裂成短棒状及球形颗粒→压延成层片状→断裂成球形小颗粒,并在球磨一定时间后使粉末中的Sm2(FeTi)17Nx主相完全非晶化,α-Fe含量增高且没有非晶化.球磨后粉末的矫顽力随着球磨时间的延长而降低,而剩磁在球磨短时间时降低,再延长球磨时间又增高,在球磨较长时间到Sm2(FeTi)17Nx主相完全非晶化后又使剩磁降低,最高磁场下的磁化强度值则随着球磨时间的延长而增加.手研磨后粉末的矫顽力随研磨时间的延长而逐渐升高而剩磁及最高场下磁化强度值变化不大.     

Mechanosynthesis of Nd-Fe-B alloys

A mechanical alloying technique has been applied for Nd-Fe-B alloy synthesis from the mixture of neodymium, iron and Fe-B powders. The direct formation of Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase ( phase) was not observed, but an Nd-Fe multilayer structure was formed during the milling process. Annealing of milled powders at 1023 K for 1 h resulted in magnet formation. The dependence of the magnetic properties on milling time was observed. For the applied milling device and parameters, the optimum milling time proved to be 4 h and the coercive force reached a value of about 1000 kAm^–1.     

Phase Transformation and Magnetic Properties of Mechanically Alloyed PrCo5-based Magnets

PrCo5-based nanograin Pr=CO100-x （x=14-22） alloys with high coercivity were synthesized by mechanical alloying and subsequent annealing. The crystallization, phase components and magnetic properties of the alloys were investigated systematically. The main phase of the alloy for x=14 is Pr2CO17 with rhombohedral Th2Zn17-type. The amount of the Pr2CO17 phase decreases with increasing Pr content, and a nearly single phase PrCo5 with hexagonal CaCu5-type is formed in Pr18Co81 alloy. Further increase in the Pr content leads to the formation of another magnetically hard Pr2Co7 phase with its Curie temperature about 350℃. Remanences decrease monotonously with increasing Pr content, whereas the coercivities increase, reaching a maximum of 2040 kA/m （25.6 kOe） in Pr19CO81 powders milled for 5 h and annealed at 973 K for 2 min, and then decrease for higher Pr content. The high coercivity is attributed to the high anisotropy field of the PrCo~ phase and its nanoscale grain size.     

Rietveld analysis of the effect of annealing atmosphere on phase evolution of nanocrystalline TiO2 powders

The structural evolution of nanocrystalline TiO2 was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Rietveld refinement method (RRM). TiO2 powders were prepared by the sol-gel technique. Post annealing of as-synthesized powders in the temperature range from 500 degrees C to 800 degrees C under air and argon atmospheres led to the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles with mean crystallite size in the range of 37-165 nm, based on the Rietveld refinement results. It was found that the phase structure, composition, and crystallite size of the resulting particles were dependent on not only the annealing temperature, but also the annealing atmosphere. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data showed that annealing the powders under argon atmosphere promoted the polymorphic phase transformation from anatase to rutile. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to investigate the morphology and size of the annealed powders.     

Spark plasma sintered Sm(2)Co(17)-FeCo nanocomposite permanent magnets synthesized by high energy ball milling

Nanocomposite Sm(2)Co(17)-5?wt% FeCo magnets were synthesized by high energy ball milling followed by consolidation into bulk shape by the spark plasma sintering technique. The evolution of magnetic properties was systematically investigated in milled powders as well as in spark plasma sintered samples. A high energy product of 10.2?MGOe and the other magnetic properties of M(s) = 107?emu?g(-1), M(r) = 59?emu?g(-1), M(r)/M(s) = 0.55 and H(c) = 6.4?kOe were achieved in a 5?h milled and spark plasma sintered Sm(2)Co(17)-5?wt% FeCo nanocomposite magnet. The spark plasma sintering was carried out at 700?°C for 5?min with a pressure of 70?MPa. The nanocomposite showed a higher Curie temperature of 955?°C for the Sm(2)Co(17) phase in comparison to its bulk Curie temperature for the Sm(2)Co(17) phase (920?°C). This higher Curie temperature can improve the performance of the magnet at higher temperatures.     

Structural Stability and Magnetic Properties of the TbCu$_{7}$ -Type SmCo$_{x - 0.4}$Ti$_{0.4} (x = 5.0hbox{–}8.5)$ Alloys

We have studied the composition dependence, thermal stability, long-term stability at 500°C, and magnetic properties of the nanostructural TbCu₇-type (1:7) Sm-Co-Ti alloys. We prepared the SmCox-0.4Ti_0.4 alloys with a wide composition range from x = 5.0 to x = 8.5 by high-energy ball-milling, followed by annealing at 700-1100°C for 2 h. After annealing at 700°C, the powders with x = 7.0-8.5 showed a single 1:7 structure, while the powders with x = 5.0-6.5 presented the 1:7 plus CaCu₅-type (1:5) structure. At an annealing temperature higher than 800°C, a minor Th₂Zn₁₇-type (2:17) phase precipitated in the matrix of the 1:7 phase. Intrinsic coercivity iHc exhibits a maximum of 2.3 T at room temperature and 0.4 T at 500°C in the x = 7.0 samples annealed at 700°C. The temperature coefficient of iHc seems stable as the Sm/Co ratio changes from 1/6.5 to 1/7.5. The coercivity decreased with increasing annealing temperature Ta, from 2.3 T at Ta = 700°C to 1.3 T at Ta = 1100°C, which is mainly attributed to the grain growth from 35 nm for Ta = 700°C to 1 ?m for Ta = 1100°C. After holding at 500°C for up to 360 h, the microstructure and magnetic properties of the 1:7-type nanograin alloys remained almost unchanged, indicating a structurally and magnetically long-term stabilization at the potential high-temperature application environment.     

Fabrication and characterization of solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte films by electron beam vapor deposition

Thin films of SDC for SOFC electrolyte were prepared using electron beam deposition technique. The influence of annealing temperature, substrate temperature and e-beam gun power on the structure and surface morphology of the thin films was examined. It was found that the SDC thin films annealed at 800 degrees C consisted of a single cubic phase and the main crystal structure of the thin films represented those of evaporated electrolyte powders. The crystal orientation of the SDC films increased with substrate temperature and decreased with e-beam gun power. The higher XRD peak intensity was observed for the SDC films deposited on NiO-YSZ substrate compared with those on SiO2 substrate due to the polycrystalline structure of the NiO-YSZ substrate. A good adhesion to the substrate and a columnar structure were observed by the fractured cross-sectional view of the SDC films on NiO-YSZ anode substrate. Electrical conductivity of SDC film with 5 microm thickness was observed to be 2.31 x 10(-3) Sm(-1) at 800 degrees C.     

TEM analysis of tweed structure in high-palladium dental alloys

Transmission electron microscopy and convergent-beam electron diffraction were used to study three high-palladium dental alloys: an as-cast Pd–Ga alloy, a cast Pd–Cu–Ga alloy aged at room temperature for over 5 years, and a cast Pd–Cu–Ga alloy annealed at 1023 K for 2 h and slowly cooled to room temperature. Bands containing a tweed structure in the Pd-Ga alloy were 120° twins with (1 ¯1 0 mirror planes. Within these bands the alloy had a face-centered tetragonal structure with a c/a ratio of 1.03. The aged Pd–Cu–Ga alloy contained a larger amount of tweed structure than the original as-cast alloy, along with randomly oriented bands and thin lath-like regions. The annealed Pd–Cu–Ga alloy contained rectangular particles of a secondary phase that may be Pd₂Ga, Pd₅Ga₂ or Pd₁₃Ga₅. The microtwinned band structure relieves the strain energy arising from transformation of the f.c.c. palladium solid solution on cooling. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Study by TEM,EDS, EELS and electron diffraction of precipitation reactions in a Cr-Mn austenitic steel with and without He-implantation

A study of precipitation reactions in the Cr-Mn austenitic steel Nitronic 32 was performed by means of electron microscopy, electron diffraction, X-ray microanalysis and electron energy loss spectrometry. The material was examined: (a) after solution annealing and ageing at 773, 1023 and 1073 K; (b) after solution annealing followed by ambient temperature He-implantation and ageing at 773 and 1023 K and, (c) in the solution annealed state for comparison. The formation of the phases M₂₃C₆ and Cr₂N was observed. Their precipitation modes and sequence are described and discussed.     

基于液氮冷源超导磁体氦气循环预冷系统设计

为了提高超导磁体300-80 K预冷过程中的降温效率和安全性,开发了一种新的预冷方法.设计了一台以液氮为冷源、氦气为循环介质的可控温预冷装置,对其内部结构进行了优化设计,包括低温风机、板式换热器、气动调节阀、翅片换热器等主要组成部分,整个装置与磁体构成一个闭合循环系统.在预冷装置的作用下,该超导磁体从300 K到80 ...     

反应球磨钛与尿素制备氮化钛的反应机理研究

将Ti粉与尿素在室温下进行反应球磨制备了TiN粉末,对球磨不同时间后的粉末进行XRD分析,采用TG-FTIR技术分析了尿素的分解温度与产物,利用TEM及EELS观察和分析了球磨70h粉末的微观形貌、结构及成分. 结果发现,球磨70h合成了纳米TiN粉末,晶粒度为6~7nm,Ti/N原子比约为1.0∶0.6. 经800℃,5h真空退火处理后粉末的XRD谱图表明粉末组成为单相TiN. 在反应球磨过程中,Ti与尿素的分解产物NH₃与HNCO发生反应形成TiN,随球磨时间延长,Ti的缺陷能增大、活性增加,N在Ti中的扩散激活能减小,在球磨作用下N的扩散距离变短,TiN的含量逐渐增加形成晶核并逐渐长大形成纳米晶.