修正局部Crank-Nicolson方法对二维非定常对流扩散方程的应用

本文利用修正局部Crank-Nicolson方法求解二维非定常对流扩散方程.首先,将二维非定常对流扩散方程转化为二维非定常热传导方程.其次,将二维非定常热传导方程转化为常微分方程组,利用指数函数的Trotter积公式近似该常微分方程组的系数矩阵并将其分离成分块小矩阵及Crank-Nicolson法求出结果,从而推出二维非定常对流扩散方程的修正局部Crank-Nicolson方法.所提方法具有计算量少,精度较高,无条件稳定的显著优点.最后,利用数值实验验证了所提方法的有效性,实验结果表明,所提方法能够得到与真解吻合的计算结果,因而具有很好的应用价值与推广意义.     

结构计算模型修正的二次约束最小二乘算法

提出了一种结构计算模型修正的二次约束最小二乘方法。该方法是在质量矩阵和刚度矩阵满足正交性条件和特征方程的约束下，使修正矩阵的范数最小，将模型修止问题转化为一个带二次约束的最小二乘问题。应用奇异值分解，给出了在振型需要和不需要扩充两种情况下结构计算模型修正的数值算法，并进行了数值实验。计算结果表明：新算法精度较高，能保证修正模型的前m阶模态参数与实测值有较好的吻合。     

任意边界条件非局部弹性杆纵振特性分析

基于非局部弹性理论,研究了弹性边界约束条件下杆结构纵向振动特性。在非局部杆两端引入纵向约束弹簧,通过设置相应弹簧刚度系数,可以得任意经典边界及其组合情况下非局部杆结构纵振问题。非局部弹性杆纵振位移采用一种改进傅立叶级数进行展开,在标准傅立叶级数基础上构造附加函数,以使纵振位移在整个求解域内足够光滑。通过联合求解非局部纵振微分方程与弹性边界约束条件获得系统特征矩阵。通过与现有文献中不同边界条件非局部弹性杆纵振模态数据进行对比,充分验证了所构造模型的正确性。在此基础上讨论了边界约束刚度系数和非局部特征参数对非局部弹性杆纵振特性的影响。与现有方法相比,该方法能够统一考虑任意边界条件,当边界条件改变时不需要对理论推导和计算程序进行重新修改,实现了非局部弹性杆纵振特性分析的最为一般情况。     

对流占优扩散方程的楔形基无网格法

传统的微分方程数值解方法求解对流占优扩散方程时,往往产生数值震荡现象,为了消除数值震荡,本文构建了一种新的数值求解方法――无网格方法进行数值求解。该方法采用配点法并引入一种新的楔形基函数构建了楔形基无网格方法,不需要网格划分,是一种真正的无网格方法,可以避免因为网格划分而影响计算效率。通过对新的楔形基函数的理论分析,证明了本文方法解的存在唯一性。最后,分别通过一维和二维的数值算例,表明该算法计算精度高,可以有效消除对流占优引起的数值震荡,是一种计算对流占优扩散方程数值解的高效方法。     

两线性流形之间夹角的算法

本文将3维欧氏空间中直线与平面的夹角推广到n维欧氏空间中两线性流形的夹角,并用带线性和二次等式约束的二次规划刻画这个夹角,从而,把求两线性流形夹角的问题转化为求解非凸二次规划问题,由此,给出了计算这种夹角的一个算法和数值算例.在该数值算例中,我们应用Gr(o)bner基理论求解非凸二次规划问题.     

一类非线性代数方程组的Newton-Triangle Splitting迭代法

Triangle Splitting迭代方法是求解大型稀疏非Hermitian正定线性代数方程组的一种有效迭代算法.为了有效求解大型稀疏且Jacobi矩阵为非Hermitian正定的非线性代数方程组,本文将Triangle Splitting迭代方法作为不精确Newton方法的内迭代求解器,构造了不精确Newton-Triangle Splitting迭代方法.在适当的约束条件下,给出了该方法的两类局部收敛性定理.通过数值实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,并说明了该方法在计算时间和迭代次数方面比Newton-BTSS迭代方法更有优势.     

求解二维Navier-Stokes方程的移动网格方法

为了减少解在较小的局部区域内有着很强的奇异性、剧烈变化等的偏微分方程求解问题的计算量,提出了一种基于方程求解的移动网格方法,并将其应用于二维不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的求解．与已有的大部分移动网格方法不同,网格节点的移动距离是通过求解一个变系数扩散方程得到的,避免了做区域映射,也不需要对控制函数进行磨光处理,所以算法很容易编程实现．数值算例表明所提算法能够在解梯度较大的位置加密网格,从而在保证提高数值解的分辨率的前提下,可以很好地节省了计算量．由于Navier-Stokes 的典型性,所得算法能够推广到求解很大一类偏微分方程数值问题．     

基于Woodbury非线性方法的迭代算法对比分析

在结构局部非线性求解过程中,刚度矩阵仅部分元素发生改变,此时切线刚度矩阵可写成初始刚度矩阵与其低秩修正矩阵和的形式,每个增量步的位移响应可用数学中快速求矩阵逆的Woodbury公式高效求解,但通常情况下迭代计算在结构非线性分析中是不可避免的,因此迭代算法的计算性能也对分析效率有重要影响。该文以基于Woodbury非线性方法为基础,分别采用Newton-Raphson （N-R）法、修正牛顿法、3阶两点法、4阶两点法及三点法求解其非线性平衡方程,并对比分析5种迭代算法的计算性能。利用算法时间复杂度理论,得到了5种迭代算法求解基于Woodbury非线性方法平衡方程的时间复杂度分析模型,定量对比了5种迭代算法的计算效率。通过2个数值算例,从收敛速度、时间复杂度和误差等方面对比了各迭代算法的计算性能,分析了各算法适用的非线性问题。最后,计算了5种算法求解基于Woodbury非线性方法平衡方程的综合性能指标。     

纤维束交叉起伏对缠绕复合材料刚度的影响

纤维缠绕过程会在局部区域形成纤维束的起伏、交织。针对起伏区域纤维束的非正交交织的特点,提出一种缠绕复合材料刚度的计算方法:先通过螺旋缠绕角度和起伏层倾斜角度,将三维刚度进行两次转换,然后将转换后的起伏区域的三维刚度转化成缠绕层面内二维有效刚度;利用二维有效刚度,将缠绕复合材料刚度系数A_ij、B_ij和 D_ij各项在起伏区域上进行数值积分取平均值,再利用转换矩阵得到缠绕复合材料的整体刚度矩阵。算例的结果表明,考虑了纤维束的起伏、交织后缠绕复合材料刚度矩阵发生了一些变化,特别是耦合刚度的变化更为明显。      

充气薄膜褶皱分析的高效互补有限元列式

褶皱变形是柔性薄膜结构的一种常见的失稳模式,其数值模拟具有挑战性。基于连续体和张力场理论,提出了一种适用于充气薄膜结构褶皱分析的互补共旋有限元方法。采用共旋坐标法,将物体的大变形分解为结构整体坐标系下的刚体运动和单元局部坐标系下小应变变形,推导了一个空间三节点三角形膜单元的切线刚度矩阵。该刚度矩阵包含材料刚度、旋转刚度和平衡投影刚度矩阵三个部分,涵盖了随动载荷对单元刚度的影响。在单元局部坐标系下,依据双模量材料本构关系构造了一个褶皱模型,能够判断单元处于“张紧”“褶皱”或“松弛”状态。进一步通过建立等价的线性互补问题,消除了迭代求解过程中的内力振荡,改善了算法的稳定性。数值算例表明:该文方法能够准确地预测充气薄膜结构的位移、应力以及褶皱区域。较之已有的“拟动态”和“惩罚”方法,该方法不需要引入额外的求解技术来保证收敛,具有良好的稳定性。     

The CIP method embedded in finite element discretizations of incompressible fluid flows

Quite effective low‐order finite element and finite volume methods for incompressible fluid flows have been established and are widely used. However, higher‐order finite element methods that are stable, have high accuracy and are computationally efficient are still sought. Such discretization schemes could be particularly useful to establish error estimates in numerical solutions of fluid flows. The objective of this paper is to report on a study in which the cubic interpolated polynomial (CIP) method is embedded into 4‐node and 9‐node finite element discretizations of 2D flows in order to stabilize the convective terms. To illustrate the capabilities of the formulations, the results obtained in the solution of the driven flow square cavity problem are given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

形状自由的高性能有限元方法研究的一些进展

作为工程和科学计算的主要工具,有限元方法已经得到了广泛的应用,但是仍然受到网格畸变敏感等固有难题的困扰,并且一直没有能够彻底根治。该文系统介绍了新型有限元方法--形状自由的高性能有限元方法研究的最新进展,包括平面问题和二维断裂问题的杂交应力函数有限元方法,中厚板问题的杂交位移函数有限元法,平面和三维问题的新型非对称有限元方法。这些方法在已有的杂交应力元法和非对称有限元法基础上,综合利用了解析试函数法、新型自然坐标方法、广义协调方法等先进技术,获得重要进展:所发展的单元模型精度高且稳定,在网格极端畸变的情况下仍可保持原有精度,具有形状自由的优异特性;同时破解了MacNeal局限定理,解决了中厚板边缘效应计算等难题。论文的最后对上述方法的特点以及后续的研究工作进行了讨论。     

Fully coupled hydromechanical multiscale model with microdynamic effects

In this paper, a multiscale finite element framework is developed based on the first‐order homogenization method for fully coupled saturated porous media using an extension of the Hill‐Mandel theory in the presence of microdynamic effects. The multiscale method is employed for the consolidation problem of a 2‐dimensional saturated soil medium generated from the periodic arrangement of circular particles embedded in a square matrix, which is compared with the direct numerical simulation method. The effects of various issues, including the boundary conditions, size effects, particle arrangements, and the integral domain constraints for the microscale boundary value problem, are numerically investigated to illustrate the performance of a representative volume element in the proposed computational homogenization method of fully coupled saturated porous media. This study is aimed to clarify the effect of scale separation and size dependence, and to introduce characteristics of a proper representative volume element in multiscale modeling of saturated porous media.     

A nonlocal continuum damage mechanics approach to simulation of creep fracture in ice sheets

We present a Lagrangian finite element formulation aimed at modeling creep fracture in ice-sheets using nonlocal continuum damage mechanics. The proposed formulation is based on a thermo-viscoelastic constitutive model and a creep damage model for polycrystalline ice with different behavior in tension and compression. In this paper, mainly, we detail the nonlocal numerical implementation of the constitutive damage model into commercial finite element codes (e.g. Abaqus), wherein a procedure to handle the abrupt failure (rupture) of ice under tension is proposed. Then, we present numerical examples of creep fracture under four-point bending, uniaxial tension, and biaxial tension in order to illustrate the viability of the current approach. Finally, we present simulations of creep crack propagation in idealized rectangular ice slabs so as to estimate calving rates at low deformation rates. The examples presented demonstrate the mesh size and mesh directionality independence of the proposed nonlocal implementation.     

抛物型积分微分方程对称修正的有限体积元方法

一般有限体积元方法所产生的系数矩阵是不对称的,通过将双线性形式对称化,并对由此产生的误差项进行修正,可得到对称修正的有限体积元法。对抛物型积分微分方程使用对称修正的有限体积元法进行数值模拟,通过理论分析,得到了最优的H1模和L2模误差估计结果。还证明了对称修正的有限体积元法的解与有限体积元解之间相差一个高阶项。数值例子验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

A novel isoparametric finite element displacement formulation for axisymmetric analysis of nearly incompressible materials

It is well accepted that severe numerical difficulties arise when using the conventional displacement method to analyse incompressible or nearly incompressible solids. These effects are caused by the kinematic constraints imposed on the nodal velocities by the constant volume condition. In elastic-plastic analysis, these effects are due to a conflict between the plastic flow rule and the finite element discretization. Although several methods have been proposed to cope with this problem, none has been based on the appropriate choice of displacement interpolation functions to minimize the constraints. The theoretical formulation of a new six-noded isoparametric displacement finite element, which is well suited for elastic-plastic analysis of axisymmetric constrained solids by using a rational displacement interpolation function, is presented in this paper. The proposed displacement interpolation function implies that the displacement in the axial direction and the product of the displacement in the radial direction and the radius should be treated as two independent basic variables. Alternatively, the proposed displacement interpolation function can also be implemented in a conventional displacement formulation simply by using a modified shape function matrix. The suitability of the proposed formulations is first studied theoretically by assessing the number of degrees of freedom per constraint and then verified by performing numerical experiments on typical boundary value problems which involve incompressible behaviour.     

A mixed finite element for the nonlinear analysis of in-plane loaded masonry walls

A mixed membrane eight-node quadrilateral finite element for the analysis of masonry walls is presented. Assuming that a nonlinear and history-dependent 2D stress-strain constitutive law is used to model masonry material, the element derivation is based on a Hu-Washizu variational statement, involving displacement, strain, and stress fields as primary variables. As the behavior of masonry structures is often characterized by strain localization phenomena, due to strain softening at material level, a discontinuous, piecewise constant interpolation of the strain field is considered at element level, to capture highly nonlinear strain spatial distributions also within finite elements. Newton's method of solution is adopted for the element state determination problem. For avoiding pathological sensitivity to the finite element mesh, a novel algorithm is proposed to perform an integral-type nonlocal regularization of the constitutive equations in the present mixed formulation. By the comparison with competing serendipity displacement-based formulation, numerical simulations prove high performances of the proposed finite element, especially when coarse meshes are adopted.     

含裂纹压电材料的Cell-Based光滑扩展有限元法

为精确而有效地求解机电耦合作用下含裂纹压电材料的断裂参数,首先,通过将复势函数法、扩展有限元法和光滑梯度技术引入到含裂纹压电材料的断裂机理问题中,提出了含裂纹压电材料的Cell-Based光滑扩展有限元法;然后,对含中心裂纹的压电材料强度因子进行了模拟,并将模拟结果与扩展有限元法和有限元法的计算结果进行了对比。数值算例结果表明:Cell-Based光滑扩展有限元法兼具扩展有限元法和光滑有限元法的特点,不仅单元网格与裂纹面相互独立,且裂尖处单元不需精密划分,与此同时,Cell-Based光滑扩展有限元法还具有形函数简单且不需求导、对网格质量要求低且求解精度高等优点。所得结论表明Cell-Based光滑扩展有限元法是压电材料断裂分析的有效数值方法。      

有限元新型自然坐标方法研究进展

网格畸变敏感问题一直是当前有限元法难以解决的问题,而新型自然坐标方法的诞生可以在一定程度上对解决这个难题有所帮助。该文介绍了有限元新型自然坐标方法研究的新近进展。包括第一类四边形面积坐标及其应用(单元构造,解析刚度矩阵的建立,以及在几何非线性问题中的应用等);第二类四边形面积坐标及其应用;六面体体积坐标及其应用。数值算例表明:无论网格如何扭曲畸变,这些基于新型自然坐标方法的有限元模型仍然保持高精度,对网格畸变不敏感。这显示了新型自然坐标方法是构造高性能单元模型的有效工具。     

Finite volume discretization for poroelastic media with fractures modeled by contact mechanics

A fractured poroelastic body is considered where the opening of the fractures is governed by a nonpenetration law, whereas slip is described by a Coulomb-type friction law. This physical model results in a nonlinear variational inequality problem. The variational inequality is rewritten as a complementary function, and a semismooth Newton method is used to solve the system of equations. For the discretization, we use a hybrid scheme where the displacements are given in terms of degrees of freedom per element, and an additional Lagrange multiplier representing the traction is added on the fracture faces. The novelty of our method comes from combining the Lagrange multiplier from the hybrid scheme with a finite volume discretization of the poroelastic Biot equation, which allows us to directly impose the inequality constraints on each subface. The convergence of the method is studied for several challenging geometries in 2D and 3D, showing that the convergence rates of the finite volume scheme do not deteriorate when it is coupled to the Lagrange multipliers. Our method is especially attractive for the poroelastic problem because it allows for a straightforward coupling between the matrix deformation, contact conditions, and fluid pressure.