天然橡胶/废胶粉弹性体合金的制备

废胶粉(WRP)经再生改性后,与天然橡胶(NR)共混,利用静态硫化法制备了NR/WRP弹性体合金。研究了NR/WRP配料比、De-link再生剂的用量、软化剂三乙烯四胺(TETA)的用量对弹性体合金性能的影响,并通过电子扫描电镜观察了弹性体内部的微观结构。实验结果表明:当NR/WRP配料比为60/40、De-link再生剂用量为2份、软化剂TETA用量为3份时,所制备的弹性体合金综合性能最佳。外加适量的软化剂,有利于WRP的再生,并且可以使NR/WRP弹性体合金获得较好的两相相容性。     

防水卷材用改性胶粉/EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体的制备与性能研究

以乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、胶粉和聚丙烯(PP)等为主要原料,采用共混的方法制备了改性胶粉/EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体,研究了胶粉的改性剂、充油EPDM用量和胶粉用量等对改性胶粉/EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体性能的影响。结果表明:橡胶再生剂RV2和酚醛树脂并用改性胶粉所制得的改性胶粉/EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体综合性能最优;使用7.5份充油EPDM所制得的弹性体综合性能最优;随着胶粉用量的增加,热塑性弹性体的综合性能下降,使用15份改性胶粉时性价比最高,同时满足国标GB/T 27789—2011要求。对微观结构进行分析,经过橡胶再生剂RV2和酚醛树脂改性后的胶粉与橡胶基体和PP间形成了良好的结合。     

胶粉加工参数对活化胶粉/丁苯橡胶复合改性沥青性能的影响

为了研究胶粉加工参数对活化胶粉/丁苯橡胶(SBR)复合改性沥青性能的影响,得到胶粉的最佳加工参数,采用废食用油来活化胶粉,选取不同掺配比例(胶粉质量∶废食用油质量)、加热温度、加热时间制备活化胶粉,复配SBR制备复合改性沥青。通过沥青常规性能试验、旋转薄膜加热试验(RTFOT),对复合改性沥青的高温性能、低温性能、黏度、存储稳定性和抗老化性能进行分析研究。结果表明:胶粉加工参数对复合改性沥青的综合性能影响显著;胶粉的最佳加工参数建议为掺配比例1∶1、加热温度160℃、加热时间90min;复合改性沥青的常规性能与90^#基质沥青相比提升显著且优于SBR、活化胶粉改性沥青。     

废胶粉的表面处理及在天然橡胶中的应用

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对废胶粉进行表面处理,并将处理后的废胶粉与天然橡胶复合制备WRP/NR复合材料。借助L16(45)正交试验及单因素试验,探讨了废胶粉目数、废胶粉用量、硅烷偶联剂KH550用量对复合材料力学性能的影响;对处理后的废胶粉表面和橡胶拉伸试样断裂面进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察;并通过热重分析研究了天然橡胶和复合材料的热降解性能。结果表明:当废胶粉目数为80目,废胶粉用量为10%,硅烷偶联剂KH550用量为1.5%时,复合材料的力学性能最优,拉伸强度为27.89MPa。SEM结果表明废胶粉表面粗糙度增大,比表面积增大,与NR基体的相容性得到了提高。而热重分析表明改性废胶粉的加入对天然橡胶的热稳定性能影响不大。     

废印刷电路板粉填充改性丁苯橡胶复合材料的性能研究

以废印刷电路板(PCB)非金属粉对丁苯橡胶(SBR)进行填充改性,采用机械共混法制备了SBR/废PCB粉复合材料,考察了SBR接枝马来酸酐(SBR-g-MAH)、硅烷偶联剂KH-792的引入对SBR/废PCB粉复合材料力学性能及硫化特性的影响。结果表明:SBR-g-MAH和KH-792均能有效提升SBR/废PCB粉复合体系的界面强度,SBR/SBR-g-MAH最佳配比为60/40(质量比,下同),硅烷偶联剂KH-792的最佳用量为3%(质量分数),SBR-gMAH对复合材料的改性效果优于KH-792。当SBR/SBR-g-MAH并用比为60/40,废PCB粉填充量为20份时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳。改性后的SBR/废PCB粉复合材料的最小扭矩(F_(min))、最大扭矩(F_(max))和正硫化时间(t_(90))均高于纯SBR,而焦烧时间(t_(10))低于纯SBR。     

增容对LLDPE/PET微纤增强复合材料形态和结晶的影响

采用熔融挤出、拉伸和退火制备了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)质量比为80/20的增容和未增容微纤增强复合材料(MFC)。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分别研究了增容剂LLDPE-g-MAH对微纤复合材料中LLDPE的结晶、熔融以及分散相PET形态变化的影响。结果表明,增容剂LLDPE-g-MAH的加入,影响了PET粒子成纤的连续性,减小了分散相尺寸,当增容剂用量为10份时影响最为明显;PET微纤对基体LLDPE的结晶有异相成核作用,这种作用受增容剂用量的影响,增容剂用量为10份时,对LLDPE结晶有促进作用,而PET的熔点却随增容剂增加而降低。     

EPDM-g-LSBR的制备及其增容EPDM/SBR并用橡胶的性能研究

采用熔融密炼接枝工艺,以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为基体,低分子量液体丁苯橡胶(LSBR)为接枝物,制备了接枝聚合物EPDM-g-LSBR,研究了制备条件对接枝聚合物红外光谱和热失重行为的影响;将EPDM-g-LSBR作为相容剂用于EPDM/SBR的增容性共混,并与常用的商业化嵌段聚合物乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVM)和苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEPS)的增容效果进行了对比,研究了其用量对并用胶硫化特性和硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,LSBR接枝到EPDM分子主链上,接枝量的变化未对产物的热降解温度造成显著影响;接枝物EPDM-g-LSBR增容后EPDM/SBR并用胶力学性能有明显改善,添加8份时,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比未添加相容剂的体系提高了24.3%和15%,邵A硬度由未添加的75.4降低到72.6。通过对混炼胶的断面进行扫描电镜分析发现EPDM-g-LSBR的加入使EPDM在SBR中的海岛分散结构消失,增加了两相的相容性。     

废橡胶胶粉/HDPE/POE热塑性弹性体的动态硫化

以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为硫化剂,研究了废橡胶胶粉／高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)／乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)(50/25/25)热塑性弹性体的动态硫化．考察了过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)用量对该共混物力学性能的影响．结果表明,加入DCP后,废橡胶胶粉／HDPE／POE共混物的交联度增加。动态硫化提高了共混物的力学性能,DCP用量为0．5份时．共混物具有最大的拉伸强度(8．01MPa)和断裂伸长率(225％)．扫描电镜观察结果表明,动态硫化后共混物的界面结合更加紧密．有利于力学性能的提高。废橡胶胶粉／HDPE／POE热塑性弹性体具有良好的耐老化性和再加工性．可以循环使用。     

环保型水切割胶粉对天然橡胶力学性能和动态性能的影响

采用环保型水切割胶粉及力化学改性胶粉（MRP）与天然橡胶（NR）复合制备胶粉-NR复合胶,并探讨了胶粉用量对复合胶力学性能和动态性能的影响。通过红外和热失重分析确定了胶粉的主要成分为NR和丁苯橡胶（SBR）,且改性后胶粉大分子链结构未发生明显变化。通过橡胶加工分析仪研究了胶粉用量及改性对复合胶加工性能的影响。采用炭黑分散仪研究并观察了胶粉在NR中的分散情况。结果表明,胶粉改性后与NR的相容性提高,二者界面结合力增大,MRP-NR复合胶加工性能改善。炭黑分散结果表明,胶粉用量越多,其分散性越差,改性后胶粉的分散性提高,MRP-NR复合胶的力学性能最优,拉伸强度为27.9 MPa。     

等离子体改性废橡胶胶粉及其与PVC共混复合材料的研究

利用等离子体对废橡胶胶粉(SRP)进行了表面处理,并将其与聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行共混,研究了等离子体处理前后胶粉／PVC复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明,胶粉等离子体改性后,不仅提高了胶粉与PVC之间的粘接强度,而且提高了PVC／SRP复合材料的力学性能。采用氧等离子处理2min后,PVC／SRP复合材料具有较好的力学性能。扫描电镜观察(SEM)表明。未处理胶粉／PVC复合材料的冲击断裂形貌表现为胶粉的脱落;等离子体处理后胶粉／PVC复合材料冲击断裂形貌则表现为胶粉的本体破坏。     

碳纳米管/丁苯橡胶复合材料的电学性能

采用喷雾干燥法可制备不同配比的碳纳米管（Carbon nanotubes,CNTs）/粉末丁苯橡胶复合材料,观察CNTs在橡胶基体中的分散情况,检测复合材料的导电性能及介电性能,并进行了简要的理论分析。结果表明:CNTs在橡胶基体中获得了充分均匀的分散,有利于CNTs改性补强作用的发挥。与纯胶样品及填充炭黑（Carbon black,CB）样品相比, 填充CNTs样品在8~18GHz下具有较高的介电常数及低介电损耗。随着CNTs加入量的增加,CNTs/粉末丁苯橡胶复合材料的电导率逐渐升高,当CNTs加入量为60phr（per hundred rubber）时,与纯胶样品及添加60phr CB样品相比,电导率提高近10个数量级;复合材料内部导电同时存在隧道导电机制和渗逾导电机制。采用喷雾干燥法制备的CNTs/粉末丁苯橡胶复合材料,将是一种综合性能良好的新型纳米复合材料,有望在抗静电橡胶、电磁屏蔽及介电材料等领域获得应用。      

Preparation and properties of the powder SBR composites filled with CNTs by spray drying process

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled powder styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were prepared by spray drying of the suspension of CNTs in SBR latex. The powder was spherical like and uniform with an average diameter of less than 10 μm. The dispersion of CNTs in the rubber matrix was improved remarkably compared with that in the rubber composites obtained by the conventional mechanical mixing method. Further study about the effect of CNTs on the prepared SBR composites was performed by analyzing the vulcanization process of the SBR powder, thermal and mechanical properties of the vulcanized SBR composites. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis indicated that the glass transition temperatures of SBR composites increased with the increasing ratio of CNTs. The vulcanization process showed that CNTs could decelerate the vulcanization of the SBR composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the storage modulus of the composites was improved with the CNTs additions, especially when the CNTs addition exceeded 30 phr. Compared with pure SBR composites, the hardness, tensile and tear strengths of the composites filled with 60 phr CNTs enhanced 73.9%, 327.7% and 191.1%, respectively, which should be ascribed to the excellent mechanical properties of CNTs and uniform dispersion of CNTs in the rubber matrix.     

Use of rice husks as potential filler in styrene butadiene rubber/linear low density polyethylene blends in the presence of maleic anhydride

In the present study, rice husks filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) 50/50 blends with a compatibilizer, maleic anhydride (MAH) were prepared using a brabender plasti-corder. Virgin SBR/LLDPE blend was also prepared. The physico-mechanical as well as dielectric properties were investigated. Increasing MAH concentrations in SBR/LLDPE blends resulted in an increase in the tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness. After a certain concentration (2.5 phr), a reduction in these properties was found. On the other hand an increase in the dielectric properties as well as in the mass swell in both toluene and oil with MAH was noticed. After certain concentration of rice husk filler (25 phr) an abrupt increase in permittivity ε′ and dielectric loss ε″ was obtained. These results are supported by the mechanical properties measurements. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the presence of MAH increases the interfacial interaction between SBR/LLDPE blends on one hand and also rice husk filler and the blend on the other hand.     

Effect of grafting cellulose acetate and methylmethacrylate as compatibilizer onto NBR/SBR blends

Compatibilizer is used for improving of processability, interfacial interaction and mechanical properties of polymer blends. In this study acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) blends were compatibilized by a graft copolymer of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) grafted with cellulose acetate (CA) i.e. (NBR-g-CA) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) grafted with methylmethacrylate i.e. (NBR-g-MMA). Compatibilizers were prepared by gamma radiation induced grafting of NBR with cellulose acetate (CA) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) were added with different ratios to NBR/SBR (50/50) blend. The compatibilized blends were evaluated by rheometric characteristics, physico-mechanical properties, swelling behavior, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal analysis. The results showed that, the blends with graft copolymer effect greatly on the rheological characteristics [optimum cure time (Tc₉₀), scorch time (Ts₂), and the cure rate index (CRI)]. The physico-mechanical properties of the investigated blends were enhanced by the incorporation of these graft copolymers, while the resistance to swelling in toluene became higher. SEM photographs confirm that, these compatibilizers improve the interfacial adhesion between NBR/SBR (50/50) blend which induce compatibilization in the immiscible blends. The efficiency of the compatibilizer was also evaluated by studying the thermogravimetric analysis.     

The effects of electron beam irradiation on the thermal properties,fatigue life and natural weathering of styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber blends

The effects of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the thermal properties, fatigue life and natural weathering of styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (SBR/NBRr) blends were investigated. The SBR/NBRr blends were prepared at 95/5, 85/15, 75/25, 65/35, or 50/50 blend ratios with and without the presence of a 3 part per hundred rubber (phr) of polyfunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). Results indicate that the crystallisation temperature (T_c) observed in polymeric blends is due to the alignment of polymer chains forming a semi-crystalline phase. Addition of TMPTA helps to align polymer chains through crosslinking. More crosslinking occurred between polymer blends with the help of TMPTA, upon irradiation. The improvement in fatigue life can also be associated with the stabilisation of SBR/NBRr blends upon irradiation and irradiation-induced crosslinking, which was accomplished with relatively low radiation-induced oxidative degradation in the presence of TMPTA. The tensile properties of both blends decreased over the periods of environmental exposure due to the effect of polymer degradation. After 6 months, the irradiated SBR/NBRr blends could not retain better retention [mainly with 25, 35 or 50 phr of recycled acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBRr) particles] due to the samples becoming brittle over the long period of outdoor exposure.     

Utilization of new micronized and nano-CoO·MgO/kaolin mixed pigments in improving the properties of styrene–butadiene rubber composites

The present work highlights the role of a new prepared core–shell pigment based on kaolin as the bulk (core) covered with cobalt oxide and magnesium oxide comprising the surface of the pigment (shell). The new pigment was prepared in the micronized and nano-sized particles and its effect on the different properties of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates was studied. Incorporation of these two particle sized pigments and their varied content of cobalt oxide to magnesium oxide in the shell of the different pigments in different styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizates was done, and their effects on the rheological, physical, mechanical and dielectric properties was studied. The study showed that there was a significant effect of these new pigments on SBR properties, and that the optimum micronized pigment loading in SBR was 30 phr, while that of the nano-pigment was 6 phr. The different measured properties were in good agreement with each other.     

Modified phosphate pigments as high performance reinforcing materials for rubber vulcanizates

This study is focusing on the synthesis of novel modified micronized phosphate pigments as reinforcing materials for the vulcanizates of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber (NR) and their blends. The metal phenyl phosphate pigments were prepared via co-precipitation process from the reaction of equimolar ratios of the disodium phenyl phosphate solution and the water soluble salts of the investigated metals. The white prepared phosphate pigments were introduced in the rubber formulations to replace carbon black the highly common and commercial reinforcing material in rubber vulcanizates. The rheometric characteristics, physico-mechanical properties in addition to the accelerated aging properties of the rubber vulcanizates were investigated, discussed and interpreted in the light of previous studies. The results showed that, phenyl phosphate pigments exercised a great effect on the rheological characteristics (scorch time, cure time…etc.), and achieved high performance and pronounced mechanical properties. The stress and strain at yield and at rupture of the loaded rubber with modified phosphates are better than that loaded with carbon black and Hisil e.g. tensile strength data were (20.0–23.4), 18.01 MPa and 15.05 for rubber blend vulcanizates loaded with 30 phr of modified phosphate pigments, carbon black and Hisil, respectively.     

Enhancing mechanical properties of styrene–butadiene rubber/silica nanocomposites by in situ interfacial modification with a novel rare-earth complex

In this study, a novel rare-earth complex, dithio-aminomethyl-lysine samarium (DALSm), was prepared and then was employed as activator, accelerator, cross-linker and interfacial modifier to improve the mechanical properties of SBR/silica nanocomposites. The results showed that 6 phr DALSm performed a higher vulcanization efficiency than the combination of 5 phr activator zinc oxide (ZnO), 2 phr stearic acid (SA), and 2 phr accelerator diethyl dithiocarbamate zinc (EDCZn). Meanwhile, the XPS and FTIR analysis of DALSm/silica model compounds confirmed that hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds could be formed between DALSm and silica during vulcanization process, which can effectively facilitate the homogenous dispersion of silica particles into SBR matrix and enhance the interface adhesion between rubber matrix and filler. As a consequent, the mechanical properties of SBR/DALSm/silica nanocomposites were substantially improved and much more excellent than those of the SBR/EDCZn/silica nanocomposites containing equivalent filler content. Based on the results of immobilized polymer layer, the reinforcing mechanism of DALSm in SBR/silica nanocomposites was analyzed.     

实用型磁敏橡胶的制备和力学性能

以NR/SBR并用胶为基体制备磁敏橡胶,研究了偶联剂修饰羰基铁粉和不同羰基铁粉、炭黑N660及软化剂橡胶油B-15的含量对其物理、力学性能以及磁流变性能的影响。结果表明:以NR/SBR并用胶为基体,使用适量硅烷偶联KH-570修饰的羰基铁粉(含量为300 Phr)(以纯橡胶或生胶重量为100 Phr的相对量单位,下同)、炭黑N660(含量为40 Phr)和软化剂橡胶油B-15(含量为15 Phr)制备的磁敏橡胶,具有最佳的物理与力学性能和磁流变效应。这是合理结构偶联剂修饰、炭黑增强、软化剂增韧等效应综合作用的结果。