钎焊参数对Al2O3陶瓷/304不锈钢接头组织和性能的影响

本工作采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎焊了Al₂O₃陶瓷和304不锈钢,分别研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对Al₂O₃陶瓷/304不锈钢接头组织和性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：接头组织为Al₂O₃/Cu₃Ti₃O+TiCu/Ag(s, s)+Cu(s, s)+TiCu/Cu0.8Fe0.2Ti/Fe-Cr/304。当钎焊温度较低、保温时间较短时,Cu₃Ti₃O反应层较薄,Al₂O₃陶瓷与钎缝的结合较弱;在900℃保温10 min时,Cu₃Ti₃O反应层厚度为2.5μm,接头最大剪切强度为130.54 MPa;继续提高钎焊温度和延长保温时间,Cu₃Ti₃O反应层过厚,降低了钎缝的塑性变形能力。Cu₃Ti₃O反应层厚...     

FeCoZrNbB合金的晶化过程及磁性能

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe_81-xCo_xZr₇Nb₂B₁₀(x = 2, 4, 6) 系非晶合金,并对该系非晶合金进行热处理。利用X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计研究FeCoZrNbB 合金系的晶化过程和磁性能。结果表明,Fe_81-xCo_xZr₇Nb₂B₁₀(x = 2, 4, 6) 系合金在快淬速率为30 m/s时完全形成非晶。Fe₇₉Co₂Zr₇Nb₂B₁₀合金的晶化过程为非晶→非晶+α-Fe→α-Fe + Fe₃Zr + Fe₂Nb_0.4Zr_0.6;Fe₇₇Co₄Zr₇Nb₂B₁₀与Fe₇₅Co₆Zr₇Nb₂B₁₀合金的晶化过程相同为非晶→非晶+α-Fe→ α-Fe + Fe₃Zr →α-Fe + Fe₃Zr + Fe₂Nb_0.4Zr_0.6。Co 含量的增加抑制了退火后α-Fe晶相的形核,并促使Fe 3Zr化合物更易析出。Fe_81-xCo_xZr₇Nb₂B₁₀(x = 2, 4, 6) 合金的比饱和磁化强度( M_s) 和矫顽力 ( H_c) 随退火温度的变化趋势相同。530℃ 之前退火,随退火温度的升高M s增加并不明显 ; 530℃之后退火,M_s迅速上升。530℃ 退火,H_c达到最小值;高于530℃ 退火,H_c随退火温度的升高而增加。      

V-Ti-Fe三元合金显微组织、氢传输行为及耐蚀性能研究

Nb-Ti-Fe双相合金已被证实具有优异的渗氢性能,有望成为替代传统Pd膜的渗氢材料。V和Nb同属于5B族,具有类似的物理化学性质,但是,V-Ti-Fe双相合金组织转变规律和渗氢性能至今无人研究。基于此,本工作对V-Ti-Fe三元合金的显微组织和渗氢行为开展了详细研究,并探索了热处理和电化学腐蚀对改善渗氢性能的可能性。研究结果表明：V-Ti-Fe三元合金体系中存在一个包共晶凝固反应,即L+TiFe₂→Bcc-(V,Ti)+TiFe (1 626 K)。液相面投影图中存在三个相区,分别为TiFe相区、TiFe₂相区和Bcc-(V,Ti)相区。其中,TiFe相区合金室温组织由初生TiFe相和{Bcc-(V,Ti)+TiFe}共晶结构组成,TiFe₂相区合金室温组织由初生TiFe相、TiFe₂相和Bcc-(V,Ti)相构成,Bcc-(V,Ti)相区合金室温组织由初生Bcc-(V,Ti)相和TiFe相组成,渗氢性能测试证实了该系合金抗氢脆性能较弱。具体来说,上述三区域内部铸态合金在渗氢实验前均发生了不同程度...     

SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢真空活性钎焊

采用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料,通过真空钎焊方法进行了SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢的连接,研究了接头的界面组织、特征点成分和物相,并探讨了钎焊温度(800～930℃)、保温时间(0～30 min)对接头界面组织和连接强度的影响。结果表明,SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢钎焊抗剪断口均发生在SiC陶瓷与钎料连接界面处,由于活性元素Ti的作用,在陶瓷与钎料的界面处形成了连续的反应层,反应生成了Ti C和Ti5Si3;在316L不锈钢与钎料的界面处,生成了Fe-Ti化合物和Cu-Ti化合物。随着钎焊温度升高及保温时间延长,接头强度均呈现出一个峰值,在温度为900℃,保温20 min的工艺条件下可获得最大接头抗剪强度。     

Al2O3陶瓷/AgCuTi/可伐合金钎焊接头力学性能

为实现Al2O3陶瓷与可伐合金的可靠连接,分析影响接头力学性能的因素,测试了Al2O3陶瓷/AgCuTi/可伐合金钎焊接头的抗剪强度,通过光学显微镜、SEM及EDS对断口形貌、成分进行分析,确定了断裂路径.研究表明,钎焊温度为900 ℃,保温时间为5 min时,接头抗剪强度最高,达144 MPa.此时,断裂大部分发生在Al2O3陶瓷/钎料界面处,小部分发生在界面中的TiFe2、TiNi3金属间化合物层.钎焊温度升高,保温时间延长时,界面上出现大量的TiFe2、TiNi3金属间化合物,界面性能弱化,断裂发生在TiFe2、TiNi3金属间化合物层,造成Al2O3陶瓷/AgCuTi/可伐合金接头连接强度降低.     

SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢真空活性钎焊北大核心CSCD

采用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料,通过真空钎焊方法进行了SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢的连接,研究了接头的界面组织、特征点成分和物相,并探讨了钎焊温度(800～930℃)、保温时间(0～30 min)对接头界面组织和连接强度的影响。结果表明,SiC陶瓷与316L不锈钢钎焊抗剪断口均发生在SiC陶瓷与钎料连接界面处,由于活性元素Ti的作用,在陶瓷与钎料的界面处形成了连续的反应层,反应生成了Ti C和Ti5Si3;在316L不锈钢与钎料的界面处,生成了Fe-Ti化合物和Cu-Ti化合物。随着钎焊温度升高及保温时间延长,接头强度均呈现出一个峰值,在温度为900℃,保温20 min的工艺条件下可获得最大接头抗剪强度。     

不基于熔态润湿的Al/Al2O3直接钎焊

针对Al熔液在850℃以下不润湿Al₂O₃而难以直接钎焊的困难, 本工作研究了溅射Al对Al₂O₃的“润湿”作用, 提出了一种采用溅射Al基薄膜作为钎料直接钎焊Al₂O₃的方法。结果表明, 这种方法可以在不满足熔态Al润湿条件的680℃实现Al和Al-Cu合金对Al₂O₃的直接真空钎焊, 并且仅需0.1 Pa的真空度。所获得的Al/Al₂O₃的接头剪切强度达到115 MPa, Al-1.6at% Cu合金钎焊接头的剪切强度可提高到163 MPa, 当钎料中的Cu含量提高至14.3at%后, 钎焊接头中焊缝与陶瓷界面产生Cu的偏聚, 接头的剪切强度因界面断裂降低为127 MPa。并对这种不基于金属熔态润湿钎焊方法的原理进行了分析讨论。     

CoFe基和Fe基高温钎料钎焊TiAl合金接头微观组织

为避免高温钎焊条件下钎料与TiAl母材发生过度反应,设计了CoFe基和Fe基两种高温钎料。在1100℃/10min和1200℃/10min条件下进行了钎料对TiAl合金的润湿性实验,在1180℃/5min条件下进行TiAl合金的真空钎焊实验。结果表明,1200℃/10min条件下两种钎料在TiAl合金上润湿角约为30°。与Ni基钎料相比,两种钎料与TiAl的界面反应程度得到缓解。CoFe基钎料对应接头界面主要形成Ti3Al,TiAl,硅化物和(Ti,Cr)-B,而在宽度较窄的(约10μm)钎缝中心形成了富Cr固溶体。Fe基钎料接头组织基本与CoFe基钎料接头类似,区别在于钎缝中心为残余钎料区,宽度约40μm,主要为Fe基固溶体。残余钎料区附近生成TiB和TiB2两种硼化物,与CoFe基钎料接头中硼化物相比,数量明显增多。     

钎缝间隙对316L不锈钢真空钎焊接头组织的影响

采用镍基钎料BNi2+40%BNi5对316L不锈钢进行真空钎焊。主要通过光学显微镜、电子探针显微分析仪、硬度计等研究了3种钎缝间隙下钎焊接头的显微组织、钎缝成分分布以及钎缝显微硬度。结果表明316L不锈钢的钎焊接头主要由固溶体、共晶组织及网状化合物组成,硼、硅是导致化合物相产生的主要合金元素;随着钎缝间隙的减小,钎焊接头中金属间化合物相的含量逐渐减小,当钎缝间隙为30μm时,接头组织基本为固溶体。     

SiC陶瓷真空钎焊接头显微组织和性能

在高真空条件下采用Ti-35Zr-35Ni-15Cu(质量分数/%)钎料对SiC陶瓷进行了钎焊连接,研究了接头界面组织的形成过程以及工艺参数对接头性能的影响。结果表明:钎料与SiC陶瓷发生了复杂的界面反应,生成了多种界面产物。当钎焊温度为960℃,保温时间为10min时,SiC陶瓷侧形成了连续的TiC和Ti5Si3+Zr2Si层,同时Ti5Si3+Zr2Si向钎缝中心生长呈长条状。SiC陶瓷到接头钎缝中心的显微组织依次为:SiC/TiC/Ti5Si3+Zr2Si/Zr(s,s)/Ti(s,s)+Ti2(Cu,Ni)/(Ti,Zr)(Ni,Cu)。钎焊温度为960℃,保温时间为30min时,长条状的Ti5Si3+Zr2Si贯穿了整个接头。钎焊接头强度随着钎焊温度的升高和钎焊时间的延长都呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当钎焊温度为960℃,保温时间为10min时,接头的剪切强度最高,达到了110MPa。     

Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of Ti3Al-base alloy with NiCrSiB

Brazing of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB was carried out at 1273–1373 K for 60–1800 s. The relationship of brazing parameters and shear strength of the joints was discussed, and the optimum brazing parameters were obtained. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows: brazing temperature is 1323–1373 K, brazing time is 250–300 s. The maximum shear strength of the joint is 240–250 MPa. Three kinds of reaction products were observed to have formed during the brazing of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB, namely, TiAl₃ (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds formed close to the Ti₃Al alloy. TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds layer formed between TiAl₃ (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds and the filler metal and a Ni[s,s] solid solution formed in the middle of the joint. The interfacial structure of brazed Ti₃Al alloy joints with the filler metal NiCrSiB is Ti₃Al/TiAl₃ (TiB₂)/TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂)/Ni[s,s] solid solution/TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂)/TiAl₃ (TiB₂)/Ti₃Al, and this structure will not change with brazing time once it forms. The formation of over many intermetallic compounds TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) results in embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The thickness of TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds increases with brazing time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity K₀ of the reaction layer TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) in the brazed joints of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB are 349 kJ/mol and 24.02 mm²/s, respectively, and the growth formula was y²=24.04exp(−41977.39/T)t. Careful control of the growth of the reaction layer TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) can influence the final joint strength.     

Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of Ti3Al-base alloy with different filler metals

The interfacial microstructure and properties of brazed joints of a Ti₃Al-based alloy were investigated in this paper to meet the requirements of the use of Ti₃Al-based alloy in the aeronautic and space industries. The effects of different brazing fillers on the interfacial microstructure and shear strength were studied. The relationship between brazing parameters and shear strength of the joints was discussed, and the optimum brazing parameters were obtained. The brazed joints were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by means of EPMA, SEM and XRD. The results showed that using a AgCuZn brazing filler, TiCu, Ti(Cu,Al)₂ and Ag[s,s] were formed, the shear strength of the joint was decreased because of the formation of TiCu and Ti(Cu,Al)₂; using a CuP brazing filler, Cu₃P, TiCu and Cu[s,s] were formed at the interface of the joint, the former two intermetallic compounds decreased the shear strength. The analysis also indicated that using the TiZrNiCu brazing filler, the optimum parameters were temperature T=1323 K, joining time t=5 min, and the maximum shear strength was 259.6 MPa. For the AgCuZn brazing filler, the optimum parameters were joining temperature T=1073 K, joining time t=5 min, and the maximum shear strength was 165.4 MPa. To the CuP brazing filler, the optimum parameters were joining temperature T=1223 K, joining time t=5 min, and the maximum shear strength is 98.6 MPa. Consulting the results of P. He, J.C. Feng and H. Zhou [Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of Ti₃Al-base alloy with NiCrSiB, Mater. Charact., 52(8) (2004) 309–318], relative to the other brazing fillers, TiZrNiCu is the optimum brazing filler for brazing Ti₃Al-based alloy.     

Brazing of 422 stainless steel using the AWS classification BNi-2 Braze alloy

The study of brazing 422 stainless steel (422SS) using the AWS classification BNi-2 braze alloy as the filler metal is evaluated in the study. The BNi-2 braze alloy demonstrates excellent wettability on the 422SS substrate for temperatures exceeding 1025 °C. The brazed joint is primarily comprised of the Ni-rich matrix and chromium boride. Additionally, the B–Cr–Fe precipitates are formed at the interface between the braze and 422SS. Some Kirkendall porosity is also observed in the braze close to the interface, due to nonsymmetrical interdiffusion between the braze and 422SS substrate. Shear strengths of brazed joints are varied from 306 to 481 MPa. The infrared brazed specimen shows the highest shear strength among all brazed specimens. Increasing brazing temperature and/or time result in decreased shear strength of the brazed joint.     

CuTiNiZrV Amorphous Alloy Foils for Vacuum Brazing of TiAl Alloy to 40Cr Steel

Vacuum brazing of TiAl alloy to 40Cr steel sheets was conducted with newly developed CuTiNiZrV amorphous foils. It was found that a diffusion layer,filler metal and reaction layer existed in the brazed seam. The diffusion layer in the joint brazed with Cu43.75Ti37.5Ni6.25Zr6.25V6.25(at.%) foil was flat and thin,containing Ti19Al6 and Ti2Cu intermetallic compounds; however,the diffusion layer brazed with Cu37.5Ti25Ni12.5Zr12.5V12.5 foil was uneven with bulges,consisting of essentially Ti-based solute solution. The foil with 12.5 at.% V showed inferior spreadability compared to that with 6.25 at.% V at brazing temperature. However,fracture happened along the diffusion layer with 6.25 at.% V foil due to the formation of brittle intermetallic phases,but the joints brazed with 12.5 at.% V foil failed through the TiAl substrate. These results show that designing amorphous alloy with less Ti and more V for brazing TiAl alloy to steel is appropriate.     

Microstructure, mechanical properties and chemical degradation of brazed AISI 316 stainless steel/alumina systems

The main aims of the present study are simultaneously to relate the brazing parameters with: (i) the correspondent interfacial microstructure, (ii) the resultant mechanical properties and (iii) the electrochemical degradation behaviour of AISI 316 stainless steel/alumina brazed joints. Filler metals on such as Ag–26.5Cu–3Ti and Ag–34.5Cu–1.5Ti were used to produce the joints. Three different brazing temperatures (850, 900 and 950 °C), keeping a constant holding time of 20 min, were tested. The objective was to understand the influence of the brazing temperature on the final microstructure and properties of the joints. The mechanical properties of the metal/ceramic (M/C) joints were assessed from bond strength tests carried out using a shear solicitation loading scheme. The fracture surfaces were studied both morphologically and structurally using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The degradation behaviour of the M/C joints was assessed by means of electrochemical techniques.

It was found that using a Ag–26.5Cu–3Ti brazing alloy and a brazing temperature of 850 °C, produces the best results in terms of bond strength, 234 ± 18 MPa. The mechanical properties obtained could be explained on the basis of the different compounds identified on the fracture surfaces by XRD. On the other hand, the use of the Ag–34.5Cu–1.5Ti brazing alloy and a brazing temperature of 850 °C produces the best results in terms of corrosion rates (lower corrosion current density), 0.76 ± 0.21 μA cm⁻². Nevertheless, the joints produced at 850 °C using a Ag–26.5Cu–3Ti brazing alloy present the best compromise between mechanical properties and degradation behaviour, 234 ± 18 MPa and 1.26 ± 0.58 μA cm⁻², respectively. The role of Ti diffusion is fundamental in terms of the final value achieved for the M/C bond strength. On the contrary, the Ag and Cu distribution along the brazed interface seem to play the most relevant role in the metal/ceramic joints electrochemical performance.     

Microstructure and strength of diffusion-bonded joints of TiAl base alloy to steel

Diffusion bonding of TiAl-based alloy to steel was carried out at 850–1100 °C for 1–60 min under a pressure of 5–40 MPa in this paper. The relationship of the bond parameters and tensile strength of the joints was discussed, and the optimum bond parameters were obtained. When products are diffusion-bonded, the optimum bond parameters are as follows: bonding temperature is 930–960 °C, bonding pressure is 20–25 MPa, bonding time is 5–6 min. The maximum tensile strength of the joint is 170–185 MPa. The reaction products and the interface structures of the joints were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Three kinds of reaction products were observed to have formed during the diffusion bonding of TiAl-based alloy to steel, namely Ti₃Al+FeAl+FeAl₂ intermetallic compounds formed close to the TiAl-based alloy. A decarbonised layer formed close to the steel and a face-centered cubic TiC formed in the middle. The interface structure of diffusion-bonded TiAl/steel joints is TiAl/Ti₃Al+FeAl+FeAl₂/TiC/decarbonised layer/steel, and this structure will not change with bond time once it forms. The formation of the intermetallic compounds results in the embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The thickness of each reaction layer increases with bonding time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity K₀ of the reacting layer Ti₃Al+FeAl+FeAl₂+TiC in the diffusion-bonded joints of TiAl base alloy to steel are 203 kJ/mol and 6.07 mm²/s, respectively. Careful control of the growth of the reacting layer Ti₃Al+FeAl+FeAl₂+TiC can influence the final joint strength.     

Hot pressing diffusion bonding of a titanium alloy to a stainless steel with an aluminum alloy interlayer

The probability and appropriate processing parameters of hot pressing diffusion bonding (HP–DW) of a titanium alloy (TC4) to a stainless steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti) with an aluminum alloy (LF6) interlayer have been investigated. The microstructure of the bonded joints has been observed by optical microscopy, SEM, XRD and EDX, and the main factors affecting hot pressing and diffusion bonding process were analyzed. The results showed that atom diffused well and no intermetallic compound or other brittle compounds appeared at optimum parameters. The fracture way of joints was ductile fracture. With the increment of bonding temperature, large number of intermetallic compounds such as FeAl₆, Fe₃Al, FeAl₂ which were brittle appeared along the interface between the stainless steel and the aluminum alloy interlayer, as a result, the quality of joints was decreased significantly and the fracture way of joints was brittle fracture.     

Improving the strength of brazed joints to alumina by adding carbon fibres

The addition of short, bare, carbon fibres to a silver-based active brazing alloy (63Ag-34Cu-2Ti-1Sn) resulted in up to 30% improvement in the shear/tensile joint strength of brazed joints between stainless steel and alumina. The optimum fibre volume fraction in the brazing material was 12%. This improvement is attributed to the thinning and microstructural simplification of the alumina/braze reaction product (titanium-rich) layer, the softening of the brazing alloy matrix, the strengthening of the braze and the reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion. The depth of titanium diffusion into the alumina was decreased by the fibre addition. The first two effects are due to the absorption of titanium by the fibres. This absorption resulted in less titanium in the brazing alloy matrix, a braze/fibre particulate reaction product (titanium-rich) on the fibres and the diffusion of titanium into the fibres. In contrast, the use of an active brazing alloy with a lower titanium content but without carbon fibres gave much weaker joints. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of brazing temperature on the microstructure of martensitic–austenitic steel joints

Dissimilar joining of reduced activation ferritic–martensitic steel to AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel is carried out by brazing in inert atmosphere at three different temperatures, i.e. 980, 1020 and 1040°C using AWS BNi-2 powder. The braze joints are characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness measurement. With increasing brazing temperature from 980 to 1040°C, the approximate width of the braze layer decreases from 350 to 80?µm and hardness reduces from 600 to 410?VHN. However, not much difference is found in microstructure and hardness between braze joints produced at 1020 and 1040°C. With increasing brazing temperature, morphology and volume fraction of intermetallics formed in the braze layer change, thereby reducing the hardness variation between the braze layer and the base metal.