电泳沉积-烧结法制备TiC涂层及相关因素作用初探

碳化钛涂层是一种重要的功能性涂层,因具有良好的性能而被广泛应用于刀具、模具等行业.电泳沉积(EPD)制备涂层设备简单、成本低、成膜快、厚度均匀,并且在较大范围内可控.为此,将电泳沉积法与烧结法结合,在YT15硬质合金制品上制备出均匀的TiC涂层,研究了碳化钛粉末在悬浮介质中的荷电机理,考察了碳化钛粉末在有机悬浮液中的分散性和分散稳定性,对涂层结构进行了表征,并探讨了电泳沉积过程中的一些因素对涂层的影响.     

TA15钛合金表面原位合成TiC增强钛基激光熔覆层的组织与耐磨性EI北大核心CSCD

采用激光熔覆技术在TA15钛合金表面原位合成TiC增强钛基涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱分析仪、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究涂层的成形质量、微观组织、物相组成、硬度和摩擦学性能。结果表明:涂层主要由β-Ti,Co_(3)Ti,CrTi_(4)和TiC等物相组成,涂层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合。涂层结合区组织是平面晶和柱状晶,中部组织是树枝晶,顶部组织是等轴晶。涂层各微区的碳化钛形貌有显著差别,其中顶部和中部区域碳化钛为粗大的树枝状和花瓣状,而结合区为针状和近球状。涂层显微硬度最大值为715HV,约是TA15显微硬度(330HV)的2.1倍;同等条件下涂层磨损量为30.14 mg,约为TA15磨损量98.11 mg的30.7%。涂层与基体的磨损机制均为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损的复合磨损模式,但涂层的磨损程度较轻。     

碳化鈦气相沉积試驗小結

用气相沉积的方法在硬质合金和模具钢上沉积碳化钛(Tic),以提高硬度和耐磨性.是国内外一种新发展的表面强化方法.碳化钛涂层厚度一般为4~7微米,硬度仅次于金刚石.目前这种新工艺引     

自生TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的制备及其性能研究

本文对自生反应法合成碳化钛颗粒增强Ti-6Al4V基复合材料的制备过程进行了研究,设计了两种反应途径,并成功地制备出该类复合材料.碳化钛颗粒的体积百分含量可以通过处理温度、时间等工艺参数来控制,碳化钛的显微硬度达到2050～2300 kg/mm2左右.特别是,通过这一化学反应处理,钛基体中的氯含量被明显地降低.最后,测定了该类复合材料的硬度和拉伸性能,结果表明,其性能随碳化钛颗粒体积分数的增加而升高,特别其高温特性尤为明显.     

用于纤维材料表面耐磨涂层的制备与性能表征

为使涤纶织物应用范围更广,更耐磨,本文制备了一种有机硅树脂基纳米硼化钛碳化钛复合涂层,通过正交实验法得到最佳的涂层方案,并尝试将其应用于涤纶织物,以改善涤纶织物的表面结构,进而实现涤纶织物表面优异的耐磨性能.为测试涂层对涤纶织物性能的影响, 采用泰伯式耐磨仪、液滴形状分析仪、电子织物强力机、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了涂层织物的耐磨性能、疏水性能、物理机械性能和磨损织物的表面微观形态.研究表明：当有机硅树脂与无水乙醇质量比为75: 25,含量(质量分数)为93%;超分散剂含量为1.5%;乙醇增稠剂含量为1.5%;纳米硼化钛和碳化钛质量比为2: 1,含量为4%时,所得涂层溶液应用于涤纶织物后会形成一层包覆层,耐磨性能最优.对于涂覆量为15 g/m²的涤纶,拉伸断裂强力由573.92 N提高到620.48 N,顶破强力由652.34 N提高到790.07 N,撕裂强力由9.87 N降低到5.78 N,疏水性能有较大提高,接触角可达到120°以上.     

第三组元氮元素对TaMo高温合金涂层组织和性能的影响

通过磁控溅射法在硅基材上制备了不同基底温度的TaMo和TaMoN涂层,采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了在第三组元N加入的情况下TaMo涂层的表面形貌和组织结构,采用CHI电化学分析仪分析了涂层的耐腐蚀性能,并分别对涂层进行了1000℃+300h高温氧化性能试验.实验结果表明,两种基底温度工艺下氮元素的加入对TaMo涂层的组织结构和表面形貌均有显著影响.另外,氮元素的加入可以提高TaMo涂层的耐腐蚀性能,但对TaMo涂层的耐高温性能没有改善.     

碳包覆碳化钛壳／核型纳米材料制备及其电催化性能

采用直流电弧等离子体法,在甲烷和氢气混合气氛下蒸发块体钛,制备出碳包覆碳化钛（C@TiC）壳／核型纳米结构粒子,利用x射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪和透射电子显微镜进行了物相、结构及形貌表征,结果表明,所制备的纳米粒子为碳包覆碳化钛结构,其碳包覆层厚度约1nm,部分纳米粒子呈现规则的六棱形貌。利用涂层法将碳包覆碳化钛纳米粉体制成电极,并通过循环伏安测试及电化学降解2,4－二氯酚实验,研究了碳包覆碳化钛纳米粒子的电化学性能及有机物降解性能。在一定负压范围内,碳包覆碳化钛纳米材料电极的降解效率随着负向电压的增大而增大;当电压为－1．0v时,其降解速率为8．55mg／（L·h）;当电压为-0．5v时,降解速率为7．57mg／（L·h）。     

先驱体紫外光固化法制备隔热涂层

以聚硅氮烷先驱体为原料,采用紫外光固化法在Cf/SiC复合材料基体上制备隔热涂层,通过配方的研究和工艺的优化,得到了粘结性良好的多孔隔热涂层.结果表明聚硅氮烷紫外光固化涂层与Cf/SiC复合材料基体相容性良好.二氧化硅填料可降低先驱体转化的体积收缩,提高涂层高温性能.     

日本科技厅开发能耐1000℃的陶瓷涂层材料

日本科技厅开发了耐热性达1000℃、密着性也优良的碳化钛-氮化钛系的陶瓷涂层材料。虽然作为涂膜开发的碳化钛,由于熔点高达3000℃,硬度也高,化学稳定性也好而引人注目,但是它具有在1000℃左右时硬度降低,同基材的密着性也降低的缺点。研究人员为了克服这一缺点,通过将氮化钛夹     

卷材用聚氨酯抗菌涂料的研制

为了研制合适的、具有优异抗菌性能的卷材用涂料/涂层,根据颜料体积浓度(PVC)、临界颜料体积浓度(CPVC)对卷材涂料耐腐蚀性、附着力等性能的影响,结合卷材涂料黏度、固含量等性能指标,选取合适的材料,设计并研制了聚氨酯抗菌涂料与涂层.大肠杆菌试验表明,该涂层在抗菌剂含量质量分数为0.5%时,抗菌率达99.9%,具有优异的抗菌性能.涂料、涂层的基本性能测试表明,各项性能均符合要求.     

Tribological properties of carbonitride coatings formed on titanium by thermodiffusion carbonitriding

We have studied the tribological properties of VT14 titanium alloy with carbonitride coatings formed by the contact and noncontact method and binary (oxide and nitride) coatings. In the case of the contact method, specimens are saturated in a graphite backfill, and in the case of the noncontact method, specimens are located above it. We have investigated the wear resistance of a “titanium disk–bronze block” friction pair in AMH-10 hydraulic fluid under a load to 3 MPa on a friction path to 15 km. It has been established that coatings based on ternary interstitial compounds (titanium carbonitrides) provide a higher wear resistance than that of coatings based on binary interstitial compounds (titanium nitrides and oxides).     

Corrosion properties of titanium based hard coatings on steel

Titanium nitride TiN, titanium boronitride Ti(B,N) and titanium carbonitride Ti(C,N) coatings were deposited by PA-CVD on tempering and stainless steel substrates. The deposition process can be supervised by OES. The coatings were characterized XRD, SEM and WDS as well as hardness, adhesion and friction tests. Electrochemical impedance measurements and cyclic voltammetry in praxis relevant media were carried out. Mechanical and corrosion properties of the coatings can be controlled by the PA-CVD process parameters. The incorporation of chlorine in the coating can be varied by the process parameters with TiCl₄ or completely avoided using metallo-organic precursors. No influence of the chlorine content on the corrosion behavior was observed. Even coatings with extremely high chlorine content still exhibit an excellent corrosion resistance. Thus, the microstructure of the coating is the key to the corrosion properties of hard coatings on steel. A new micro electrochemical scanning droplet technique with a lateral resolution of 150 μm allows the investigation of TiN-coated substrates of complex geometry. The PA-CVD technique permits the deposition of dense and pinhole free coatings. On structures with simulated aspect ratios less than 3, a dense protective coating is proved. However, if the formation of micro pores is not suppressed by the optimal choice of deposition parameters, low-alloyed steel substrates corrode through pores, causing a detachment of the coating. On layers deposited on stainless steel, no sign of substrate corrosion could be detected. A model for the corrosion mechanism is given in Fig. 17.     

Enhancement of the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys of the Ti-Al-Mo-V system by carbonitriding

We study the regularities of formation of coatings on titanium alloys of the Ti-Al-Mo-V system in the process of saturation in carbon-and-nitrogen-containing media (with an oxygen content of at most 0.01–0.0005 vol.%) and their corrosion-electrochemical behavior in an 80% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The difference between the phase compositions of the coatings formed in different temperature ranges of saturation is revealed. Thus, nitride coatings are formed on the surface at temperatures below 1100°C and carbonitride coatings are formed above 1100°C. It is shown that the physicochemical characteristics of nitride coatings formed in carbon-and-nitrogen-containing media are better than the corresponding characteristics of nitride coatings obtained by nitriding for the same temperature, time, and gas-dynamic parameters of saturation. As the content of cubic δ-nitride in the coating increases, the corrosion characteristics of the surface after saturation in carbon-and-nitrogen-containing media increase. Despite a significant surface roughness of carbonitride coatings, their corrosion resistance is high. __________ Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 78–83, July–August, 2006.     

Industrially-styled room-temperature pulsed laser deposition of titanium-based coatings

Titanium-based compounds are widely used as coating materials for mechanical, tribological, electrical, optical, catalytic, sensoric, micro-electronical applications due to their exceptionally physical and chemical properties. Recently, the trend of using temperature-sensitive materials like polymers and tool steels with the highest hardness demands new low-temperature coating techniques for protective surface finishing as well as for surface functionalization, but up to now there is lack of industrially scaled vacuum coating techniques at temperatures below 50 °C. An alternative for overcoming this problem is the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, which was up-scaled for industrial demands at Laser Center Leoben of JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH.The current paper summarizes the application of the industrially-scaled PLD technique on the deposition of the presently most important Ti-based coatings: metallic titanium, titanium nitride (TiN), titanium oxide (TiO₂) and titanium carbonitride (TiCN). PLD coating allows, even at room temperature, the formation of film structures of Zone-T type of Thornton's structure zone model, both on substrates aligned normal and parallel to the incident vapor flux. The high-energetic deposition conditions are revealed by the occurrence of (2 2 0) textures for the fcc TiN-based films. The dense grown structure affects advantageously the tribological behavior—generally, low wear rates and (for TiCN) very low friction coefficients were found. For TiO₂ coatings, growing as a mixture of β-TiO₂ and amorphous phases, the easily reproducible change of deposition parameters in the room-temperature PLD allows large differences in the optical transmission and electrical resistance.     

Improved Langmuir probe surface coatings for the Cassini satellite

A Langmuir probe will be used on the space research satellite Cassini in order to monitor electron density fluctuations in space plasmas surrounding Saturn. In order to obtain well-defined Langmuir probe characteristics a surface with uniform work function Φ must be used. A graphite coating has been used on earlier earth-bound satellite probes, but for the Cassini satellite to Saturn a hard, wear-resistant coating must be used. In this contribution we report on investigations of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings for this purpose. TiN coatings have been prepared by high temperature nitriding in pure nitrogen gas and by reactive magnetron sputtering on plane titanium and titanium alloy substrates. The resulting coatings have been analysed with laterally resolved, relative Φ measurements, and the tribological properties of the coatings have been investigated by solid particle erosion and scratch testing. In the tests, the graphite coating DAG 213 used on earlier satellite probes was used as a reference material. The results show that the TiN coatings are superior to the graphite coating with regard to both photoelectric properties and solid particle impact resistance. The sputtered coatings exhibit the lowest lateral work function variation, but the nitrided coatings have superior erosion resistance. The results demonstrate that TiN coatings are suitable for space plasma probes.     

Plasmachemical synthesis of coatings using a vacuum arc discharge

In this paper we discuss the issues of applying protective coatings on the copper anodes of powerful generator tubes. As a synthesized material due to its high operational properties was chosen titanium carbide obtained by sputtering a titanium cathode in benzene vapors. Scheme of a vacuum arc device used in this work and also the technological processes for the plasmachemical synthesis of coatings on complex shape anodes are described. For a correct choice of the technological parameters it was considered a model of penetration of the plasma flux into the hollow copper anode that was verified by experiments using a setup with a variable cavity diameter. On the emission spectrum of the discharge in the process of coating deposition shown in this work were recorded spectral lines corresponding to the atoms and ions of titanium and carbon ions. We investigated the distribution of elements across the thickness of the formed coating immediately after deposition and after annealing in vacuum, also the X‐ray diffraction pattern and a microsection for the obtained titanium carbide coating are presented. As a result of the work it can be noted that the described sequence of technological processes, subject to the control of plasma flux parameters, allows obtaining a high quality protective coating on parts of complex shape.     

Enhancement of coating characteristics via improved plasma electrolytic oxidation set-up

The plasma electrolytic oxidation process involves high-temperature operations and exposed to corrosive chemicals. Thus it requires stringent experimental set-up to produce uniform and high-quality coatings. This study proposes an enhancement to the current plasma electrolytic oxidation experimental set up to improve: 1) electrode holder; 2) cathode-anode electrodes, and 3) water-cooling system. In this paper, the focus is dedicated to the first two items. For the first item, the redesigned electrode holder is developed using 3-dimensional software. For the second item, results due to cathode via stainless container as well as carbon electrode are discussed. The performance of the new set-up plasma electrolytic oxidation is compared with the old one by analysing the microstructure and the mechanical properties of titanium dioxide coatings formed on a titanium aluminium vanadium alloy substrate using both set-ups. Surface morphology shows that the coating produced using the new set-up is thicker, denser and has lower porosity as compared to the coating deposited using the old set-up. The mechanical properties of hardness and adhesive strengths of the coating are also improved in the new set-up. Thus, the use of this set-up is recommended for improved coating performance to produce a uniform coating having enhanced mechanical performance.     

氮化物硬质涂层中Cr、Ti和Al元素对摩擦磨损特性的影响

利用四靶闭合场非平衡磁控溅射(CFUBMS)技术在石英玻璃和抛光不锈钢片两种基底上制备含有Cr、Ti和Al元素组合的各种氮化物涂层.采用摩擦磨损仪测试涂层摩擦系数,应用金相显微镜对各个涂层磨痕形态进行分析,结果表明TiN、CrN、TiAlN、CrAlN以及CrTiAlN涂层的摩擦系数依次减小,耐磨特性依次提高;结合涂层的X射线光电子能谱分析,可以得到含有Al元素涂层中形成了AlN的结构,提高涂层的硬度,增加耐磨特性;在涂层中含有Cr元素形成了氧化物Cr2O3可以提高涂层自排屑能力,减小摩擦系数,增加耐磨特性,含Ti元素形成的氧化物TiO2则不利于涂层的摩擦磨损特性;由于CrTiAlN本身具有比三元氮化物更高的涂层硬度,且含有Al和Cr元素,因此该涂层具有最好的摩擦磨损性能.     

Transluzente oxidfaserverstärkte Glasmatrix‐Verbundwerkstoffe

Translucent oxide fiber reinforced glasmatrix composites The aim of the work is the developement of transparent glass matrix composites. Therefore besides the mechanical properties also the optical properties of the components have to be adapted. In this study the influence of different fiber coatings (boron nitride, titanium oxide and a boron nitride/titanium oxide double coating) on the mechanical and optical properties of Nextel 440‐fiber reinforced glass was investigated. Micromechanical investigations (push‐in‐tests) and 3‐point‐bending tests have shown the best improvement of the fracture toughness for the binary boron nitride/titanium oxide coating. For single coatings of boron nitride or titanium oxide the transparency was characterized by the transmission spectra.     

钛合金表面生物活性涂层的发展历程及趋势研究

钛及钛合金表面经常被涂覆上羟磷灰石使其获得良好的生物学性能.指出了对钛及钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石涂层的研究依次经历了单一羟基磷灰石涂层、复合涂层、纳米涂层、梯度涂层几个阶段,分别分析了不同的涂层所面临的问题,提出了纳米梯度涂层是将来钛和钛合金表面涂层发展的新方向.