硬质合金台阶钻结构参数及钻削工艺参数对CFRP开孔性能的影响

基于VMC850B立式加工中心和UltraPAC超声C-扫描仪,搭建了碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)钻削试验平台,探讨了台阶钻结构参数及钻削工艺参数对CFRP钻削过程中的钻削轴向力和分层因子的影响。结果表明,钻削工艺参数对第一段钻削轴向力影响较大,台阶钻结构参数对第二段钻削轴向力的影响较大;分层因子的大小与第一段钻削轴向力和第二段钻削轴向力有关,当第一段和第二段直径比d/D0.5时,分层因子主要与第一段钻削轴向力有关;减小分层的优水平组合为第一段直径2.8mm,第二段锋角95°,主轴转速7000r/min,进给速度2.5mm/s。     

SiCp/Al复合材料薄壁件钻削加工的有限元仿真

本文基于ABAQUS有限元仿真软件,对比研究了SiCp/Al复合材料薄壁件和厚壁工件的钻孔过程及切削力的变化特点,提出了薄壁钻孔的3个特征阶段;同时,通过改变切削参数,对薄壁件的钻削力及最大变形量的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:在切削速度(或进给量)一定的条件下,随着刀具进给量(或切削速度)的增加,轴向力和钻削扭矩大体呈线性增加趋势;切削速度对薄壁钻孔变形影响不大,进给量对薄壁钻孔变形的影响较切削速度显著,薄壁件的最大变形量随进给量的增加而增大。     

基于CFRP层合板钻削轴向力时变曲线的钻头几何形状分析

为探索能够实现碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）层合板低损制孔的钻头几何形状,采用4种不同几何形状的钻头,对T800级CFRP层合板进行钻孔实验研究,分析了钻头几何形状对钻削轴向力的影响,探讨了钻削轴向力与分层损伤之间的关系。结果表明:轴向力归零速度与出口分层因子有较好的正相关性,可采用钻削轴向力归零速度来表征钻头几何形状对CFRP层合板钻孔的适用性能。同时,实验发现切削区域具有多阶段几何特征的钻头,在钻出工件底部时轴向力是分阶段缓慢归零,出口分层因子较小。      

基于复合材料钻削缺陷容差值的工艺参数优化

为实现复合材料层合板在一定钻削缺陷容差值内的工艺参数优化,首先利用SEM对复合材料的组织结构进行测试分析,获得了复合材料层合板的截面形貌和特征尺寸。然后进行钻削加工正交实验,测试了不同加工参数下的钻削轴向力和扭矩,对钻孔过程中产生的分层、撕裂和孔壁圆度误差等缺陷进行测量,分析了缺陷产生的机制,并对测量结果进行非线性拟合得到缺陷的变化规律。通过建立钻削缺陷与轴向力及扭矩偏差的关系,获得了轴向力和扭矩偏差的临界范围。最后以钻头的主轴转速、每转进给量及钻头结构参数中的横刃偏心系数为决策变量,以获得最大材料去除率为优化目标,以钻削缺陷容差值为约束条件,建立了复合材料钻削加工的参数优化模型。 使用MATLAB软件进行工艺参数优化,在保证复合材料钻削质量的前提下,得到了能够实现最大生产效率的钻削参数。     

基于改进Elman神经网络的CFRP补强钢板界面脱粘预测研究

针对碳纤维复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP)补强钢结构出现内部界面脱粘损伤后难以观测的问题,结合Lamb波检测方法和神经网络提出了一种界面脱粘预测方法。搭建了基于Lamb波的CFRP补强钢板信号分析试验平台,利用ABAQUS软件建立了CFRP补强钢板的机电耦合有限元模型,并通过试验验证了有限元模型的准确性。将长方形和圆形两种脱粘形状的信号在时域和频域内进行分析,基于自适应遗传算法改进的Elman神经网络建立了CFRP补强钢板脱粘预测模型,并将与脱粘面积相关性较高的信号特征数据作为预测模型的特征数据。对预测模型进行性能测试,脱粘形状为长方形和圆形预测值的平均绝对百分比误差分别为3.03%和8.06%,结果表明改进的Elman网络对于脱粘损伤具有较好的预测精度。     

超细颗粒增强铝复合材料钻削特性研究

通过超细颗粒增强铝复合材料钻孔试验，找出了钻削用量等因素对钻削力的影响规律，并用轴向力与扭矩之比值来表示铝复合材料的钻削特性；从钻削力考虑，高速钢钻头完全能满足超细颗粒（＜0．5μm)增强铝复合材料的钻孔要求。     

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料与铝板胶螺混合连接接头失效仿真

基于商用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料（CFRP）层合板和铝板双搭接胶螺混合连接接头强度预测模型,并进行了仿真分析,同时与试验结果进行对比,探究了此类混合接头在拉伸载荷工况下的失效形式和承载能力。结果表明,拉伸加载过程中,螺栓通过分担部分载荷加强了胶接连接。混合接头的失效形式先表现为胶层的断裂失效,最终表现为层合板孔边挤压失效。利用模型预测的接头承载能力与试验结果的误差为9.7%,具有较好的吻合性。该分析方法能够为复合材料-金属胶螺混合连接的分析和设计提供一定的参考。      

含雷击热-力耦合损伤复合材料层压板拉伸剩余强度预测

为了对含雷击热-力耦合损伤复合材料层压板的剩余强度进行预测,基于连续介质损伤力学法(CDM)和唯象分析法,建立了表征复合材料雷击热-力耦合损伤的刚度矩阵渐进损伤退化模型。基于该模型,通过ABAQUS有限元仿真软件,建立了含雷击热-力耦合损伤的复合材料层压板结构三维模型。结合UMAT子程序,完成了拉伸载荷下的剩余强度预测。结果表明:通过与试验对比,仿真结果与试验结果取得了良好的一致性。本文所建立模型,能够有效进行含雷击热-力耦合损伤复合材料层压板结构拉伸剩余强度预测。     

Al2O3f+Cf/ZL109混杂复合材料的复合振动钻削加工

用挤压铸造法制备了三氧化二铝短纤维和碳短纤维混杂增强ZL109合金复合材料,并采用永磁复合激振方式进行了轴向与扭转复合振动钻削加工,研究了该材料的钻削加工性及振幅和振动频率对钻削力、钻头磨损和孔精度的影响.结果表明,采用这种复合振动钻削方式,可更明显降低钻削力和提高加工精度.选择合理的振动参数,也可以减轻刀具磨损,因而可改善Al2O3f Cf/ZL109混杂复合材料的钻削加工性.     

CFRP/Al叠层结构制孔缺陷的有限元仿真

应用Abaqus有限元仿真软件,建立了CFRP/Al钻削有限元仿真模型,对CFRP/Al钻孔过程中碳纤维复合材料的撕裂、分层损伤及毛刺的特征和形成机理进行了仿真研究,并进一步分析了切削速度、进给量对CFRP/Al叠层结构制孔缺陷的影响规律。结果表明:麻花钻横刃对碳纤维的拉伸作用是造成撕裂的主要原因;毛刺主要产生在纤维被切削时处于拉伸状态的区域,铝合金切屑对CFRP的划伤也是毛刺形成的原因之一;在CFRP/Al叠层结构制孔缺陷中分层损伤最显著,进给量和切削速度对出入口分层损伤成正相关且对入口处分层影响更大;在这种叠层结构中,铝合金板的支撑作用有效减小了碳纤维复合材料层出口的分层损伤。     

Influence of machining parameters and new nano-coated tool on drilling performance of CFRP/Aluminium sandwich

Drilling and fastening of hybrid materials in one-shot operation reduces cycle time of assembly of aerospace structures. One of the most common problems encountered in automatic drilling and riveting of multimaterial is that the continuous chips curl up on the body of the tool. Drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is manageable, but when the minute drill hits the aluminium (Al) or titanium (Ti), the hot and continuous chips produced during machining considerably damage the CFRP hole. This study aims to solve this problem by employing nano-coated drills on multimaterial made of CFRP and aluminium alloy. The influence of cutting parameters on the quality of the holes, chip formation and tool wear were also analyzed. Two types of tungsten carbide drills were used for the present study, one with nano-coating and the other, without nano coating. The experimental results indicated that the shape and the size of the chips are strongly influenced by feed rate. The thrust force generated during drilling of the composite plate with coated drills was 10–15% lesser when compared to that generated during drilling with uncoated drills; similarly, the thrust force in the aluminium alloy was 50% lesser with coated drills when compared to thrust force generated without coated drills. Thus, the use of nano-coated drills significantly reduced the surface roughness and thrust force when compared with uncoated tools.     

A review of mechanical drilling for composite laminates

Composite laminates (CFRP, GFRP, and fiber metal composite laminates) are attractive for many applications (such as aerospace and aircraft structural components) due to their superior properties. Usually, mechanical drilling operation is an important final machining process for components made of composite laminates. However, composite laminates are regarded as hard-to-machine materials, which results in low drilling efficiency and undesirable drilling-induced delamination. Therefore, it is desirable to improve the cost-effectiveness of currently-available drilling processes and to develop more advanced drilling processes for composite laminates. Such improvement and development will benefit from a comprehensive literature review on drilling of composite laminates. This review paper summarizes an up-to-date progress in mechanical drilling of composite laminates reported in the literature. It covers drilling operations (including conventional drilling, grinding drilling, vibration-assisted twist drilling, and high speed drilling), drill bit geometry and materials, drilling-induced delamination and its suppressing approaches, thrust force, and tool wear. It is intended to help readers to obtain a comprehensive view on mechanical drilling of composite laminates.     

Experimental study on mechanical drilling of carbon/epoxy composite-Ti6Al4V stacks

This paper concerns the experimental studies on the drilling process of multilayer carbon/epoxy composite-Ti6Al4V stacks and their individual material layers using tungsten carbide drills. The significance of the current work aims to reveal the impact of tool wear on the drilling process for CFRP/Ti6Al4V, CFRP and Ti6Al4V. Four groups of machining tests including drilling individual CFRP, individual Ti6Al4V, multilayer CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks with and without a cooling treatment were conducted. Drilling forces, cutting temperatures and hole quality attributes were experimentally investigated in terms of the drill wear extents. The mechanism controlling the tool wear effect on the drilling machinability of CFRP/Ti6Al4V was revealed, providing several implications for the industrial manufacturers. The results highlight the significant impact of the titanium chip ejection on the composite surface quality and the necessity of a rigorous tool wear control to guarantee the damage-free drilling of CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks.     

多齿铣刀侧铣加工多层CFRP铣削力的建模与仿真

由于碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)的层间结合强度较低,进行切削加工时在切削力的作用下容易出现分层和毛刺等质量缺陷。因此,通过对切削力的预测与控制可以有效提高加工质量。采用瞬时刚性力模型对多齿铣刀侧铣多层CFRP材料的加工过程进行铣削力建模与仿真,分析了多齿铣刀特有的几何结构对切削力的影响。试验中保持切削速度恒定,以不同进给速度分别对45°、0°、-45°和90°这4种典型纤维方向的单向CFRP进行侧铣加工,通过测得的切削力数据计算各自的铣削力系数。根据力学矢量叠加原理得到了多向CFRP铣削力系数的简化计算表达式,最后将计算结果代入铣削力模型得到了各时刻的铣削力仿真值。在同样的试验条件下对该多向CFRP进行侧铣加工验证试验,试验结果表明: 该模型能较好地预测铣削力,最大相对误差小于9%,平均相对误差小于5%,可为铣削参数优化和刀具结构优化提供理论基础。     

Thrust force model for ultrasonic-assisted micro drilling of DD6 superalloy

As a typical refractory material, the DD6 nickel-based single-crystal superalloy has important applications in the aviation industry. Ultrasonic-assisted drilling is an advanced machining method that significantly improves machining of refractory materials. The drilling thrust force influences the hole surface quality, burr height, and bit wear. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the thrust force during ultrasonic-assisted drilling. However, there are few reports on the modeling of the thrust force in the ultrasonic-assisted drilling of micro-holes. A thrust force prediction model for ultrasonic-assisted micro-drilling is proposed in this study. Based on the basic cutting principle, the dynamic cutting speed, dynamic cutting thickness, and acoustic softening effect caused by ultrasonic vibrations are factored into this model. Through model calibration, the specific friction force and specific normal force coefficients were determined. The model was verified through ultrasonic-assisted drilling experiments conducted at different feed rates, spindle speeds, frequencies, and amplitudes. The maximum and minimum errors of the average thrust force were 10.5% and 2.3%, respectively. This model accurately predicts the thrust force based on the parameters used for ultrasonic-assisted micro-hole drilling and can assist in the analysis and modeling of DD6 superalloy processing.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-021-00381-y     

双顶角钻头钻削CFRP复合材料的刀具磨损机制

为了研究碳纤维增强树脂基(CFRP)复合材料切削中刀具在不同部位的磨损机制和规律,以典型的硬质合金双顶角钻头作为研究对象,主要研究对出口分层影响较大的横刃和对最终制孔成型影响较大的第二主切削刃的磨损机制及规律。通过减小磨损测量间隔,并引入切削刃钝圆半径以及后刀面磨损带宽度,表征了横刃和第二主切削刃在加工中的衰变过程。基于显微刃口观测和钝圆半径变化,揭示横刃易崩刃和第二主切削刃磨损后又受到重新刃磨的磨损机制,获得了此类型钻头不同部位的磨损规律。同时,基于上述的磨损表征,研究不同切削部位磨损量对钻削轴向力和力矩的影响,横刃轴向力与横刃钝圆半径变化相关性较小,而钻削最大力矩与第二主切削刃后刀面磨损变化规律相一致。     

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料层合板干涉连接插钉轴向力建模与分析

碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料（CFRP）构件干涉配合连接的插钉轴向力过大会引起层合板弯曲和分层,严重影响产品的安全性。针对CFRP层合板的高锁螺栓干涉连接过程,分析了其制孔、插钉及拧紧等装配连接工艺,将其干涉插钉过程划分为4个阶段,并对各个阶段进行了详细的力学行为分析;对螺栓杆处和倒角处的挤压力和摩擦力分别进行力学建模,并结合各作用力的边界条件与阶段划分,构建了干涉插钉全过程的轴向力模型;通过ABAQUS有限元模拟了CFRP层合板干涉插钉工艺过程,并开展了干涉螺栓安装实验,对比分析了层合板孔周径向挤压应力分布和插钉轴向力变化规律,解析结果与模拟和实验结果吻合较好,为后续CFRP层合板的插钉分层损伤和工艺优化研究奠定基础。      

冷却空气流向对CFRP制孔刀具磨损及孔质量的影响

在加工碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）时多用冷却工艺来提升加工质量。其中,空气冷却工艺因其方便性被广泛用于实际加工中。然而,目前尚缺少空气冷却方向对刀具磨损和加工质量的研究。文章通过控制冷却空气的方向,开展了干式切削、正向喷气和逆向吸气冷却条件下钻削CFRP材料的研究。获得了上述冷却条件对双顶角刀具第二主切削刃末端磨损的影响规律,发现气体冷却都能有效抑制刀具磨损,且在对出口温度影响相近的条件下,逆向冷却比正向冷却能够更好地抑制磨损。进而分析了冷却条件对钻削出口损伤的抑制效果,发现冷却、冷却方式对孔出口撕裂深度的抑制作用都较小,但逆向吸气冷却能够有效减小出口的毛刺高度,是一种有效提高制孔质量的冷却工艺。      

基于径向基函数神经网络的CFRP切削力预测

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)加工中基体相极易因切削力过大而破坏,并迅速扩展至加工表面以下而形成损伤。为了准确预测其切削力并加以控制,基于实验切削力数据建立了人工神经网络切削力模型,预测了不同纤维角度、切削深度和刀具角度下加工CFRP的切削力变化规律,并完成了不同刀具角度及切削参数下典型纤维角度CFRP单向板的直角切削实验,对预测模型进行验证,其预测精度可达85%以上。结合成屑过程在线显微观测结果可知:纤维角度是影响CFRP切削力的主要因素, 0°~135°范围内,切屑形成方式为切断型和开裂后弯断型;切削力随纤维角度增大呈先减小后增大的趋势, 135°时最大,随切削深度增加,切削力总体呈增大趋势。