一种性能可调的新型节能材料——电致变色膜

本文介绍了一种性能可调的新型节能材料－－电致色薄膜，描述了以其为核心的全固态灵巧窗结构、工作原理和光学调节性能，回顾了电致色材料，离子存储层和固态锂离子导体及其性质，并展望了这种新型节能材料的应用。     

全固态电致色灵巧窗的研究进展

电致色灵巧窗是由电致色材料、离子导体、反电极和两层透明导电膜组成的一种新型的功能材料。介绍了以WO3为核心的Li离子导体全固态灵巧窗的结构和性能及其实用性，并着重讨论了WO3电致色膜、有机及无机Li离子导体和反电极材料的特性。还介绍了全固态电致色灵巧窗的研究现状及其发展趋势。     

全固态电致色灵巧窗的研究进展

电致色灵巧窗是由电致色材料、离子导体、反电极和两层透明导电膜组成的一种新型的功能材料。介绍了以ＷＯ３为核心的Ｌｉ离子导体全固态灵巧窗的结构和性能及其实用性，并着重讨论了ＷＯ３电致色膜、有机及无机Ｌｉ离子导体和反电极材料的特性。还介绍了全固态电致色灵巧窗的研究现状及其发展趋势。     

全固态电致色灵巧窗材料

回顾了以WO_3为核心的Li离子导体全固态灵巧窗的结构和性能及其实用性。并着重讨论了WO_3电致色膜,有机和无机Li离子导体和反电极材料的特性。还介绍了全固态电致色灵巧窗的研究现状及其发展趋势。     

吩噻嗪衍生物电致变色材料的合成及其性能研究

合成了系列10-N取代的吩噻嗪衍生物(phenothiazine derivatives,PDs),利用氢谱、碳谱、红外光谱等方法对其结构进行表征,并使用电化学工作站和紫外光谱对其电化学性质作了初步研究。组装了以PDs作为阳极电致变色材料,紫罗精作为阴极电致变色材料的新型阴极-阳极复合电致变色器件。当施加2.4V电压时器件阴极材料显示蓝色,而施加反向电压时阳极材料显示为红色,颜色可逆转换且其响应时间250ms,循环次数超过104,可实现寻址。PDs作为阳极材料具有优良的电致变色性能并且廉价环保,是一种令人瞩目的新型电致变色阳极材料。     

聚合物/过渡金属氧化物纳米复合材料在电致变色性能上的研究进展

聚合物/过渡金属氧化物纳米复合材料是近年来引人注目的一种新型功能性材料.介绍了这类材料的种类和制备方法,综述了聚合物/过渡金属氧化物的电致变色性能,探讨了聚合物/过渡金属氧化物的电致变色机理.     

全固态电致变色灵巧窗材料

回顾了以ＷＯ３为核心的Ｌｉ离子导体全固态灵巧窗的结构和性能及其实用性，并着重讨论了ＷＯ３电致色膜，有机和无机Ｌｉ离子导体和反电极的特性。还介绍了全固态电致色灵巧窗的研究现状及其发展趋势。     

全固态电致变色器件工艺技术研究

提出一种新型结构与材料的全固态电致变色器件,及其氢化技术和制作工艺。在实验室中研制出2cm×2cm可重复转换、性能优良的电致变色器件,为大面积电致变色器件连续自动生产线的研制作了必要的技术准备。     

低维氧化镍/聚苯胺核壳纳米结构的控制生长与电致变色性能研究

氧化镍和聚苯胺是典型的无机/有机电致变色材料,各有其优缺点。如果将两种材料相结合,可得到电致变色性能更加优良的NiO/PANI复合材料。本文通过水热法与电聚合相结合的方法制备了氧化镍(NiO)纳米线/聚苯胺(PANI)与氧化镍纳米片/聚苯胺核壳纳米结构。通过扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱和电化学测量装置研究了纳米复合结构的形貌、结构、成分和电致变色性能。研究成果显示,复合后NiO/PANI纳米线核壳结构在可见光与近红外区域的电致变色性能都获得了显著增强。而NiO/PANI纳米片核壳结构在可见光区域内电致变色性能有所减弱,但是在近红外区域内的光学对比度有显著增强。本工作将为研究新型低维无机/有机纳米结构电致变色材料与器件提供有益的参考。     

层状自组装聚苯胺纳米复合电致变色薄膜的制备与性能

质轻、柔性、多色电致变色材料是柔性电致变色显示技术实用化、进而取代目前阴极射线管和液晶显示技术的关键。主链共轭型本征态导电聚合物聚苯胺因其原料来源广泛、转换电势低、变色范围宽、易于制成柔性薄膜而成为制备全固态柔性电致变色器件的首选材料。基于静电作用的层状自组装技术，能在分子层次上实现诸多材料的复合，并实现结构与性能的调控，因此成为设计组装具有特定性能的聚苯胺纳米复合电致变色薄膜的重要方法。讨论了层状自组装聚苯胺纳米复合电致变色薄膜的制备与性能，认为采用结构与性能可控的纳米结构层状自组装技术制备聚苯胺纳米复合电致变色薄膜是提高其综合性能并最终实用化的重要途径。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.