硝基胍发射药制备工艺过程中的流变本构方程研究

以硝基胍发射药实际生产加工过程中不同时段的药料为研究对象，采用自主研发的固体推进剂专业双料筒毛细管流变仪测试药料的流变特性，并对流变特性曲线进行拟合，获得硝基胍发射药的流变本构方程。结果表明：硝基胍发射药具有典型的假塑性流体特征；延长捏合时间有利于高分子链充分溶胀；剪切应力-剪切速率曲线采用自构函数y=Aln²x+Bln x+C时的拟合效果较好；剪切黏度-剪切速率曲线采用Williamson流变本构方程时的拟合效果好。     

基于熔融沉积成型的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯的制备与表征EI北大核心CSCD

通过熔融共混法制备了不同质量比的聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)共混物。采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜、电子万能试验机及差示扫描量热仪等研究了共混物的动态流变行为、微观形貌、力学性能和热性能,并通过线材机牵引成直径为1.75 mm左右的线材进行熔融沉积成型(FDM)。结果表明,加入TPU后能提高材料的储能模量,使熔体弹性增强,利于熔融铺丝。TPU能改善材料的冲击韧性,且随着TPU含量的增加而增大。另外,PLA/TPU熔融共混后体系的结晶能力下降,对熔融沉积成型收缩翘曲具有抑制作用。当TPU质量分数为10%时,线材的熔融沉积成型效果最好。     

基于熔融沉积成型的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯的制备与表征

通过熔融共混法制备了不同质量比的聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)共混物。采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜、电子万能试验机及差示扫描量热仪等研究了共混物的动态流变行为、微观形貌、力学性能和热性能,并通过线材机牵引成直径为1.75 mm左右的线材进行熔融沉积成型(FDM)。结果表明,加入TPU后能提高材料的储能模量,使熔体弹性增强,利于熔融铺丝。TPU能改善材料的冲击韧性,且随着TPU含量的增加而增大。另外,PLA/TPU熔融共混后体系的结晶能力下降,对熔融沉积成型收缩翘曲具有抑制作用。当TPU质量分数为10%时,线材的熔融沉积成型效果最好。     

聚乳酸/聚氨酯复合材料的制备及性能研究

目的 以聚乳酸(PLA)为基材,制备聚乳酸/聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料,并研究复合材料的性能和TPU含量对复合材料的影响。方法 利用双螺旋杆挤出机将PLA和TPU熔融共混后挤出,得到含不同质量分数TPU(17%、20%、25%、33%、50%)的复合材料,对复合材料进行红外分析,测试不同含量TPU对其热稳定性能、动态热力学性能和流变特性的影响。结果 随着TPU含量的增加,复合材料的热稳定性能和韧性变好;在流变实验中复合材料表现出剪切变稀的特点,且TPU质量分数为33%时复合材料所表现出的各项性能最优。结论 TPU的加入可以改善PLA脆性大、韧性小的缺陷,并获得热力学性质稳定、兼具2种材料的优势并且具有环境友好性的复合材料。     

异氰酸酯功能化碳纳米管/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的制备及流变性能

采用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)对碳纳米管(CNT)进行表面修饰,制得TDI功能化CNT(CNT-TDI),将其分散于4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中,通过原位聚合法制备CNT-TDI/热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)复合材料。利用FTIR、XPS和TG等测试手段,表征和分析了CNT-TDI的表面结构;利用旋转流变仪研究了CNT-TDI含量对CNT-TDI/TPU复合材料动态流变性能的影响。结果表明,TDI成功接枝改性CNT,接枝率约17%。动态流变研究结果表明,随CNT-TDI含量增加,复合材料的储能模量(G′)、损耗模量(G″)和复数黏度(η*)均明显提高,G′和G″交点对应的频率向低频移动,损耗峰频率也向低频偏移,说明复合材料的结构性增强,大分子链松弛时间延长;Han曲线上移且逐渐靠近对角线,van Gurp-Palmen曲线下移,说明复合材料的弹性响应逐渐增强;Cole-Cole曲线拖尾现象消失,说明填料的加入降低了TPU基体的微相分离程度。     

橡胶沥青复合材料动态剪切流变特性

在橡胶沥青复合材料中加入不同的胶粉含量,其动态力学特性发生明显改变。利用三参量流变模型,推导了橡胶沥青复合材料黏弹性的动态剪切流变参数。通过Origin软件自定义拟合功能,对黏度预估模型的4个待定参数进行了拟合。采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR),在不同温度下对不同胶粉含量的橡胶沥青复合材料试样进行测试,并将实验结果与三参量流变模型得到的理论结果进行对比。结果表明,实验结果与理论结果吻合较好。随着测试温度的升高或胶粉含量的降低,橡胶沥青复合材料的黏度、储存模量和损耗模量均呈现降低的趋势,而损耗因子呈增大的趋势。     

微晶纤维素/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯复合材料的流变行为

采用熔融共混法制备了微晶纤维素/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(MCC/PBS)复合材料,用高级毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪分别测定复合材料的稳态流变性能和动态流变性能,研究了不同MCC含量、不同温度对复合材料流变行为的影响。结果表明,复合材料的黏度与剪切速率的流变曲线符合幂律流体的特征,可以用幂律模型对其进行拟合;复合材料的黏度与温度的关系可用Arrhenius方程对其进行描述。在线性黏弹区,复合材料的储能模量(G′)维持恒定,当应变(γ)超过临界值(γ_c)时,复合材料进入非线性黏弹区,出现了"Payne"效应,并且随着MCC含量的增加,γ_c下降。在角频率(ω)扫描范围内,复合材料的储能模量(G′)、损耗模量(G″)和复数黏度|η*|均随着MCC含量的增加而增大。在相同的MCC含量下,G″的值始终大于G′的值,损耗因子(tanδ)均大于1。在低频区,G′出现第二平台。MCC/PBS复合材料加工流变特性的研究,对指导MCC/PBS复合材料的成型加工具有一定的价值。     

茂金属低密度聚乙烯的流变性能

利用RH-2000型双管挤出毛细管流变仪对mLLDPE-1018FA进行流变性能测试,得到一系列流变曲线,发现mLLDPE具有比较特殊的流变性能,如高的熔体表观黏度、高剪切速率下的黏度反转等。计算了这种聚乙烯树脂的粘流活化能和非牛顿指数,给出了二者与剪切速率的定量方程,考察了温度对其流变性能的影响,为这种树脂的加工提供了基础数据。     

膨胀阻燃剂的分布对PBS/TPU共混物阻燃性能的影响

以聚磷酸铵(APP)和季戊四醇(PER)为原料组成的膨胀阻燃剂(IFR),以热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)为聚合物成炭剂，采用熔融共混法对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)进行阻燃改性，并考察IFR分布位置对PBS/TPU共混物阻燃性能的影响。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧、锥形量热分析、热重分析、流变性能测试和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对PBS/TPU/IFR阻燃复合材料进行了测试与表征。结果表明：成炭剂TPU的加入，可显著地提高PBS/IFR共混体系的阻燃性能，如当体系中不含TPU时，IFR含量为20%时，PBS/IFR共混体系的LOI为20.0%,UL 94垂直燃烧等级为无等级；而当体系中加入TPU后，不管IFR分布位置如何，其LOI可达28%左右，UL 94垂直燃烧等级为V-2。在IFR含量为25%时，IFR的分布位置对阻燃性能也有影响，当IFR直接分布于PBS相时，其UL 94垂直燃烧等级为V-0,优于IFR分布于TPU相的V-2级。     

甘蔗渣超微粉/瓜尔胶共混体系的相容性研究

利用流变仪考察了甘蔗渣超微粉(BP)/瓜尔胶共混体系的相容性。对共混物进行稳态剪切扫描和动态频率扫描测试后,根据Utraki原理、复合黏度、储存模量及损耗模量分析、Cole-Cole曲线,以及时温叠加原理等理论对数据进行处理分析,发现BP/瓜尔胶=50/100(质量比)时,两者相容性较好。同时,扫描电镜结果表明,随着BP含量的增多,BP与瓜尔胶两者相容性逐渐变差,与流变分析结果一致。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.