氧分量对柔性衬底上WO_x薄膜性能的影响

通过射频磁控溅射方法,在柔性PET衬底上低温沉积电致变色WOx薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光分光光度计、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析所制备薄膜的微观结构、透光率、O元素的结合状态.结果表明,各氧分量下制备的WOx薄膜均为非晶态;氧分量0时制备的薄膜着、退色态透光率变化范围达到25%左右,具有较好的电致变色性能;XPS分析表明氧分量8%时氧空位含量最低,随着氧分量的继续增大,氧空位含量也增大.     

α-WO_x薄膜电致变色反应中的结晶性能

用XRD和STM研究了反应溅射沉积WOx薄膜在电致变色过程中的物相结晶性及表面形貌结果表明：着退色反应使非晶WOx薄膜向有序化方向转变，表现为薄膜非晶胞衍射特征减弱这种转化与薄膜着退色反应程度密切相关饱和着色态WOx膜层由平均晶粒尺寸为20nm的颗粒组成，且表面出现空洞疏松；而不饱和着色态WOx膜层由平均晶粒尺寸为110nm的团簇组成，表面形貌相对致密     

射频溅射制备氧化镍电致变色薄膜的研究

采用射频反应磁控溅射工艺，以纯镍靶为靶材，在SnO2玻璃上制备电致变色NiOx薄膜。通过对薄膜X射线衍射（XRD）、X光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描隧道显微镜（STM）、循环伏安曲线及可见光透过率的测定，探讨了NiOx薄膜的电致变色性能和微观结构之间的关系，研究了热处理过程中的结构变化和表面形貌。测试表明该氧化镍薄膜具有良好的电致变色性能和阳极着色效应，以及较高的使用寿命。     

Ni掺杂WOx薄膜的电致变色性能

采用磁控溅射工艺,以纯钨和纯镍为靶材在ITO玻璃上制备Ni掺杂WOx电致变色薄膜,研究了Ni掺杂对WOx薄膜电致变色性能和微观结构的影响机理.实验结果表明:均匀掺杂少量的Ni可改变WOx薄膜内部的缺陷分布及结构,提高薄膜的电致变色性能.XRD分析表明,掺杂后的WOx:Ni薄膜为非晶态;XPS分析表明:WOx:Ni薄膜中的Ni为Ni2 .     

中频磁控溅射制备氧化钨薄膜及电致变色性能研究

采用中频磁控溅射方法,在氧化铟(ITO)玻璃上采用氧化钨(WO_3)陶瓷靶沉积薄膜,研究溅射气压对WO_3薄膜结构与光学性能的影响规律,并对其电致变色行为进行了探讨。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了WO_3薄膜的成分结构和表面形貌,紫外可见分光光度计和电化学工作站对薄膜的光调制性能、电致变色伏安特性、以及循环寿命性能进行了研究,并利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对WO_3薄膜在着色、褪色状态下进行了化学成分及氧化状态分析。结果表明:随着溅射气压的增大,WO3薄膜的形貌结构变得疏松、粗糙,更有利于Li+的注入与脱出,响应速度变快、调制幅度增大、电致变色性能优异,但循环寿命性能有所降低。当溅射气压为4Pa时WO3薄膜的电致变色综合性能最好,在550nm处的调制幅度可达81.0%,着色、褪色响应时间分别为7.8s、5.85s,且在1500次循环后,仍保持较高的电致变色性能。     

WOx薄膜结晶特性的HREM和STM研究

对反应溅射沉积的ＷＯｘ薄膜在电致变色反应中结晶性能的变化进行了研究。结果表明：电致变色反应增加了薄膜的晶体特性,使着退色ＷＯｘ薄膜的选区电子衍射呈现明显的多晶环特性,而原始沉积态ＷＯｘ薄膜为非晶光晕衍射特性。ＳＴＭ分析得知,电致变色反应使薄膜的表面形貌也发生了剧烈的变化。     

射频磁控溅射法制备Bi_2O_3薄膜的电致变色性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在ITO导电玻璃上沉积了Bi_2O_3薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、X射线光电子谱对薄膜的微结构、表面形貌、成分和价态进行了表征。分析表明在空气气氛中350℃热处理的Bi_2O_3薄膜具有四方结构,属β-Bi_2O_3,该薄膜在-1.8-+3V的直流电压驱动下具有在透明和暗棕色之间转换的电致变色性能,着色和漂白过程中均没有其他价态(+3价以外)的Bi生成。研究发现Bi_2O_3薄膜在400-800nm的可见光波段平均透射率调制幅度可达44%,550nm处着色系数为9.6cm~2/C,该材料具有优良的电致变色性能。     

WO_3薄膜的微观结构与电致变色机制研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射方法在ITO导电玻璃上沉积了WO3薄膜,研究了靶基距对其微结构和电致变色性能的影响,利用XRD、SEM和XPS对薄膜的微结构和成分进行了表征。通过可见光透射谱对样品的电致变色性能进行了研究,并且讨论了WO3薄膜电致变色性能与其微结构、价态变化之间的关系。发现靶基距为7cm的情况下沉积得到的WO3薄膜呈非晶态,薄膜有更多的孔隙,有利于Li+的抽取,进而显示出较好的电致变色性能。反应溅射制备的WO3薄膜中W是W6+价态,颜色为透明状,当发生着色反应时,随着薄膜中Li+成分增加,薄膜颜色变为蓝色,薄膜中W原子为W6+和W5+的混合价态。认为其电致变色的行为是由于Li+和e-在薄膜中的注入和拉出引起的W6+和W5+发生转化所致。     

NiO/PB复合电致变色薄膜的制备及其性能研

采用水热法制备了垂直生长的氧化镍(NiO)纳米片薄膜, 并利用电沉积法将普鲁士蓝(PB)负载到NiO纳米片薄膜上, 制备了新型的NiO/PB复合电致变色薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的晶型以及微观形貌进行了表征, 采用紫外-可见光光度计以及电化学工作站对NiO/PB复合薄膜的电化学和电致变色性能进行了研究和表征。结果表明: NiO/PB复合电致变色薄膜具有多孔结构和较大的比表面积, 可以增大电解质与电极材料的接触面积。PB成功负载到NiO薄膜表面, 使NiO/PB复合薄膜表现出较大的电流密度。相比于单层NiO薄膜, NiO/PB复合薄膜表现出更好的电致变色性能, 其光调制范围可以达到46%, 着色效率为141 cm²/C, 并且其着色时间可以缩短到5 s, 褪色时间为6 s。     

纳米晶WO_3电致变色特性(英文)

采用射频反应溅射制备了纳米晶WO3薄膜.基于Berg理论建立了WO3射频反应溅射模型,并分析工艺参数对滞回曲线的影响,基于研究了抽速、基片温度、馈入功率、靶片间距和溅射靶等离子体溅射面积的影响.提出了一种新的消除滞回曲线的制备纳米晶WO3薄膜的方法和优化的工艺参数.论文制备了性能良好的电致变色纳米晶WO3薄膜.分别用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS),X射线衍射(XRD)和分光光度计测试了该薄膜,该薄膜在可见光波段,不变色时的透光率大于95%,变色后为65%.纳米晶WO3薄膜的晶粒尺寸在40纳米左右,其高比表面积和缺陷态为电致变色的例子扩散提供了通道.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.