静电纺丝纳米纤维的应用进展

近年来静电纺丝技术在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛应用,被认为是制备纳米纤维最简单有效的方法之一。通过静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维具有长径比大、孔隙率高、比表面积大等优点,在过滤材料、生物医学、传感器以及其他特殊领域都有着良好的应用前景。主要介绍了近几年来国内外静电纺丝纤维在过滤吸附膜、生物医学、传感器、防护应用及其他一些特殊领域中的研究现状,并展望了静电纺丝纳米纤维的发展趋势和研究方向。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维摩擦电材料的最新进展

目的 静电纺丝纳米纤维因具有可定制的微纳结构、高的比表面积和孔隙率等优点,在摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)领域应用广泛,归纳总结静电纺丝纳米纤维的最新进展对TENG发展具有重要意义。方法 本文系统介绍静电纺丝纳米纤维摩擦电材料的发展和特点,重点描述基于静电纺丝纳米纤维摩擦电材料的TENG在不同场景中的应用。结果 静电纺丝纳米纤维材料因制备方便、电性能好及可扩展性好等独特优势,在TENG中应用广泛。结论 利用静电纺丝纳米纤维作为TENG摩擦电材料,在能量收集、自供电传感器及可穿戴电子等方面具有很大应用前景,未来可拓展到智能包装与印刷等领域。     

基于静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维的研究进展

中空纳米纤维具有独特的中空结构和较大的比表面积，在吸附、催化、电化学、医药等领域具有广阔的应用前景。静电纺丝技术是制备中空纳米纤维的有效手段。随着静电纺丝工艺的不断成熟，利用静电纺丝大规模制备中空纳米纤维提上了日程。首先详细介绍了基于静电纺丝技术制备中空纳米纤维的原理和方法，探讨了现阶段基于静电纺丝技术大规模制备中空纳米纤维存在的问题以及研究现状，总结了中空纳米纤维的应用进展，最后指出了中空纳米纤维的发展方向，为推动中空纳米纤维的大规模制备及应用奠定基础。     

电纺丝制备纳米纤维及其应用

电纺丝技术是利用高压静电将聚合物或具有粘弹性的溶液制备成纳米级直径纤维的一种加工技术。电纺丝纤维膜由于其高比表面积、良好的生物仿生性能,在生物组织工程支架、药物载释、伤口修复等方面有较高的应用价值。近年来,大量文献报道,通过对电纺丝装置以及纺丝过程参数的改进和优化,制备出功能化和具有特殊结构的纳米纤维材料。本文从电纺丝装置的改进、纺丝过程优化等方面简述了电纺丝技术的进展。概述了电纺丝法制备特殊结构的纳米纤维的方法,及其在生物组织工程、药物载释等方面的应用。     

静电纺丝法制备陶瓷中空纳米纤维的研究进展

陶瓷中空纳米纤维具有特殊的纳米一维管式结构, 在微电子、应用催化、气体传感器和光电转换等领域具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了静电纺丝法制备陶瓷中空纳米纤维的最新研究进展, 主要包括同轴静电纺丝法、单针头静电纺丝法以及后处理法在制备陶瓷中空纳米纤维方面的发展趋势, 重点介绍了单针头静电纺丝法在制备中空纳米结构上存在的相转化、气体挥发和柯肯达尔效应等机理, 并且对于陶瓷中空纳米纤维的应用前景以及不足进行了展望与总结。     

静电纺丝技术在处理重金属离子方面的研究进展

纳米材料作为一种新兴的材料近年来越来越多地用于重金属离子的去除,而静电纺丝技术是制备纳米纤维最有效最直接的方法.静电纺丝纳米纤维具有纤维直径小、比表面积大、孔隙率高、吸附性能强等优点.主要介绍了静电纺丝纳米纤维膜近年来在处理重金属离子方面的一些研究进展,通过对纳米纤维进行官能团改性、加入无机物等方法制备复合纳米纤维膜已经成为近几年研究的热点.     

静电纺丝制备组织工程支架的研究进展

静电纺丝作为一种制备纳米纤维的技术,具有效率高、成本低、易实现等优点,已经成为制备组织工程支架的主要方法之一。简要介绍了组织工程及静电纺丝的原理;综述了几种单组分高分子组织工程支架的研究进展,并总结了静电纺丝制备多组分支架的方法;最后,提出了目前采用静电纺丝法制备组织工程支架存在的主要问题,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

静电纺丝技术在超级电容器中的应用

静电纺丝是一种新型的非纺织成丝技术,具有适用材料体系广泛、纤维尺寸结构可控、工艺简便等特点,是制备连续纳米纤维的重要方法.静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维薄膜因具有巨大的纳米表面和网状孔隙结构可调等优势,在超级电容器领域显示出诱人的应用前景.综述了近年来静电纺丝技术在超级电容器电极材料和隔膜材料方面的研究进展,介绍了碳基、金属氧化物和聚合物电极材料高活性纳米纤维的制备方法及电化学行为,以及静电纺丝无纺布作为隔膜材料显示出的巨大优势,并总结了制约静电纺丝走向商业化的不利因素,如产率低、薄膜强度不足、喷丝不稳定等,最后介绍了近年来静电纺丝技术在结构可控、规模化制备的产业进展,并展望了其在超级电容器领域中的商业化应用前景.     

聚乳酸静电纺丝纳米纤维及其药物缓释体系

聚乳酸静电纺丝纳米纤维因具有孔隙率小、比表面积大等优点,在组织工程、药物控释等领域具有广阔的应用前景。文中综述了聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备方法及其结构形貌与性能,并介绍了聚乳酸纳米纤维作为药物缓释体系的载体对药物的负载和释放的研究现状,同时对聚乳酸纳米纤维在组织工程和生物医药等领域的研究进行了展望。     

静电纺柔性超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

柔性超级电容器具有充放电速度快、功率密度高和能量密度高等优点,已成为智能可穿戴设备的理想供能器件。其中,优异的电化学性能和良好的柔韧性是供能器件追求的关键性能指标,而电极材料是其中的核心部分。电极材料的制备方法有沉积法、纺丝法、喷涂法、涂覆法和3D打印等,其中,纺丝法中的静电纺丝技术工艺简单、纤维形貌可控性强,且制备的纤维比表面积大、孔隙率高、柔性好,经过碳化处理后,不需要粘结剂就可直接作为超级电容器的电极材料。本文综述了近年来常规和新型静电纺柔性电极材料在超级电容器领域应用的最新研究进展,并对其进行了分类,对比了不同种类电极材料的制备方法和后处理工艺。据文献资料报道,基于静电纺纳米纤维膜碳化处理后的电极材料具有大的比表面积和含碳率,通过后处理优化材料的孔结构或者在表面负载金属氧化物,都可以很好地提升其电化学性能,实现其使用效能。除了前驱体原料外,纳米纤维的形貌、预氧化和碳化温度、升温速率,以及通过活化等后处理形成的孔结构等因素都会对电极材料的柔性产生极大影响。本文通过对电极材料的分类、对新材料的介绍,为研究人员开发和使用新材料提供一个方向。此外,本文对提升电极材料电化学性能的诸多方法...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.