浇注温度对DD6单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响

研究了浇注温度对第二代单晶高温合金DD6凝固组织的影响.结果表明,随着浇注温度的降低,DD6合金的一次枝晶间距稍有增加,枝晶干与枝晶间γ′相尺寸略有增大,γ-γ′共晶相尺寸增加,共晶含量略有减少,合金中主要元素偏析明显减轻.     

一种镍基单晶高温合金凝固组织的截面尺寸效应

采用快速凝固法拉制壁厚分别为0.8,1.5,2.5mm的单晶薄壁试样,研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金凝固组织的截面尺寸效应.结果表明:随截面尺寸减小,不同厚度薄壁试样凝固组织一次枝晶间距减小,二次枝晶间距先增大后减小;相对于15mm试样,薄壁试样枝晶干处γ′相尺寸变小,枝晶间γ′相尺寸变化不大,γ/γ′共晶含量明显减少.能谱分析表明不同厚度薄板试样元素偏析程度相对于15mm试样均得到一定缓解,但各不同厚度试样元素偏析变化不大.对三种厚度薄板试样进行真空固溶热处理后发现共晶已基本消除,而15mm试样还残留少量共晶.     

两种型壳温度对DD9单晶涡轮叶片凝固组织的影响EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究1500℃和1540℃两种型壳温度对第三代单晶高温合金DD9叶片截面凝固组织的影响,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对叶片典型截面凝固组织进行分析。结果表明:随着型壳温度的增加,DD9单晶涡轮叶片凝固组织的枝晶花样呈细小趋势,二次枝晶呈发达趋势。相同型壳温度下,叶片叶身部位的枝晶比榫头部位的枝晶更细小。随着型壳温度的增加,枝晶干和枝晶间的γ′析出相尺寸和分散度均减小,并且γ′析出相尺寸分布遵循正态分布规律。相较枝晶间区域,枝晶干区域的γ′析出相的平均尺寸减小了61%。相同型壳温度下,叶片叶身部位的γ′析出相尺寸比榫头部位的γ′析出相尺寸更细小。与截面积变小相比,提高型壳温度会使γ′析出相变小更显著。随着型壳温度的增加,γ-γ′共晶尺寸和含量减小,γ-γ′共晶组织呈葵花状和光板状两种形貌特征。     

抽拉速率对一种镍基单晶高温合金凝固参数和凝固组织的影响

研究了不同的铸型抽拉速率对镍基单晶高温合金DD98的凝固参数及显微组织的影响，结果表明，随着抽拉速度降低，固－液界面前沿的温度梯度显著提高，糊状区宽度减小，抽位速度较低时，温度梯度在整个凝固过程中变化比较平稳，提高抽拉速率使DD98合金由胞状凝固转变为枝状凝固，γ′相尺寸减小，并且由不规则形状逐渐变为规则的立方体形状，γ／γ′共晶量增加，共晶中的初生γ′相尺寸逐渐减小。     

镍基高温合金超细定向柱晶的凝固特性

本文采用超高梯度快速定向凝固装置研究了镍基铸造高温合金 K405超细定向柱晶的凝固特性。试验结果表明,当温度梯度为660K/cm 和凝固速率为760μm/s时,可获得超细柱晶体,其一次、二次枝晶间距λ_1和λ_2分别小于25μm 和10μm;Cr,Al,Ti,W,Co 等元素的偏析比均趋近于1;γ′相分布均匀,(γ+γ′)共晶基本消除,MC 碳化物呈点状和小条状沿一次枝晶轴方向均匀分布于枝晶间。     

重力对镍基单晶高温合金枝晶生长和微观偏析的影响

使用长50 m的落管研究Ni-Cr-Al-W-Ta镍基单晶高温合金在重力(1g)和微重力(μg)条件下的凝固行为。用金相显微镜(OM)观察合金的凝固组织并用图像分析软件测量和统计一次和二次枝晶间距,使用扫描电镜能谱(SEM-EDS)测定不同位置枝晶干与枝晶间的化学成分并计算微观偏析系数。结果表明,在重力和微重力条件下这种合金的枝晶特征和合金元素的微观偏析明显不同。重力样品一次和二次枝晶间距比微重力样品的大,随着凝固距离的增大一次枝晶间距的差异变大,而二次枝晶间距的差距变化不大。随着凝固的进行,微重力样品枝晶间Ta、Cr和Al元素的含量呈现先明显升高后略微降低的趋势,W元素含量呈现逐渐下降的趋势,枝晶间液相的密度呈现略微降低的趋势。重力样品枝晶间Ta、Cr和Al元素含量的分布趋势与微重力样品基本相似,W元素含量的分布则与微重力样品明显不同,大部分凝固阶段呈上升趋势,使枝晶间液相的密度沿逆重力方向提高。上述结果表明,在重力条件下凝固前沿溶质密度差导致的对流作用微弱,不是造成枝晶间距增加的主要原因,主要原因应该与凝固前沿热对流造成的温度梯度的降低有关。     

抽拉速率对DD6单晶高温合金组织的影响

采用不同的抽拉工艺制备DD6单晶合金,分析了DD6单晶合金的显微组织,研究了不同抽拉工艺对DD6合金组织的影响.结果表明,随着抽拉速率的降低,DD6合金一次枝晶间距增加,枝晶干和枝晶间γ′相尺寸变大,共晶组织呈粗化趋势,γ-γ′共晶组织含量减少,合金中主要元素偏析程度减轻.     

温度梯度对定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金一次枝晶间距的影响

使用5kg坩埚下拉式定向凝固设备,对Al-4.5%Cu合金进行定向凝固试验,研究Al-4.5%Cu合金在不同温度梯度下一次枝晶间距的变化规律。结果表明:在其他凝固参数不变时,随着温度梯度的增大,一次枝晶逐渐变小,细密,挺直,基本呈平行状分布,同时计算的一次枝晶间距值与Hunt模型计算值接近,实验测得的一次枝晶间距的回归曲线为:y=2843478.3x2-70217.4x+543.8。用温度梯度较高的实验值来模拟时,可得到1λ=26.7G-0.5-135.9,一次枝晶间距λ1与G-0.5基本呈线性关系,这和Hunt模型分析结果一致。     

抽拉速率对DD6单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响

研究了不同的抽拉速率对第二代单晶高温合金DD6凝固组织的影响.结果表明,随抽拉速率的增加,DD6合金凝固界面由粗枝状组织向细枝状组织演变,枝晶干和枝晶间的γ'相尺寸减小,且枝晶间γ'相的形状越来越趋向于规则的立方体形状,γ-γ'共晶含量增加,粗大的初生γ'相减少.     

单晶高温合金激光表面快速凝固组织的研究

本文研究一种抗热腐蚀单晶镍基高温合金的激光表面快速凝固组织。结果表明:快速凝固组织为沿<001>方向择优生长、整齐排列的极细小的胞、枝晶组织;胞、枝晶间距随激光束移动速度的增加而显著减小;快速凝固完全消除了枝晶间γ/γ’共晶与显微疏松;在胞、枝晶间区域发现MC碳化物(TiC)呈各种形态极为特殊的花状。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.