多孔ZnO/羟基磷灰石生物复合材料的制备与性能

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备多孔ZnO/羟基磷灰石（HA）生物复合材料,研究不同纳米ZnO含量对ZnO/HA复合材料微观结构、孔隙特征、力学性能、矿化和降解性能的影响。结果表明:烧结后ZnO/HA复合材料主要由HA相和ZnO相组成;随着ZnO含量提高,多孔ZnO/HA复合材料孔隙率缓慢增大,抗压强度略有减小,弹性模量变化不大;多孔ZnO/HA复合材料的孔隙率>40%,孔径在50～500 μm之间,抗压强度>148 MPa,弹性模量为6.5 GPa左右,能够满足骨修复材料的要求;模拟人工体液中矿化和降解实验表明,多孔ZnO/HA复合材料浸泡7天后表面开始形成大量类骨磷灰石层,且随着ZnO含量增加,磷灰石形成能力明显增强而降解速率加快。      

纳米ZnO/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的介电特性

为探讨纳米ZnO/低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）复合材料的介电特性,首先,采用硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米ZnO进行改性,并利用两步法制备了不同纳米ZnO质量分数、不同纳米ZnO粒径、不同纳米ZnO表面修饰方式和不同冷却方式的纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料;然后,通过FTIR、SEM、DSC和热激电流（TSC）测试了纳米ZnO在基体中的分散情况、复合材料的等温结晶过程参数变化及陷阱密度;最后,在不同实验温度下分别进行了交流击穿、绝缘电导率、介电常数和空间电荷实验。结果表明:纳米ZnO的加入使纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料内部陷阱深度和密度均有所增加;当纳米ZnO的粒径为40 nm且质量分数为3%时,复合材料的结晶速度最快,纳米ZnO在基体中的分散性较好,击穿场强达到最高值133.3 kV/mm,电导率及介电常数也相对较低,加压时复合材料内部空间电荷少,短路时释放电荷速度快,介电性能较好;由于纳米粒子增加了材料内部的热传导速率,降低了复合材料随着温度升高而降解的速度,因而相对于纯LDPE,随着实验温度的提高,纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料的击穿场强下降幅度及电导率上升幅度均较小。      

聚氨酯/ZnO纳米复合材料的制备和性能

采用原位聚合法制备了聚氨酯(PU)/ZnO纳米复合材料。DSC和FT-IR测试结果表明,PU/ZnO纳米复合材料中的氨酯羰基氢键化程度和硬段的有序化程度较纯PU低,而且PU/ZnO纳米复合材料中PU软硬段间有更好的相混合程度;TEM照片显示,ZnO以纳米尺寸较均匀地分散在PU体系中,且纳米ZnO粒子与PU基体有较强的界面作用;力学性能测试结果表明,少量纳米ZnO粒子的加入,对PU有很好的增强和增韧效果。     

ZnO纳米棒/多孔锌泡沫的制备及其压缩和抗菌性能

以商业铸态纯锌和NaCl颗粒为原料,采用空气压缩渗流法制备得到表观密度为2. 86 g/cm3、孔隙率为60%的多孔锌泡沫。扫描电镜观察发现相互连通的孔洞均匀地分布于多孔锌泡沫内部。将多孔锌泡沫置于200 g/L的NaCl水溶液中,80℃保温2 h后试样表面原位生成密集的ZnO纳米棒,得到ZnO纳米棒/多孔锌泡沫材料。压缩测试结果表明,ZnO纳米棒/多孔锌泡沫的压缩力学性能与未经NaCl水溶液处理的多孔锌泡沫的压缩力学性能相比没有明显下降。抗菌测试结果表明,ZnO纳米棒/多孔锌泡沫材料具有优异的抗菌性能。     

乳液聚合法制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的研究进展

纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料结合了纳米ZnO优异的物理化学性能和聚合物易加工、高强度的特点,可广泛应用在电子、环保、化工、生物工程等领域。乳液聚合法因工艺简单、安全,条件温和,成本低等优点被广泛用于制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料。对乳液聚合法制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的研究现状进行了综述。首先阐述了制备纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的乳液聚合方法,并对各种方法进行比较;然后归纳了纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料的形成机理,并对纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料在光电、抗紫外与抗菌、涂料等方面的应用现状进行了总结;最后,提出了纳米ZnO/聚合物复合材料未来的发展方向。     

ZnO纳米棒/CNTs复合阴极的制备及其场发射性能的研究

采用水热法和喷涂法制备ZnO纳米棒/CNTs复合材料,并测试其场发射性能。首先采用水热法在ITO电极基面生长ZnO纳米棒阵列,随后通过喷涂技术在ZnO纳米棒阵列表面沉积碳纳米管(CNTs)。使用扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射分别表征样品的结构和形貌特征。结果表明,经喷涂沉积的CNT薄膜均匀地包裹在ZnO纳米棒尖端。对该复合材料采用二极结构测试其场发射性能,通过测试结果发现,ZnO纳米棒/CNTs复合材料可明显改善ZnO纳米棒阵列及CNT薄膜的场发射性能,该复合材料具有低开启电场强度(约0.96V/μm),高场增强因子(9881)。因此,ZnO纳米棒/CNTs复合材料是最有前景的场发射阴极材料之一。     

氧化锌/聚苯乙烯纳米复合材料的制备与性能

为提高聚苯乙烯(PS)的热性能及耐溶剂性能,将溶胶-凝胶法合成的纳米氧化锌(ZnO)粒子与苯乙烯原位聚合,制备得到ZnO/PS纳米复合材料,并采用FT-IR、UV、TG等方法对产物进行了表征测试,还考察了纳米ZnO对复合材料的热性能、抗紫外性能和耐溶剂性能的影响。实验结果表明,加入纳米ZnO可提高复合材料的热稳定性、抗紫外性能以及耐溶剂性能。同时,ZnO/PS纳米复合材料的抗紫外性能以及耐溶剂性能均随ZnO纳米粒子的质量分数的增加而增强。     

无机纳米ZnO或蒙脱土颗粒掺杂对低密度聚乙烯介电性能的影响

选择在低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）中掺杂无机纳米ZnO和蒙脱土（MMT）颗粒,探讨不同形态无机纳米颗粒对LDPE介电性能的影响。利用熔融共混法配合不同冷却方式制备不同结晶形态的纳米ZnO/LDPE和MMT/LDPE复合材料。通过FTIR、偏光显微镜（PLM）、SEM、DSC和热刺激电流（TSC）对试样进行表征,并。研究了纳米ZnO/LDPE和MMT/LDPE复合材料的交流击穿特性,结果表明：掺杂适当质量分数并经表面修饰的无机纳米颗粒可有效的避免其团聚现象,提高纳米ZnO/LDPE和MMT/LDPE复合材料的结晶速率,使结晶结构更完善,同时无机纳米颗粒掺杂使LDPE的陷阱密度和深度均有所增加,载流子入陷在试样内部形成界面"局域态"。经油冷却方式制备的纳米ZnO/LDPE和MMT/LDPE复合材料击穿场强比空气自然冷却分别高13.6%和14.4%,当掺杂纳米粒子质量分数为3wt%时,复合材料击穿场强出现最大值,其中纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料比MMT/LDPE复合材料的击穿场强值高0.68%;电导率试验结果表明：纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料电导率比MMT/LDPE复合材料低。介电性能测试表明,在1~10⁵ Hz的测试频率范围内,纳米ZnO/LDPE复合材料和MMT/LDPE复合材料介电常数降低,介质损耗角正切值有所提高。     

两步水热法制备枝干状ZnO纳米结构的研究

采用两步水热法,第1步利用Au作为催化剂生长ZnO纳米杆;第2步利用醋酸锌分解成ZnO纳米颗粒作籽晶层在ZnO纳米杆的侧壁生长ZnO纳米枝条,在Si片上成功制备了枝干状ZnO纳米结构。利用SEM、XRD分别表征枝干状ZnO纳米结构的形貌和晶体结构,研究籽晶层、反应液浓度、反应时间等参数对枝干状ZnO纳米结构形貌的影响。结果表明,Au作为催化剂生长的ZnO纳米杆具有沿(103)面择优取向生长的特性,而籽晶层对在侧壁生长ZnO纳米枝条至关重要。通过调节反应参数,可控制枝干状ZnO纳米结构的形貌,当反应液浓度越小,反应时间越长,纳米枝条越细、越长。所制备的枝干状ZnO纳米结构具有很好的生物兼容性,可作为细胞支架材料。     

两步水热法制备枝干状ZnO纳米结构的研究

采用两步水热法,第1步利用Au作为催化剂生长ZnO纳米杆;第2步利用醋酸锌分解成ZnO纳米颗粒作籽晶层在ZnO纳米杆的侧壁生长ZnO纳米枝条,在Si片上成功制备了枝干状ZnO纳米结构。利用SEM、XRD分别表征枝干状ZnO纳米结构的形貌和晶体结构,研究籽晶层、反应液浓度、反应时间等参数对枝干状ZnO纳米结构形貌的影响。结果表明,Au作为催化剂生长的ZnO纳米杆具有沿(103)面择优取向生长的特性,而籽晶层对在侧壁生长ZnO纳米枝条至关重要。通过调节反应参数,可控制枝干状ZnO纳米结构的形貌,当反应液浓度越小,反应时间越长,纳米枝条越细、越长。所制备的枝干状ZnO纳米结构具有很好的生物兼容性,可作为细胞支架材料。     

用于高频声表面波器件的CVD金刚石衬底的研究

使用纳米金刚石粉研磨工艺预处理硅片衬底抛光面,在低气压成核的条件下,以丙酮和氢气为反应物,采用传统的热丝辅助化学气相沉积法,制备了自支撑金刚石膜;通过射频磁控溅射法沉积氧化锌薄膜在自支撑金刚石膜的成核面,形成氧化锌/自支撑金刚石膜结构.通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜及原子力显微镜测试自支撑金刚石膜成核面的表面形貌.研究结果表明:成核期的低气压有助于提高成核密度,成核面表面粗糙度约为1.5 nm;拉曼光谱显示1334 cm-1附近尖锐的散射峰与金刚石SP3键相对应,成核面含有少量的石墨相,且受到压应力的作用;ZnO/自支撑金刚石膜结构的XRD谱显示,氧化锌薄膜有尖锐的(002)面衍射峰,是c轴择优取向生长的.     

Orientation-enhanced growth and optical properties of ZnO nanowires grown on porous silicon substrates

ZnO nanowires have been synthesized on porous silicon substrates with different porosities via the vapour-liquid-solid method. The texture coefficient analysed from the XRD spectra indicates that the nanowires are more highly orientated on the appropriate porosity of porous silicon substrate than on the smooth surface of silicon. The Raman spectrum reveals the high quality of the ZnO nanowires. From the temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra, we deduced the activation energies of free and bound excitons.     

MWCNTs/多孔ZnO纳米材料的制备及室温NO气敏性研究

为开发室温气敏传感器材料,以Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为锌源、尿素为沉淀剂,在制备水合碱式碳酸锌(Zn4CO3(OH)6.H2O)的过程中加入羧基化的MWCNTs(MWCNT-COOH),焙烧制备了MWCNTs/ZnO复合材料.采用XRD,SEM和TEM等对其进行了分析.结果表明:复合材料中MWCNTs分散均匀,ZnO呈多孔纳米片状,纳米片由多个尺寸在10～20 nm的ZnO颗粒组成;在室温、空气湿度为50%的氛围中测试复合材料对NO的气敏响应发现,复合材料对体积浓度1×10-4的NO气敏响应灵敏度大约是MWCNT-COOH的3倍,明显高于MWCNT-COOH;对比加入不同量MWCNT-COOH制备的3种复合材料对NO的气敏性可知,加入200 mg MWCNT-COOH所制备的复合材料对低浓度(体积浓度≤50×10-6)的NO气体表现出较高的灵敏度.     

纳米ZnO/聚苯胺复合材料的制备与表征

通过溶胶 凝胶法和O/W型乳液聚合法制备了经过十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (SDBS)修饰的纳米ZnO粉体和纳米ZnO/聚苯胺 (PAn)的复合材料 ,并进行了形貌、结构和性质的表征与分析。结果表明 ,纳米氧化锌晶形为六方晶系球形结构 ,粒径平均为 2 5nm。而纳米ZnO/PAn的复合材料也呈现出特殊的红外吸收特性 ,在 170 0cm- 1～ 330 0cm- 1出现 1个较强的吸收峰 ,同时因纳米ZnO的加入而使聚苯胺各特征峰振动强度均增强 ,所以可得出 ,纳米ZnO的掺杂对聚苯胺的红外光谱的影响较大     

Structural,optical and electrical properties of novel ZnO/KI composite prepared by solid state reaction method

Novel ZnO/KI composite were synthesized by solid state reaction method at room temperature. The crystalline nature of the composite materials determined by X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates the presence of ZnO and KI peaks. The presence of zinc, potassium, iodine is confirmed by EDAX analysis. The surface morphology of the composites exhibit a cactus like image while the ZnO has well defined hexagonal morphology structures. The band gap value of the ZnO/KI composites is found to decrease with increase in the KI concentrations. The transmittance spectrum reveals that the transmittance is not affected in the visible region due to the addition of KI to ZnO. Interference fringes appeared for 20 and 40 % exhibiting a good dispersion at these compositions. The photoluminescence spectrum shows a very strong UV emission and two very weak deep level emissions. Hall effect measurements of the composite reveals the p-type nature for 30 and 40 % of KI.     

A simple and cheap way to produce porous ZnO ribbons and their photovoltaic response

A simple and cheap method is proposed to achieve porous ZnO ribbons by oxidation of ZnS ribbons in the air. ZnS has a fully transformation to ZnO at an annealing temperature of 700°C from energy dispersive X-ray spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate that ZnO ribbons keep the original shapes of ZnS, but produce some ordered and uniform pores on their surfaces. The photovoltage spectrum of ZnO/N3 indicates such dye-porous ZnO ribbons may be used in the dye-sensitized solar cells. The porous ZnO ribbons may also find potential applications in catalyst, sensor, and molecular selection. This technique to produce porous ribbons may also be applied to prepare other porous metal oxide ribbons.     

Thermal behavior of freestanding microstructures fabricated by silicon frontside processing using porous silicon as sacrificial layer

Freestanding microstructures are essential elements in thermal and mechanical microsensors. In this paper, microbridges were fabricated by silicon surface micromachining using porous silicon as sacrificial layer. Two different approaches were considered. In first approach, n-Si was used as anodization masking material and n-Si/SiO/sub 2/ as microstructure material. In the second approach, silicon nitride and SiO/sub 2/ /Si/sub 3/ N/sub 4/ bilayer has constituted masking and microstructure materials, respectively. In order to characterize their thermal behavior, platinum heating elements were defined on developed microbridges. Microstructures fabrication process was described, insisting specially on silicon anodization step. The process parameters (HF-electrolyte concentration, current density, and process duration) were established for both approaches. Thermal behavior of developed microbridges was studied in relation to anodization masking materials and freestanding microstructure materials. Microbridge temperature versus applied power to heating element was analyzed. Additionally, entire sample thermal behavior and microbridge dynamic thermal behavior was characterized. The obtained results suggest developing a third approach where n-Si will be used as masking material and SiO/sub 2/ / Si/sub 3/ N/sub 4/ bilayer as freestanding microstructure material.     

Effects of Homo-buffer Layer on Properties of Sputter-deposited ZnO Films

Two-step growth regimes were applied to realize a homoepitaxial growth of ZnO films on freestanding diamond substrates by radio-frequency(RF)reactive magnetron sputtering method.ZnO buer layers were deposited on freestanding diamond substrates at a low sputtering power of 50 W,and then ZnO main layers were prepared on this buffer layer at a high sputtering power of 150 W.For comparison,a sample was also deposited directly on freestanding diamond substrate at a power of 150 W.The effects of ZnO buffer layers...     

Polyhedral‐Like NiMn‐Layered Double Hydroxide/Porous Carbon as Electrode for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance Supercapacitors

Polyhedral‐like NiMn‐layered double hydroxide/porous carbon (NiMn‐LDH/PC‐x ) composites are successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method (x = 1, 2 means different mass percent of porous carbon (PC) in composites). The NiMn‐LDH/PC‐1 composites possess specific capacitance 1634 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, and it is much better than that of pure LDH (1095 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹). Besides, the sample can retain 84.58% of original capacitance after 3000 cycles at 15 A g⁻¹. An asymmetric supercapacitor with NiMn‐LDH/PC‐1 as anode and activated carbon as cathode is fabricated, and the supercapacitor can achieve an energy density of 18.60 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 225.03 W kg⁻¹. The enhanced electrochemical performance attributes to the high faradaic pseudocapacitance of NiMn‐LDH, the introduction of PC, and the 3D porous structure of LDH/PC‐1 composites. The introduction of PC hinders serious agglomeration of LDH and further accelerates ions transport. The encouraging results indicate that these materials are one of the most potential candidates for energy storage devices.