剑麻纤维增强酚醛基摩擦材料的研制

以酚醛树脂为基体,以经过表面预处理的剑麻纤维为增强材料,研制出新型无石棉摩擦材料,其各项性能均达到汽车制动器衬片GB5763-1998的规定,且与市场产品的摩擦磨损性能处于同一范围,可作为目前常用石棉摩擦材料的更新换代产品.通过研究剑麻纤维的质量分数和表面状态对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,发现剑麻纤维的最佳质量分数为10%～20%.研究结果表明,采用碱处理、偶联剂处理和阻燃剂处理后的剑麻纤维,可以较好地改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.     

剑麻纤维/硅灰石混杂增强摩擦制动材料的性能

选用纳米粒子改性酚醛树脂为基体,以剑麻纤维和硅灰石混杂为增强纤维,制备了无石棉复合摩擦材料。采用D-MS定速摩擦机对样品进行定速试验,利用扫描电镜对磨损表面进行分析,研究了剑麻纤维/硅灰石不同配比对摩擦材料性能的影响。结果表明,当剑麻纤维和硅灰石的配比为1∶2时,该摩擦材料的力学性能较好,摩擦系数稳定在0.40.5之间...     

树脂基纤维增强摩阻材料研究进展

综述了国内外目前树脂基纤维增强摩阻材料的研究进展,主要介绍了树脂基摩阻材料的摩擦学特性及摩擦磨损机理;树脂基体的改性研究成果,归纳了填料种类对摩阻材料摩擦学特性的影响.对常用的增强纤维性能作了对比,尤其是对天然植物剑麻纤维及其增强材料特性作了总结.笔者首次研究了剑麻纤维增强汽车刹车片,认为将剑麻纤维应用于摩阻材料将会是一个新的研究热点.     

化学处理和吸湿水对剑麻纤维及其与树脂界面性能的影响

使用KMnO₄、NaOH、阻燃剂、硅烷对剑麻纤维进行表面处理。采用单丝拉伸和微脱粘方法分别测试了剑麻纤维的拉伸性能及其与改性丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂的界面性能,考察了吸湿水对剑麻纤维表面形貌、拉伸性能及其与树脂界面粘结的影响,分析了相应的破坏模式。结果表明,经过表面化学处理后剑麻纤维的拉伸强度和模量均有不同程度的下降,其中经KMnO₄和硅烷处理后,纤维拉伸强度下降了44%,经NaOH处理后其拉伸强度降低了27%,阻燃剂处理对剑麻性能的影响不明显。表面化学处理还会降低剑麻纤维与改性丙烯酸酯的界面粘结强度,其下降的幅度与纤维拉伸强度下降程度不一致,阻燃剂处理的剑麻/改性丙烯酸酯的界面强度最低,仅为2.0 MPa,较未处理剑麻纤维复合体系下降了80%。经硅烷处理后,剑麻纤维的吸水率下降,吸水后其拉伸性能保留率高于未处理剑麻纤维。湿态条件下未处理剑麻纤维与环氧树脂的界面强度为6.6 MPa,高于硅烷处理剑麻/环氧树脂的界面强度,其断口形貌表明硅烷处理可导致微纤之间的弱粘结,从而降低了剑麻纤维自身及其与树脂的界面性能。     

天然植物资源复合改性酚醛树脂基摩擦材料的制备与性能

利用腰果酚改性酚醛树脂(PCF)作为基体、以剑麻浆作为增强体,制备了剑麻浆/PCF环保型摩擦材料。通过分析基体的相对分子质量、热性能以及测试摩擦材料的力学性能和摩擦性能,得到了最佳的腰果酚与剑麻浆添加量,并采用扫描电镜对磨损面进行了分析。结果表明,当腰果酚占酚含量的5%时,PCF的相对分子质量较高、耐热性较好、固化温度降低了2℃;剑麻浆占PCF含量的4%时,摩擦材料的冲击强度提高11.9%、弯曲强度提高7.1%、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)提高10℃,同时低温摩擦性能得到改善;磨损面形貌分析发现,添加2%和4%剑麻浆时可减少犁沟的产生。     

FKF纤维增强新型制动摩擦材料的研制

基于国内汽车摩擦材料行业的现状和生产成本的考虑,选用FKF纤维为主体增强纤维,改性酚醛树脂为基体,研制出FKF纤维增强新型制动摩擦材料.性能研究结果表明,新型摩擦材料的摩擦系数适宜且稳定,耐磨性能好,是一种理想的汽车摩擦材料.     

剑麻纤维增强复合材料的研究进展

综述了剑麻纤维和剑麻纤维增强复合材料的结构和性能及其应用.对剑麻纤维的综述主要包括剑麻纤维概况及与其他纤维的比较、剑麻纤维的表面处理方法和表征;对剑麻纤维增强复合材料的综述主要包括剑麻纤维增强热塑性树脂、热固性树脂、橡胶、水泥和石膏等其他基体复合材料的研究.     

剑麻纤维增强胶原基复合材料

用戊二醛作交联剂对皮革下脚料中提取的胶原水解物进行交联改性,采用溶胀度表征了材料的交联程度。探讨了戊二醛用量、胶原蛋白浓度和丙三醇含量对材料溶胀度的影响,并使用红外光谱对交联产物进行了表征。以改性胶原蛋白为基体、剑麻纤维为增强相,制备了剑麻纤维/胶原蛋白复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的形貌进行了表征,探讨了剑麻纤维的表面处理、纤维含量以及长度对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,对剑麻纤维表面进行碱处理可以改善纤维的表面结构,增加纤维与基体的界面粘结,提高复合材料的力学性能。当剑麻纤维质量分数为15 %、纤维长度为 7～8 mm时,复合材料具有较好的力学性能。该复合材料可望在包装垫隔材料方面得以应用。      

剑麻纤维的表面接枝改性与结构表征

采用碱处理、蒸汽爆破处理对剑麻纤维(SF)进行表面改性,再用马来酸酐(MAH)对其进行接枝改性.采用化学滴定方法测定了接枝的酯化程度,用DSC、TGA测试了改性剑麻纤维的热性能,用FTIR、WAXD、SEM表征其微观结构.结果表明,MAH已成功接枝到剑麻纤维表面,与未预处理剑麻纤维相比,蒸汽爆破处理后其酯化度提高了一倍多,结晶度提高了近30%,热性能也有一定的提高.     

TLCP/SF/酚醛树脂混杂复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用自行合成的热致性液晶聚合物(TLCP)与酚醛树脂(PF)通过熔融挤出进行原位复合,加入经过表面处理的剑麻纤维(SF),通过辊炼、模压成型制备了TLCP/SF/PF混杂复合材料。研究液晶聚合物的种类对TLCP/SF/PF混杂复合材料摩擦磨损性能、硬度、动态力学性能的影响,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了混杂复合材料的磨损面形貌,分析了混杂复合材料的摩擦磨损机理。研究结果表明,液晶聚合物聚对苯二甲酰-双(对羟基苯甲酸)癸二醇酯(PHDT)使TLCP/SF/PF的体积磨损率降低了15%,Tg提高了10℃。TLCP与剑麻纤维协同改善了混杂复合材料的摩擦性能,为制备无石棉摩擦材料提供理论参考。     

Mechanical property evaluation of sisal–jute–glass fiber reinforced polyester composites

The composite materials are replacing the traditional materials, because of its superior properties such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, high strength to weight ratio. The developments of new materials are on the anvil and are growing day by day. Natural fiber composites such as sisal and jute polymer composites became more attractive due to their high specific strength, lightweight and biodegradability. Mixing of natural fiber with Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRPs) are finding increased applications. In this study, sisal–jute–glass fiber reinforced polyester composites is developed and their mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength are evaluated. The interfacial properties, internal cracks and internal structure of the fractured surfaces are evaluated by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the incorporation of sisal–jute fiber with GFRP can improve the properties and used as a alternate material for glass fiber reinforced polymer composites.     

Influence of redmud particle hybridization in banana/sisal and sisal/glass composites

A novel hybrid composite is developed by adding redmud as the secondary reinforcing filler with banana/sisal and sisal/glass fiber reinforced polyester composites. The composites are prepared by the hand layup technique followed by compression molding. The tensile, flexural, and impact strength of the composites are investigated by varying the parameters such as particle size (4 and 13?µm) and weight percentage (2, 4, 6, and 8?wt%) of redmud particle addition. The experimental result shows that the addition of redmud enhances the mechanical property of the hybrid composite. The maximum increase of 33% in tensile strength and 54% in flexural strength is observed for the sisal/glass composite and 25% increase in impact strength for the banana/sisal composite. The linear regression analysis is also introduced to predict the errors in the scatter plot. Furthermore, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to study the effect of redmud on the interfacial bonding in the banana/sisal and sisal/glass fiber reinforced polyester composites.     

孔隙率对碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料是应用于汽车自动变速器中的一种新型湿式摩擦材料. 在固定原材料配比和含量的基础上, 通过改变摩擦材料厚度, 制备出几种孔隙率不同的碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料. 采用液体渗透法测试摩擦材料的孔隙率. 利用扫描电镜观察试样形貌. 通过惯量试验机研究孔隙率对碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料湿态摩擦磨损性能的影响. 试验结果表明: 短切碳纤维在树脂基体中均匀分散, 相互桥接, 形成了大小不一的贯穿性孔隙; 随着孔隙率的增大, 摩擦力矩曲线趋于平稳; 动摩擦系数升高, 静摩擦系数降低, 磨损率增大.     

氧化铝纤维含量对陶瓷基摩擦材料性能的影响

以工业废渣粉煤灰作为主要陶瓷组分,氧化铝纤维为增强相,采用冷压成型-热压固化两步法制备了氧化铝纤维增强陶瓷基摩擦材料,通过定速式摩擦磨损试验机研究了氧化铝纤维含量对陶瓷基摩擦材料性能的影响规律,并借助SEM观察磨损后样品的表面形貌,揭示了其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:随着氧化铝纤维含量的增加,陶瓷基摩擦材料的孔隙率与密度不断增加,而硬度则先降低后上升然后再略降低;摩擦系数随氧化铝纤维含量的增加呈现出先降低后上升的趋势,当氧化铝纤维含量为25%时,样品的摩擦系数稳定在0.60左右;添加氧化铝纤维促进了陶瓷基摩擦材料的磨损,且随其含量增加,磨损率总体上呈增大趋势;未添加氧化铝纤维的陶瓷基摩擦材料磨损形式主要为磨粒磨损和接触疲劳磨损,而添加25%氧化铝纤维的陶瓷基摩擦材料磨损形式以磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和纤维的脆性断裂为主。     

Chemical treatment of sisal fiber using alkali and clay method

In this study the chemical treatment of sisal fiber using the combined alkali (NaOH) and clay is discussed. The purpose of this fiber treatment is to improve the fiber–matrix compatibility, interface strength, mechanical, thermal and water barrier properties. The phase change due to chemical treatment of raw sisal fiber was examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The result shows the presence of about 20 wt.% clays in NaOH–clay treated sisal fiber with 2.6× reduced water uptake and also with improved mechanical and thermal properties. Subsequently the treated and untreated fibers were reinforced in polypropylene (PP) matrix and the mechanical and thermal properties were examined. The result indicates that the fiber–matrix interface strength, adhesion, glass transition temperature and tensile properties of composites were improved in NaOH–clay treated fiber composites.     

剑麻/聚丙烯复合材料的冲击性能及其预测

采用注塑工艺制备剑麻纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料,研究纤维含量、长度及其分布、不同基体树脂和相容剂类型等对复合材料冲击性能的影响。分析单纤维强度的分散性,采用修正的Weibull分布模型估算临界纤维强度,并对复合材料的冲击强度进行预测。结果表明：剑麻/聚丙烯的冲击强度随纤维含量增加而升高,树脂基体的性质对冲击强度具有显著的作用;界面层为刚性层的相容剂MAPP对冲击强度具有负作用,而界面层为柔性层的相容剂PP-g-GMA对冲击强度具有提高作用;同等含量下,使用PP-g-GMA后复合材料的冲击强度比使用MAPP提高21.7%。通过KH550硅烷溶液处理后的纤维与PP-g-GMA反应,在界面处引入更加柔性的界面层,使冲击强度比引入MAPP提高50.7%。将纤维取向因子引入冲击强度模型后,预测值与实测值符合较好。     

Investigating the mechanical properties of sisal/coconut palm hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composite

In this study, a facile hybridization of sisal/coconut palm reinforced epoxy composite, is presented. The fabrication method involved the use of hand lay-up techniques. The results of the fabricated composites were investigated by using the universal testing machine, hardness testing machine, scanning electron microscope, and an impact testing machine. In order to obtain optimize results for the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the fabricated samples, the fabrication procedures involved varying the volume fractions of sisal and coconut palm hybrid with different compositions. The maximum tensile, flexural, and impact strengths measured for the fabricated fiber/polymer composite, are: 45 MPa, 90 MPa, and 38.9 kJ/m². The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) of the composites showed that the composites with equal volume fractions of sisal and coconut palm fiber exhibited better performance and better mechanical properties. Furthermore, the improved mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength were obtained with fibers of longer length. By considering the excellent mechanical properties of the fabricated composite, it is envisaged that the composite be suitable for the manufacturing of helmet, automobile and train coach interiors.