电致变色器件关键材料凝胶聚合物电解质研究进展

凝胶聚合物电解质是构成电致变色器件(ECD)的关键材料,其在器件中作为电极间的传导介质,为电致变色反应提供补偿离子。利用不同基体材料制备的凝胶聚合物电解质对提高电致变色器件性能具有重要影响。综述了聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)及生物材料作为凝胶电解质聚合物基体的导电机理。阐述了它们作为电致变色器件电解质层对离子电导率、透光度、电致变色性能的影响。最后对凝胶聚合物电解质未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

钒掺杂氧化钨纳米线的制备与电致变色/储能性能

与Nb同族的V元素离子半径略小于W离子的半径，掺杂V元素可以提高氧化钨纳米线的离子扩散速率和结构稳定性。采用磁控溅射法和水热法制备V掺杂氧化钨纳米线薄膜，并通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和电化学测量装置探究不同V掺杂量对样品形态、成分以及电致变色性能等方面的影响。结果表明：通过适当的V掺杂，样品的光学性能得到了提升。当V掺杂量为0.1%(原子分数)时，氧化钨薄膜表现出最佳的电致变色性能。晶面间距、V—O键的加强和氧空位浓度等因素是影响氧化钨薄膜电致变色性能的关键因素。本工作将为V掺杂氧化钨纳米线结构作为电致变色材料和器件的研究提供有益参考。     

钒掺杂氧化钨纳米线的制备与电致变色/储能性能EI北大核心

与Nb同族的V元素离子半径略小于W离子的半径,掺杂V元素可以提高氧化钨纳米线的离子扩散速率和结构稳定性。采用磁控溅射法和水热法制备V掺杂氧化钨纳米线薄膜,并通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和电化学测量装置探究不同V掺杂量对样品形态、成分以及电致变色性能等方面的影响。结果表明:通过适当的V掺杂,样品的光学性能得到了提升。当V掺杂量为0.1%(原子分数)时,氧化钨薄膜表现出最佳的电致变色性能。晶面间距、V—O键的加强和氧空位浓度等因素是影响氧化钨薄膜电致变色性能的关键因素。本工作将为V掺杂氧化钨纳米线结构作为电致变色材料和器件的研究提供有益参考。     

吩噻嗪衍生物电致变色材料的合成及其性能研究

合成了系列10-N取代的吩噻嗪衍生物(phenothiazine derivatives,PDs),利用氢谱、碳谱、红外光谱等方法对其结构进行表征,并使用电化学工作站和紫外光谱对其电化学性质作了初步研究。组装了以PDs作为阳极电致变色材料,紫罗精作为阴极电致变色材料的新型阴极-阳极复合电致变色器件。当施加2.4V电压时器件阴极材料显示蓝色,而施加反向电压时阳极材料显示为红色,颜色可逆转换且其响应时间250ms,循环次数超过104,可实现寻址。PDs作为阳极材料具有优良的电致变色性能并且廉价环保,是一种令人瞩目的新型电致变色阳极材料。     

CeO2修饰的透明TiO2纳米管电极的电致变色器件

采用电化学沉积法在阳极氧化制备的TiO2纳米管阵列管壁上沉积一层CeO2纳米颗粒,再将CeO2修饰的透明TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜对电极与聚三甲基噻吩变色电极组装成透过型电致变色器件.实验结果表明:CeO2修饰的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜仍保持良好的光透过性,其电荷存储能力比纯TiO2纳米管电极提高了30%.经CeO2修饰的TiO2纳米管改善了器件的性能,与对电极为单一TiO2纳米管阵列的器件相比,其对比度仍保持在38%左右,其褪色时间由1.3 s缩短为0.8 s.电致变色器件快速响应得益于纳米管与纳米颗粒组成的复合结构的高比表面积和快速的电荷传输过程.     

Ti-O薄膜电致变色性能

像光致变色、热致变色材料一样，电致变色材料是一种功能性材料。对电致变色材料施以电场，经过电化学过程，便能产生一稳定可逆的光吸收或反射变化，在外表性能上则表现为颜色及透明度的变化。电致变色材料必须同时具备电子和离子导电能力，而且分别在阴极或阳极装置中呈现电变色现象。一般基本的电致变色器件包括：两层透明导电膜以驱动离子转移、一层主动电变色膜、一层离于导体膜和一层离子存贮膜。这种三明治式的组成允许在主动电变色层和离子存贮层之间发生循环的可逆化学反应，同时伴随有离子从离子存贮层通过离子导体注入主动电变色…     

静电喷雾法/原位洗脱法结合制备电致变色薄膜EI北大核心CSCD

电致变色材料在提倡低碳节能的发展理念下有很好的发展前景,而探索一种高效简单且性能优异的制备工艺尤为重要。利用静电喷雾法结合原位洗脱法制备了聚合物电致变色薄膜。根据电解质盐的颜色适配性和溶解性,选择四丁基高氯酸铵(TBAP)作为模板剂,在易加工的TPA-OMe-PA溶液中添加不同比例的电解质盐,然后利用静电喷雾技术在ITO玻璃表面沉积制备薄膜,再通过原位洗脱法去除其中的模板剂-电解质盐,最终制备出含有多层级孔结构的聚合物薄膜。采用电子扫描显微镜对其形貌进行分析,利用电化学工作站结合紫外/可见/红外光谱仪研究了薄膜的电致变色性能。研究结果表明,利用静电喷雾技术与原位洗脱法制备的聚合物薄膜具备多层级孔结构和良好的电致变色性能。其中电解质含量为33.3%(质量分数)时,多层级孔隙率最高,且电致变色性能最为优异,漂白时间/着色时间缩减至0.6 s/1 s,着色效率达到608.2 cm^(2)·C^(-1),为已报道基于相同材料的电致变色薄膜的最快响应速度。     

接枝己基噻吩共轭分子的电化学聚合和性能表征

利用斯蒂尔偶联反应合成了一种基于苯并硒二唑和己基噻吩的有机共轭单体,通过电化学方法制备导电聚合物,并对其进行了结构表征和电化学性能测试。核磁共振1H谱和13C谱验证单体与理论结构一致,红外结果验证了电化学聚合位点为己基噻吩的α位;循环伏安测试表明聚合物具有良好的电化学活性和稳定性,经过100圈循环扫描后电化学活性仍保持92.3%;光滑、均质连续的表面形貌有利于提高聚合物的电导率和电子传输性能、较高的热稳定性表明其能够应用在光电器件中;在0 V到1.2 V电压范围内,光谱电化学测试中聚合物薄膜颜色从淡蓝色到灰色的转变说明聚合物具有良好的电致变色特性;以上结论表明聚合物在电致变色材料中具有应用前景。     

一种新型基于纳米TiO_2薄膜的电子纸器件(英文)

近年来,在电致变色领域基于甲基紫精修饰高比表面积的纳米TiO2薄膜电极取得了巨大的进步,并将这项技术推向商业化.本文介绍了一种由有机变色分子修饰纳米晶TiO2薄膜电极而组装成的电致变色器件,通过"嫁接"在甲基紫精分子上的磷酸基和纳米TiO2薄膜电极表面的羟基化学吸附,我们得到了具有良好电致变色性能的"电子纸".本文采用的电解质是0.05mol/L的高氯酸锂和0.05mol/L的二茂铁的1,4丁内酯溶液,对电极为透明导电玻璃.实验证明该电致变色器件具有很高的稳定性,并达到了毫秒级的响应速度,在未来显示领域"电子纸"的商业化进程中具有很大的潜力.     

聚苯胺-普鲁士蓝全固态电致变色器件的制备及特性

电沉积法制备的聚苯胺-普鲁士蓝(PANI-PB)电致变色层与KCl掺杂的聚2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(PAMPS)的离子导电层相结合,组装制得8.5×12.5cm2全固态电致变色器件.该器件只需1～2 V的驱动电压,即可显示出良好的着、退色性能,当驱动电压为零,器件自身着色.紫外-可见分光光度计表征表明,该器件在600nm处的光可调节范围达到60%,具有较好的应用前景.     

La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的储氢性能研究

针对两种新型稀土型储氢合金La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2的储氢特性进行研究分析。实验表明,相同温度下,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的PCT曲线基本重合,且都具有优良的吸氢动力学性能;相比之下,后者的滞后系数要小于前者,吸氢量较大,吸氢速率也较快,故其储氢性能较优。300次吸放氢循环实验结果表明,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的吸氢动力学性能虽然略有下降,但抗粉化性能较好。     

Dy0.6Tb0.3Pr0.1(Fe0.95Mn0.05)x取向晶体的结构与磁致伸缩

采用Ｃｚｏｃｈｒａｌｓｋｉ方法生长了Ｄｙ０．６Ｔｂ０．３Ｐｒ０．１（Ｆｅ０．９５Ｍｎ０．０５）ｘ（１．８５≤ｘ≤１．９５）取向合金。所有合金主相为立方Ｌａｖｅｓ相结构,择优取向不完整择优取向的方向与Ｘ的大小有关。研究了沿着这些样品的生长方向的磁致伸缩性能以及磁致伸缩性能与压力之间的关系。     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu15Co2.5合金的玻璃转变温度

根据Ｚｒ６５Ａｌ７。５Ｎｉ１０Ｃｕ１５Ｃｏ２。５合金的纳米晶，晶体，液体和玻璃比热的测量结果，研究了合金的玻璃转变温度与全金的热力学函数，动力学参数以及加热速度的关系。结果表明，非晶态合金玻璃转变所需转变激活能很小，玻璃转变温度实际上是由于加热速度引起的不同状态的玻璃与液体的热力学平衡温度。     

Acousto-optic interaction in alpha-BaB(2)O(4)and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals

Experimental studies and analysis of acousto-optic diffraction in alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals are given. Ultrasonic wave velocity, elastic compliance and stiffness coefficients, and piezo-optic and photoelastic coefficients of alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals are determined. The acousto-optic figure of merit has been estimated for different possible geometries of acousto-optic interaction. It is shown that the acousto-optic figures of merit for alpha-BaB(2)O(4) crystals reach the value M(2)=(270 +/- 70) x 10(-15) s(3)/kg for the case of interaction with the slowest ultrasonic wave. The directions of propagation and polarization of those acoustic waves are obtained on the basis of construction of acoustic slowness surfaces. The acousto-optic diffraction is experimentally studied for alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals.     

Nanomechanical characterization of one-step combustion-synthesized Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires

Two kinds of aluminum borate nanowires, Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33), were successfully synthesized by a one-step combustion method through control of the Al:B atomic ratio and synthesis temperature. Both nanowires are single crystalline but have distinguishing growth habits. Nanoindentation tests were performed directly on individual nanowires to reveal their mechanical properties. A 70% reduction in elastic modulus was found in Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires compared with their bulk counterpart. Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires exhibited higher hardness and elastic modulus than Al(4)B(2)O(9) nanowires.     

Plasma surface treatments of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

The surfaces of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were modified by oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments. The physical and chemical surface characteristics were evaluated by contact angle tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The plasma treatments caused an increase in both contact angle and roughening, altered the surface morphology, inserted polar groups, and, consequently, enhanced the hydrophilicity for both PLLA and PHBV polymers.     

Natural Passivity of Amorphous Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 Alloys

The natural passive films forrned on Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 amorphous alloys long-term exposed in air have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron (including Ar+ ion depth profiling) spectroscopy (AES). The following aspects have been investigated: (1) chemical states of the elements in the films. binding energies and the chemical shifts measured by XPSf (2) structure and composition of the films fand (3) thickness of the passive films determined by AES depth profiling and XPS analysis.     

An SANS Study of Decomposition Kinetics in Amorphous Cu_(12.5)Ni_(10)Zr_(41)Ti_(14)Be_(22.5)

Phase decomposition in amorphous Cu12.5Ni10Zr411Ti14Be22.5 alloy as annealed in the super-cooled liquid range was studied by applying small angle neutron scattering (SANS). As annealed between 600 K and 700 K, the alloy was observed to decompose into two new amorphous phases,with the second phase precipitates embedded in the matrix of the first. Long time annealing of the alloy results in crystallization in addition to evolution of the decomposed microstructure.The kinetic diagram of the decomposition and crystallization for this alloy is given. The second phase precipitates have several nanometers in size and occupy a quite low volume fraction. The decomposition of the supercooled liquid in overall temperature range exhibits the features of spinodal reaction.