有机高分子对高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物力学性能的影响

以高岭土及矿渣为原料,硅酸钠为激发剂,制备高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物,分别采用聚羧酸、聚丙烯酸乳液两种有机高分子对其进行强化韧化.力学性能结果表明:掺入0.5wt％的聚羧酸或聚丙烯酸乳液都能对高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物起到强化增韧作用.XRD和SEM分析结果表明:高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物主要以结构致密的无定形物质的形式存在,有机增韧剂的掺入对高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物的矿物相组成没有影响.     

地质聚合物凝结硬化及其调节技术的研究进展

地质聚合物(Geopolymer)是一类由活性铝硅酸盐矿物在碱激发作用下形成的非传统胶凝材料,具有高强、耐久、绿色环保等特点.但地质聚合物原材料和碱性激发剂的多样性使其水化机理异常复杂,凝结硬化性质不确定性增加,且受环境温度变化影响大.因原材料及制备工艺不同,地质聚合物凝结硬化特性可能走向两个极端:(1)凝结硬化过快,难以施工;(2)长时间不凝结硬化,早期强度发展慢.通过合理有效的方法将其凝结时间调控至适合范围,是实际工程应用中亟需解决的关键问题.本文分别阐述了高钙、低钙和无钙体系下地质聚合物的凝结硬化机理,详细分析了铝硅酸盐原料细度、活性及CaO含量,激发剂的类型、掺量以及环境温度等因素对地质聚合物凝结时间的影响,概括总结了调节地质聚合物凝结时间的技术方法,并分析了其作用机理,以期为地质聚合物的应用研究提供技术支持.     

硅微粉对高炉渣矿物聚合材料性能的影响

以高炉渣为主要原料,煅烧高岭土为主要配料制备矿物聚合材料,28d抗压强度为43MPa,抗折强度为6MPa。在固体粉料中添加硅微粉,考察其对聚合材料性能的影响,实验结果表明,添加硅微粉后,材料气孔率降低,28d抗压强度提高了约30%,达57MPa,抗折强度提高了约50%,为9.5MPa,同时材料的流动性和抗淡水侵蚀能力显著增强。XRD及SEM分析表明,加入硅微粉后,聚合反应完全,产物非结晶态趋势增强,三维架构中形成更多四面体结构,材料裂纹相对减少,且断口参差不齐,材料韧性得到了提高。     

土聚水泥的聚合反应与研究现状

分析了土聚水泥的化学成分以及矿物组成;讨论了其水化产物的形态以及结构特点;概述了土聚水泥具备的性能特点;介绍了土壤聚合反应的机理,指出土聚反应产生的过程是介稳状态的偏高岭土等无定型硅铝化合物在碱性激活剂及促硬剂的作用下经历一个由解聚到再聚合的过程,从而形成类似地壳中一些天然矿物的铝硅酸盐网络状结构;将土壤聚合反应的过程分为5个部分.     

镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物的制备与表征

以工业固体废弃物镍渣和偏高岭土为原料,以水玻璃为激发剂,在相同稠度下制备镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物。研究了镍渣种类和掺量对地聚合物力学性能和体积变化的影响,测定了地聚合物的碱溶出情况,并利用XRD、SEM-EDS对地聚合物的矿物组成和微观形貌进行分析。结果表明:随着水淬镍渣掺量的增大,地聚合物的抗压强度先增大后降低,在镍渣掺量为50%、液固比为0.45时,地聚合物的抗压强度最大,28d达到58.8 MPa;而随着风冷镍渣掺量的增大,地聚合物的强度逐渐降低。此外,水淬镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物的体积变化主要表现为膨胀,而风冷镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物表现为收缩。     

地聚合物胶凝材料的性能研究

在以往对地聚合物胶凝材料的研究中,碱性激发剂的制备都需要经过24h或者更长时间的陈化,这不利于地聚合物的实际应用.以偏高岭土和粉煤灰为硅铝酸盐材料,采用不经过陈化的双组分作碱性激发剂制备地聚合物胶凝材料.研究了激发剂的掺加方式、种类、含量以及粉煤灰对地聚合物胶凝材料力学性能的影响;初步研究了地聚合物的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能以及耐高温性能.结果表明:不经过陈化的双组分作碱性激发剂制备的地聚合物3天抗压强度可以达到45MPa,抗硫酸盐侵蚀及耐高温性能比普通硅酸盐水泥更为优异,是一种值得关注的新型胶凝材料.     

高岩温隧道下矿物掺合料对混凝土力学性能的影响

通过模拟高岩温隧道条件,研究了高岩温隧道条件下矿物掺合料对混凝土强度的影响。结果表明:高岩温条件下可以提高混凝土的早期强度,但后期强度却有较大幅度的下降,当温度低于50℃时,矿渣粉煤灰复合混凝土的强度更高;当温度超过60℃时,粉煤灰混凝土的强度更高。XRD及SEM分析表明:高岩温条件下胶凝材料水化速度加快,生成的水化产物来不及均匀扩散,相互搭接变差,当温度低于50℃时,水分蒸发较慢,水分充足,矿渣的活性容易被激发,水化产物结构致密;当温度超过60℃时,由于水分蒸发较快,矿渣的活性难以被激发,水化产物结构变疏松。     

早期外加电场下激发剂对粉煤灰地质聚合物性能的影响

以粉煤灰为原料,水玻璃和氢氧化钠为激发剂制备粉煤灰地质聚合物.研究了早期外加电场下激发剂和外加电压对粉煤灰地质聚合物试样表面温度、抗压强度的影响,分析了其矿物组成的变化.研究结果表明:早期外加电场下,氢氧化钠和钠水玻璃激发粉煤灰地质聚合物试样的抗压强度均比未加电场时提高,外加电压增加可以显著提高材料的表面温度和抗压强度...     

磷酸盐化学结合陶瓷材料的材料配合比及其机理研究

在室温条件下利用磷酸盐溶液、偏高岭土和镁砂作为主要原材料制备出了磷酸盐化学结合陶瓷材料(CBPC),研究了P/Al摩尔比以及MgO的用量对硬化CBPC材料强度发展的影响。结果表明当磷酸盐溶液中P/Al摩尔比为3、磷酸盐溶液与偏高岭土的质量比为1.5时,抗压强度最高。利用DTA-TG、XRD、FT-IR以及SEM等表征手段对硬化的产物进行了微观形貌和结构分析表征。CBPC的形成机理主要是聚合反应,该聚合反应主要发生在铝氧层,偏高岭土的中Al-O层与磷酸盐的中P—O进行了键合,并通过部分层内羟基形成氢键,从而形成三维网状立体结构。镁砂与磷酸盐反应生成MgHPO_4·3H_2O,有利于CPBC微观结构的形成,提高了CBPC的固化强度。     

机械力活化粉煤灰制备地聚合物的性能及机理研究

利用机械力球磨激发粉煤灰火山灰活性,研究了机械力活化前后粉煤灰基地聚合物性能变化,并对机械力活化粉煤灰及其地聚合物的形成机理进行分析。结果表明,机械力球磨活化后粉煤灰基地聚合物水化反应速度加快,养护28d后抗压强度提高至79.97MPa,具有更好的抗冻融性能。XRD、FT-IR和SEM分析表明机械力活化前后粉煤灰基地聚合物水化产物主要为无定形凝胶;机械力作用能有效提高粉煤灰活性,使地聚合反应更充分;活化后地聚合物样品结构更加致密,为高性能粉煤灰基地聚合物的工程应用提供理论依据。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.