粉末冶金法制备PSZ/Mo复合材料的研究

本文采用粉末冶金法制备了不同成分的PSZ/Mo复合材料。并对其密度、弹性模量和热膨胀系数进行了测量和分析 ,用XRD进行了物相分析。实验结果表明 :纳米氧化锆的烧结性能比金属钼好 ;弹性模量估算选用简单混合法则进行计算时应进行修正 ;钼和氧化锆在烧结时不发生化学反应。通过热压PSZ/Mo功能梯度材料的断口扫描分析发现 :虽然金属钼和纳米氧化锆具有一定增韧作用 ,但材料断裂方式仍以脆性断裂为主     

粉末冶金法制备PSZ／Mo复合材料的研究

本文采用粉末冶金法制备了不同成分的PSZ/Mo复合材料。并对其密度、弹性模量和热膨胀系数进行了测量和分析，用XRD进行了物相分析。实验结果表明：纳米氧化锆的烧结性能比金属钼好；弹性模量估算选用简单混合法则进行计算时应进行修正；钼和氧化锆在烧结时不发生化学反应。通过热压PSZ/Mo功能梯度材料的断口扫描分析发现：虽然金属钼和纳米氧化锆具有一定增韧作用，但材料断裂方式仍以脆性断裂为主。     

流延法制备管状ZrO_2/SUS316L功能梯度材料

结合流延法和辊压成型技术制备梯度变化为10%和20%(体积分数)的管状ZrO2/SUS316L梯度材料,优化了管状梯度材料的制备工艺,对其截面形貌进行了表征,利用有限元模拟其应力分布,并结合压缩和循环热震实验对管状梯度材料的径向力学性能和热冲击行为进行了研究。结果表明,所制备的管状ZrO2/SUS316L梯度材料成分梯度过渡良好;径向压缩时最大拉应力产生于外壁不锈钢层,20%(体积分数)管状梯度材料的抗压缩变形的能力较高,但是断裂功较低,而10%(体积分数)管状梯度材料接近于塑性断裂方式;随着梯度变化降低,管状梯度材料的热冲击性能提高,梯度变化10%(体积分数)时500~25℃最大循环热震次数为78。     

钨铜梯度材料热震过程中显微组织及热性能

针对目前W-Cu功能梯度材料(FGM)在长期热震循环过程中的稳定性缺乏相应研究的问题,以化学镀W-10wt%Cu复合粉体和Cu粉为原料,通过叠层压制和常压气氛烧结的工艺制备了W-10wt%Cu/W-20wt%Cu/W-30wt%Cu层状梯度材料。在600℃、800℃、1000℃温度下进行热震试验,对试样在不同热震温度、热震次数下的显微组织和热学性能变化进行了研究。试验结果表明,随着热震温度升高,渗出至试样各梯度层表面的Cu逐渐增加。当热震温度达到1000℃时,试样各梯度层表面出现大量Cu聚集成片的现象,同时在W-20wt%Cu/W-30wt%Cu界面处发现了界面裂纹。随着热震次数的提高,在W-10Cu层中,Cu逐渐渗出表面并在内部留下微孔。此外,W-Cu FGM的热导率随热震次数的增加而减小,在1000℃经过200次热震后,室温热导率由200.54 W·(m·K)?1降至159.23 W·(m·K)?1,降低了20.60%。该结果揭示了热震循环中裂纹形成与显微组织变化的耦合失效机制,明确了W-Cu FGM安全服役的范围。      

Al3O—Ti系梯度功能材料残余热应力的有限元分析

采用有限元方法对Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｔｉ系梯度功能材料在制备过程中产生的残余热应力进行了线 性性分析。详细讨论了梯度层数目、梯度层厚度和成分梯度指数对应力大小和分布的影响，确定了各项最佳参数。非梯度功能材料与优化后的梯度功能材料的残余热絷力对此结果显示：梯度功能赫兹 热应力的效果十分显著。     

W2Cu面对等离子体梯度热沉材料的制备和性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了 W2Cu面对等离子体梯度热沉材料。对其显微组织、 界面以及重要的热学、 力学性能进行了研究。显微组织观察表明 : 截面成分呈梯度分布 , 并通过高温下元素的扩散 , 实现了组织的连续变化 , 层间没有明显界面 ; 烧结后 Cu形成了连续的网络结构 , 分布在 W颗粒周围。W2Cu梯度材料的化学元素分- 1布和热学、 力学性能沿厚度方向呈梯度变化 , 材料整体的热导率达 151. 4 W·(m·K) 。在 800 ℃ 温差条件下 ,对材料分别进行抗热震和耐热疲劳实验。热震实验后 , 界面处未发现裂纹和开裂现象 , 表现出良好的抗热震性能。经过 83次热循环冲击后 , 观察到了裂缝 , 并探讨了裂缝形成机制。     

细晶铈、镁复合稳定PSZ陶瓷的制备及性能研究

以工业ZrO2为主要原料,CeO2,MgO及α－Al2O3作为复合稳定剂及颗粒添加剂,采用机械球磨混合法制备粉料,进而在较低的固溶烧结温度（≤1550℃）下,经1100℃适当时间热处理,制备出具有较好力学性能的细晶PSZ陶瓷材料,其室浊度约655MPa,断裂韧性在15MPa.m^1/2左或,所制备细晶PSZ材料的临界热震温差△Tc在750℃左右,其中微裂纹增韧机制的存在对材料的抗热震性有积极作用,在（180℃,1MPa）水热条件下,采用CeO2作为复合稳定剂的PSZ陶瓷材料具有较好的抗水化性能。     

热压烧结SiC/C功能梯度材料微观结构及热震性能研究

本文采用粉末冶金法中的叠层法在2000℃,40MPa的热压烧结条件下设计制备了无宏观缺陷的几类具有不同叠层数的块体SiC／C功能梯度材料（FGM）。所得样品结构的SEM图表明材料总体梯度特征显著,相比四层FGM样品,八层FGM样品梯度过渡趋于连续,其相邻层间界面相对模糊淡化,界面处的结合性能良好,十一层FGM样品梯度过渡更加连续线性,相邻层间界面已基本消失。500℃～室温循环淬水实验和有限元理论模拟均表明八层及大于八层的SiC／C FGM体系有效地缓和了内部热应力,具有良好的抗热震性能。     

陶瓷／金属梯度热障涂层的制备及性能评价

为了评价陶瓷／金属梯度热障涂层的性能，设计了4种涂层方案和2种基体材料（1Cr18Ni9Ti和2Cr13）．利用单枪单送粉器成功地制备了线性梯度涂层．通过观察涂层的微观结构、测量涂层的抗热震性能和热残余应力来评价涂层的性能．利用扫描电镜对各种陶瓷涂层的微观结构进行了观察和分析，利用X射线能谱分析得到了陶瓷梯度涂层试样中的不同区域的衍射图．热震试验表明，梯度涂层比非梯度涂层具有更好的抗热震性能．采用钻孔法对不同涂层方案进行了残余应力的测量，结果表明，压应力出现在1Cr18Ni9Ti基体材料上，而拉应力出现在2Cr13基体材料上．     

多弧离子镀(Cr,Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元超硬梯度膜的结构及性能

(Cr,Ti,Al,Zr)N梯度膜性能优异。采用多弧离子镀技术,使用Ti-Al-Zr合金靶和Cr单质靶在高速钢表面制备(Cr,Ti,Al,Zr)N多元超硬梯度膜,利用扫描电镜、能谱、X射线衍射仪、硬度计、划痕仪对膜层形貌、成分、结构、硬度、附着力进行分析,并通过热震性能试验考察了膜层的抗热震性能。结果表明:制备的膜层为面心立方结构,择优生长取向为(220)面;与TiN,(Ti,Al)N,(Ti,Cr)N,(Ti,Al,Zr)N等硬质膜相比,制备的(Cr,Ti,Al,Zr)N多元梯度膜具有更高的硬度和膜/基附着力,硬度可达4400HV,膜/基附着力大于200N,实现了从硬质膜到超硬膜的转变;膜层中N含量梯度可有效减少应力集中,Cr,Al含量的增加有利于提高膜层抗热震性能;负偏压对膜层硬度影响较大,对膜层成分、结构、抗热震性能影响较小,对膜/基附着力基本无影响。     

Properties of multilayered mullite/Mo functionally graded materials fabricated by powder metallurgy processing

Mullite/Mo functionally graded material (FGM) was developed with a powder metallurgy process. Microscopic observations revealed that the microstructure of the mullite/Mo FGM had a gradual stepwise variation. The thermomechanical properties of the mullite/Mo system had graded distributions that depend on the composition variation across the thickness. Thermal shock tests were done on the FGMs and on monolithic mullite. The FGM specimens had better thermal shock resistance than did monolithic mullite. The thermal shock resistance of FGMs was influenced by the sintering-induced residual thermal stress. Cracks caused by thermal shock were observed, and the mechanism of crack formation was discussed.     

梯度薄膜材料设计原则

针对梯度薄膜材料的特殊性,在平面应力近似基础上进行热弹性理论推导,结果表明,梯度薄膜材料的热应力极值由梯度薄膜材料本身的性质决定,组成分布系数只影响热力的分布和变化趋势。提出了梯度薄膜材料设计原则。     

Mechanical properties of functionally graded 2-D cellular structures: A finite element simulation

Functionally graded cellular structures such as bio-inspired functionally graded materials for manufacturing implants or bone replacement, are a class of materials with low densities and novel physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic properties. A gradual increase in cell size distribution, can impart many improved properties which may not be achieved by having a uniform cellular structure.The material properties of functionally graded cellular structures as a function of density gradient have not been previously addressed within the literature. In this study, the finite element method is used to investigate the compressive uniaxial and biaxial behavior of functionally graded Voronoi structures. Furthermore, the effect of missing cell walls on its overall mechanical (elastic, plastic, and creep) properties is investigated.The finite element analysis showed that the overall effective elastic modulus and yield strength of structures increased by increasing the density gradient. However, the overall elastic modulus of functionally graded structures was more sensitive to density gradient than the overall yield strength. The study also showed that the functionally graded structures with different density gradient had similar sensitivity to random missing cell walls. Creep analysis suggested that the structures with higher density gradient had lower steady-state creep rate compared to that of structures with lower density gradient.     

金属─陶瓷梯度材料的热弹塑性分析

本文对金属-陶瓷梯度材料的稳态热弹塑性行为进行了研究.文中首先采用平均场和自洽弹塑性微观力学方法预测了金属-陶瓷梯度材料的非弹性性能,然后用非线性有限元法计算了材料制备过程中的热弹塑性应力.结果表明,梯度材料的热弹塑性行为对梯度材料的热应力缓和性能有显著影响.      

金属─陶瓷梯度材料的热弹塑性分析

本文对金属-陶瓷梯度材料的稳态热弹塑性行为进行了研究.文中首先采用平均场和自洽弹塑性微观力学方法预测了金属-陶瓷梯度材料的非弹性性能,然后用非线性有限元法计算了材料制备过程中的热弹塑性应力.结果表明,梯度材料的热弹塑性行为对梯度材料的热应力缓和性能有显著影响.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of HVOF sprayed Ni based alloys with carbide

The objective of the present study is to develop multi-functioned coating to the components, which are made of copper with electroplated Ni and are widely used for steel making industry. In this paper, we report the mechanical and thermal properties of Ni based superalloys with carbide sprayed by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF), and the detailed effects of sprayed material, spraying conditions, and initial powder structure on these properties. It was found that, among commercial Ni self-fluxing alloys (without fusing treatment), coating with a carbon content of 0.58 mass% had the most preferable properties, with a good balance of the hardness, strength, and thermal shock resistance. The thermal shock resistance depended not only on the strength of the coating but also on the volume contraction when tested at high temperatures. For the several developed Ni based superalloys with carbide, Ni20Cr8Mo5Fe–WC and Ni16Cr15Mo3–WC demonstrated the prominent adhesion strength and thermal shock resistance with high Galvanic corrosion resistance through optimized spraying condition. Also, 20 mass% NiCr–Cr₃C₂ coating sprayed by using employed relatively small primary particle succeeded in achieving the multi-superior properties; high adhesion strength, high corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.     

颗粒弥散复合材料等效导热系数的估算

等效热导率是热障功能梯度材料的重要热物理性能,本文采用小最小热阻力法则和比等效导热系数相等法则,推导出了热障型陶瓷／金属复赤道儿热导系数的普通式。并研究了Ni-ZrO2系复合材料的等效热导率随成分变化的规律,将理论值和实测值进行了比较。结果表明该理论对热障功能梯度材料的设计具有指导意义。     

燃烧合成TiC-Al_2O_3/Fe梯度材料及其抗热震行为

采用自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压（ＳＨＳ／ＰＨＩＰ）制备出了具有对称结构的 ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｆｅ梯度材料,并对其抗热冲击及抗热疲劳行为进行了测试和分析·结果表明, ＳＨＳ／ＰＨＩＰ制备的 ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｆｅ梯度材料具有预期的梯度式组成,在热冲击和热疲劳实验过程中均无梯度层间横向贯穿裂缝,克服了传统陶瓷／金属直接接合界面的热应力剥落．