介孔材料分形表征的研究进展

分形是材料表征中一种新兴的方法。本文介绍了介孔材料的基本特性和表征方法;阐述了分形理论的发展、分形维数的计算测定与分形在介孔材料表征中的应用,分析了介孔材料的分形模型,指出分形在介孔材料表征中的发展前景。     

分形理论及其在材料科学中的应用

介绍了分形的概念以及分形维数的计算方法 ,重点讨论了分形理论在材料科学 ,如材料磨损表面分析、断裂表面分析、无机材料的烧结与氧化过程分析等方面的应用     

分形在纳米材料科学中的应用及发展趋势

随着分形理论的发展,其在材料科学中的应用日益广泛,而在纳米材料的研究中,分形理论显示出优越性.概述了分形的概念和分形学的发展,介绍了近年来分形理论在纳米材料研究方面的一些应用,重点讨论了分形理论在薄膜材料生长机理及性能表征、粉体材料、纳米碳管、纳米复合材料、纳米晶须等方面的应用,并展望了分形理论在纳米材料科学中的发展趋势.     

分形理论在聚合物纳米复合材料中的应用

随着分形理论的发展,其在材料领域中的应用越来越广泛,在纳米材料的研究中,分形理论可以作为研究微观形结构和客观性能关系的桥梁。概述了分形理论的发展,重点介绍了分形理论在纳米材料、纳米颗粒分散和纳米复合材料3个方面的应用,并展望了分形理论在纳米材料中应用的前景。     

分形理论及其在摩擦学研究中的应用

介绍了分形的概念以及分形维数的计算方法，重点讨论了分形理论在麻摩擦学研究，如摩擦表面分析、摩擦磨损问题研究和滑动摩擦温度分布的分形模型等方面的应用。     

金属腐蚀形貌的分形特性研究综述

介绍了分形理论及其特点,简要论述了自相似分形分维和多重分形谱分析方法,对它们在整体腐蚀形貌、点蚀形貌、应力腐蚀、腐蚀机理等方面的应用进行了阐述,比较了两种分形方法的应用特点,分析了今后分形理论在腐蚀领域中的应用趋势。     

分形理论在晶体表面形貌中的应用

分形理论是现代非线性科学中的一个重要的分支,是科学研究中一种重要的数学工具和手段,介绍分形理论的基本概念,给出分形理论的重要参数分形维数的几种常见定义和计算方法。重点介绍分形理论在无光釉体系枝晶体和铌酸锂晶体等晶体中的应用及最新的进展情况,最后,展望分形理论的应用前景及其发展方向,提出分形理论将面临和有待解决的问题。     

分形理论及其在材料科学中的应用

分形理论是现代科学研究领域中一种重要的数学工具和手段。本文介绍了分形及分形维数的相关概念,重点讨论了分形理论在材料科学,如材料磨损表面分析、材料断裂表面分析、材料烧结与氧化过程、材料凝固和相变过程等方面的应用。     

分形理论在聚合物中的应用进展

分形理论作为一种新兴的理论,已广泛应用于各个领域.分形理论在聚合物研究中的应用显示其重要作用.采用分形理论能定量地表示多相聚合物体系的相分离、微观结构、力学性能等.就有关分形理论在研究聚合物中的应用,介绍了最近几年其中的一些应用研究发展情况.     

分形理论应用于包装材料性能研究的进展

目的 分形现象广泛存在于包装材料性能等方面,目前尚无系统性的描述,有必要总结分形理论应用于包装材料性能的研究进展,为采用分形方法研究包装材料性能提供参考.方法 从分形特征的提取、分形维数的计算方法等方面,综述应用于金属合金和陶瓷等无机材料、高分子聚合物和复合材料等的分形分析方法.通过包装材料的分形维数模型,分析包装材料的分形特征参数与其性能之间的关系.结果 利用分形分析方法,可以定性和定量表征大量不同种类包装材料的分形特征、微观结构和力学等性能.结论 利用分形理论研究包装材料性能的方法具有普遍性,包装材料性能与分形维数的关系将是分形理论在包装材料性能研究方面的重要发展趋势之一.     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.     

聚苯胺及其复合物的制备和结构及形貌分析

通过化学氧化法分别制备盐酸,盐酸和十二烷基苯磺酸,碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)掺杂的聚苯胺,利用红外光谱,紫外光谱,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对所制备聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行分析。分析不同掺杂物对聚苯胺的结构和形貌的影响;同时研究了超声波作用对聚苯胺形貌以及聚苯胺包裹MWNTs-COOH情况的影响。     

Thermodynamic similarity and prediction of the properties and characteristics of substances and processes

Principles of the theory of thermodynamic similarity are considered in application to all aggregate states of a substance, including phase transitions, and to the change in dissipative structures in open systems.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 709–716, November, 1987.     

Modelling and computation of curing and damage of thermosets

The curing of thermosets is a complex process involving the transition from a fluid into a (visco-) elastic solid. This phase transition comes along with an increase in stiffness and a volume shrinkage of the polymer. The latter may lead to severe residual strains and stresses, which in turn can cause damage in the final, usually quasi-brittle material. In this contribution a constitutive model is developed which takes into account the curing of a thermosetting material together with the process-induced damage as resulting from curing shrinkage. The curing of the material is governed by a phenomenological hypoelastic constitutive equation which includes temporal evolutions for stiffness and volume shrinkage. Thermal and viscous effects are neglected in the present study. An isotropic gradient-enhanced damage model is adapted to describe the damage evolution. The curing-damage model is implemented into a finite element code and numerical examples for thermosetting materials demonstrate that the proposed model is capable to predict cure-induced damage in thermosets.     

碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究现状及其展望

碳化硼陶瓷具有极高的硬度,然而其低韧性、低抗弯强度、难以致密化限制了它的广泛应用.已有一些研究集中于碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化,对这一方面国内外研究进展进行了归纳与评述,阐明各种增韧补强和致密化方法的优缺点,提出碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究值得发展的一些方向.     

Measurement and analysis of elastic and anelastic properties of alumina and silicon carbide

Measurements of dynamic Young's modulus, E, and damping as a function of temperature, T, were made for alumina and silicon carbide. The Young's modulus data were compared with some from the literature, and analysed in terms of a theoretical framework relating the Debye temperature, θD, with the elastic constants. For both materials this analysis yielded a ratio T₀/θ_D which was near 0.4, where T₀ is an empirical fitting constant for the plot of (E(0)−E)/T versus 1/T (E(0) is the value of E at 0 K). The analysis of the damping data in terms of an Arrhenius type dependence led to effective activation energies near kT, where k is Boltzmann's constant. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanisms of Corosion and Oxidation of Metals and Alloys

Selected topics in field of the study of the mechanisms of corrosion and of oxidation of metals or alloys are presented. The first part reports a new model for the mechanism of the breakaway oxidation of ferritic stainless steels in water vapour. The second part is devoted to the physico‐chemical aspects of oxidation and presents experimental methods useful in the kinetic modelling applied to two alloys, the zircalloy‐4 and an AlMg5 % in the liquid state. In the third part the physical and numerical modelling of the stress corrosion cracking behaviour in face‐centered cubic (fcc) alloys is detailed, which enables the study of the influence of macroscopic parameters (such as the temperature or hydrogen activity) on the fracture process.     

Surface-charge density and potential of coal-liquid mixtures and control of their stability and fluidity

The preparation conditions of concentrated (>70%) aqueous suspensions of coal were optimized, as were the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal-water suspensions. The theoretical study showed that (1–3) or (2–3) electrolytes such as Na₂SO₄ or Na₅P₃O₁₀, greatly increase the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal particles in water. This study has led to the interesting result that thinners and stabilizing agents of concentrated clay suspensions, such as lignosulphonates, tripolyphosphates, polynaphtalene sulphonates, etc., must also be good thinners and stabilizing agents for ground coal-water suspensions. Two parameters were controlled: the stability and the fluidity of the suspensions. A penetrometry technique revealed the importance of the resistance coefficient,C _r that can be used as a criterion for the evaluation of coal-water mixture stability and fluidity. Concentrated coal suspensions (about 75% of solid by weight) were prepared in water by using different additives, for instance sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) and surfactants like lignosulphonates (by coupling of the dispersion and stabilizing effects) with the optimum concentration ratio of these two products equal to 1.9. The stability of the suspensions was then greater than 2 months and the viscosity was 1900 cP.     

SARS传染病数学建模及预测预防控制机理研究

首先，利用疾病传播的一般规律及人口守恒统计法则建立了四类人的SARS传染病数学模型，然后运用数学方法对四类人的SARS传染病数学模型进行分析，得出了其生理意义和预防、控制机理。其次，利用人工神经网络理论建立了SARS的预测模型，以北京市的SARS数据为例进行了预测和分析，预测结果显示该模型简单易行，预测精度高。