离子液体[Bmim]BF4中氧化铟的制备研究

室温离子液体作为一种新型的性能优异的绿色环保有机溶剂，在无机材料合成中的应用引起关注。采用微波辅助法和固相研磨法在离子液体[BMIM]BF4中制备氧化铟，通过差热分析确定了微波法制备的前驱体组成为In6O10（OH）4，研究了不同制备方法对得到的氧化铟Zeta电位的影响。     

室温离子液体在材料合成中的应用

室温离子液体的物理和化学性质相对稳定,具有结构可调的特性.作为一种新功能材料广泛用于材料合成领域.根据离子液体在材料合成中的不同作用,本文从离子液体作为反应溶剂、模板剂、电解液、以及同时作为溶剂和模板剂这4个方面介绍了其在材料合成中的应用研究进展.     

咪唑类离子液体电化学窗口影响因素的研究进展

咪唑类离子液体具有较宽的、稳定的电化学窗口,引起科技工作者的研究兴趣。对咪唑类离子液体的电化学窗口进行了总结和分析。考察了咪唑类离子液体阴、阳离子结构和正离子还原极限与负离子氧化极限及电极材料分别对电化学窗口的影响,并从离子液体的结构-性质方面,分析了其相关基本规律。     

离子液体在介孔材料制备中的应用

离子液体作为一种新型绿色环保溶剂,本身独特的性质完全可以替代并超过普通的有机溶剂,因而用它来合成介孔材料引起了广大科技工作者的关注.综述了离子液体分别作为溶剂、共模版和模版表面活性剂用于制备介孔材料的最新进展,并对离子液体应用于介孔材料制备中的发展方向和研究热点进行了分析和展望.     

绿色溶剂中高效催化材料的合成及性能研究

高效催化材料研究一直是人们关注的重要研究领域。近年来,绿色与可持续化学及相关技术的发展引起了国内外普遍重视,对催化材料也提出了更高要求。充分利用超临界流体、离子液体等绿色溶剂的特性,提出了多种合成高效催化材料的绿色方法,制备了一系列催化材料,并研究了它们的性能。超临界流体具有许多特性,如类似于气体的粘度和扩散性、类似于液体的溶解能力、界面张力为零等,并且其性质可用温度和压力调节。以超临界水、超临界CO_2混合流体等为介质,充分利用超临界流体的特性,合成了一系列金属或金属氧化物/碳纳米管(CNT)复合材料。研究表明,所制备的CNT复合材料在化学催化、电化学、电子器件等领域有良好的应用前景。离子液体为高效催化材料的制备提供了新的介质。离子液体具有较强的吸收微波的能力,能以很快的速度达到较高的设定温度,因此以离子液体为介质的微波加热成为一种良好的加热方式。充分利用了离子液体的这一特性,通过微波加热在离子液体中合成了多种纳米材料。总之,超临界流体、离子液体等绿色溶剂为高效催化材料的合成提供了新的重要途径,有良好的应用前景。     

离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用

由于离子液体具有电导率高、热稳定性好、蒸气压低、不燃烧等优良性质,越来越多地应用于有机合成、分离、电化学和材料加工等领域.综述了离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用研究进展,主要包括聚合物电解质的合成应用研究、聚合物在离子液体中的溶解、以离子液体为溶剂的聚合反应以及离子液体作为聚合物的增塑剂.     

离子液体作为软光学功能材料的研究进展

离子液体由于具有蒸气压低、液程宽、热稳定性和化学稳定性好、透光率和导电率高等诸多特性,作为一种潜在的、绿色的软光学功能材料和介质,逐渐引起了科学家们的关注。综述了离子液体作为光学显示材料、光学传输材料、光学储能材料、光电材料、太阳能电池材料等方面应用的研究进展,分析和探讨了离子液体在光学领域应用存在的问题,并展望了其应用研究前景。     

离子液体及其在双电层电容器领域的新应用

离子液体作为一种新型绿色溶剂,在双电层电容器领域的应用受到极大关注。本文讨论了影响EDLC比电容的电极材料和电解液两大因素,着重对离子液体这一新兴的绿色溶剂进行探讨,并介绍了以碳纳米管为电极材料、离子液体为电解液制造EDLC的研究开发现状及发展趋势。     

烯丙基功能化离子液体的制备及其分离CO_2性能

合成了一系列烯丙基修饰的咪唑类离子液体,使用FT-IR和1 H-NMR对产物结构进行表征。在常温、常压下,对合成的离子液体进行分离CO2性能研究。结果表明,烯丙基修饰的咪唑类离子液体捕获CO2容量高、速度快,与烷基修饰咪唑类离子液体比较,CO2捕获容量提高15%~50%,捕获速度提高30%~60%。     

新型电解质材料[BMIM]ClO3离子液体的合成及其物化性能

以N-甲基咪唑为原料合成了室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯酸盐([BMIM]ClO3),用IR、NMR、DSC-TGA等手段对产物进行了表征,测定了相关物化性能,如密度、表面张力、黏度、电导率和电化学窗口等,并考察了该离子液体的溶剂性能。结果表明,该离子液体作为新型的电解质材料,具有低黏度、高电导率,密度、表面张力、黏度均随温度升高而减小,电导率随温度升高而增大,与温度符合Arrhenius方程。该离子液体与多数常规溶剂互溶,并对某些金属氧化物具有较高的溶解度,为离子液体在选矿、电解金属氧化物等方面的应用奠定了基础。     

Estimation of Density as a Function of Temperature and Pressure for Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Using a Multilayer Net with Particle Swarm Optimization

The liquid density of imidazolium-based ionic liquids has been estimated using a combined method that includes an artificial neural network and a simple group contribution method. A total of 1736 data points of density at several temperatures and pressures, corresponding to 131 ionic liquids, have been used to train the neural network developed with particle swarm optimization. To discriminate among the different substances, the molar mass and the structure of the molecule were given as input variables. Then, new values of density as a function of temperature and pressure for 33 other ionic liquids (426 data points) have been predicted and the results compared to experimental data from the literature. The results show that the chosen artificial neural network with particle swarm optimization and the group contribution method represent an excellent alternative for the estimation of the liquid density of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with acceptable accuracy (AARD=0.44; R ² = 0.9934), for a wide range of temperatures and pressures (258 K to 393K and 99kPa to 206,940kPa).     

Density-viscosity product of small-volume ionic liquid samples using quartz crystal impedance analysis

Quartz crystal impedance analysis has been developed as a technique to assess whether room-temperature ionic liquids are Newtonian fluids and as a small-volume method for determining the values of their viscosity-density product, rho eta. Changes in the impedance spectrum of a 5-MHz fundamental frequency quartz crystal induced by a water-miscible room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimiclazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate ([C4mim][OTf]), were measured. From coupled frequency shift and bandwidth changes as the concentration was varied from 0 to 100% ionic liquid, it was determined that this liquid provided a Newtonian response. A second water-immiscible ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C4mim][NTf2], with concentration varied using methanol, was tested and also found to provide a Newtonian response. In both cases, the values of the square root of the viscosity-density product deduced from the small-volume quartz crystal technique were consistent with those measured using a viscometer and density meter. The third harmonic of the crystal was found to provide the closest agreement between the two measurement methods; the pure ionic liquids had the largest difference of approximately 10%. In addition, 18 pure ionic liquids were tested, and for 11 of these, good-quality frequency shift and bandwidth data were obtained; these 12 all had a Newtonian response. The frequency shift of the third harmonic was found to vary linearly with square root of viscosity-density product of the pure ionic liquids up to a value of square root(rho eta) approximately 18 kg m(-2) s(-1/2), but with a slope 10% smaller than that predicted by the Kanazawa and Gordon equation. It is envisaged that the quartz crystal technique could be used in a high-throughput microfluidic system for characterizing ionic liquids.     

Examination of ionic liquids and their interaction with molecules, when used as stationary phases in gas chromatography.

Stable room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been used as novel reaction solvents. They can solubilize complex polar molecules such as cyclodextrins and glycopeptides. Their wetting ability and viscosity allow them to be coated onto fused silica capillaries. Thus, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and the analogous chloride salt can be used as stationary phases for gas chromatography (GC). Using inverse GC, one can examine the nature of these ionic liquids via their interactions with a variety of compounds. The Rohrschneider-McReynolds constants were determined for both ionic liquids and a popular commercial polysiloxane stationary phase. Ionic liquid stationary phases seem to have a dual nature. They appear to act as a low-polarity stationary phase to nonpolar compounds. However, molecules with strong proton donor groups, in particular, are tenaciously retained. The nature of the anion can have a significant effect on both the solubilizing ability and the selectivity of ionic liquid stationary phases. It appears that the unusual properties of ionic liquids could make them beneficial in many areas of separation science.     

A new class of magnetic fluids: bmim[FeCl/sub 4/] and nbmim[FeCl/sub 4/] ionic liquids

The responses to a magnet of two room-temperature ionic liquids containing tetrachloroferrate(III) ions, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate (bmim[FeCl/sub 4/]) and 1-butyronitrile-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate (nbmim[FeCl/sub 4/]) are compared. Although their magnetic susceptibilities are similar, the observed responses are distinct from each other, suggesting that the response is determined not only by the magnetic susceptibility but also by the other factors including density, viscosity, and surface tension. The two magnetic ionic liquids constitute a new class of magnetic fluids that hold many attractive physical properties for practical applications.     

Thermal Conductivities of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid + CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Mixtures

Experimental results for the thermal conductivities of imidazolium-based ionic liquid + CO₂ mixtures are reported. The thermal conductivities were measured with a transient short-hot-wire method. The experimental temperatures were from 294 K to 334 K, and pressures were 10.0 MPa and 20.0 MPa. The CO₂ mole fractions of the mixtures covered a range up to 0.42. It was found that the thermal conductivities of ionic liquids have a very small CO₂ mole fraction dependence.     

Ionic liquids for electrochemical energy storage devices applications

Ionic liquids, defined here as room-temperature molten salts, composed mainly of organic cations and (in)organic anions ions that may undergo almost unlimited structural variations with melting points below 100?°C. They offer a unique series of physical and chemical properties that make them extreme important candidates for several energy applications, especially for clean and sustainable energy storage and conversion materials and devices. Ionic liquids exhibit high thermal and electrochemical stability coupled with low volatility, create the possibility of designing appropriate electrolytes for different type batteries and supercapacitors. Herein, varieties of ionic liquids applications are reviewed on their utilization as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries, Na-ion batteries, Li-O₂(air) batteries, Li-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries, supercapacitors and as precursors to prepare and modify the electrode materials, meanwhile, some important research results in recent years are specially introduced, and the perspective on novel application of ionic liquids is also discussed.     

Chiral ionic liquids as stationary phases in gas chromatography

Recently, it has been found that room-temperature ionic liquids can be used as stable, unusual selectivity stationary phases. They show "dual nature" properties, in that they separate nonpolar compounds as if they are nonpolar stationary phases and separate polar compounds as if they are polar stationary phases. Extending ionic liquids to the realm of chiral separations can be done in two ways: (1) a chiral selector can be dissolved in an achiral ionic liquid, or (2) the ionic liquid itself can be chiral. There is a single precedent for the first approach, but nothing has been reported for the second approach. In this work, we present the first enantiomeric separations using chiral ionic liquid stationary phases in gas chromatography. Compounds that have been separated using these ionic liquid chiral selectors include alcohols, diols, sulfoxides, epoxides, and acetylated amines. Because of the synthetic nature of these chiral selectors, the configuration of the stereogenic center can be controlled and altered for mechanistic studies and reversing enantiomeric retention.     

Scanning electrochemical microscopy in nonusual solvents: inequality of diffusion coefficients problem

Scanning electrochemical microscopy offers interesting possibilities for investigating both transport properties in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and reactions occurring at the ionic liquid/substrate interface. Besides the expected difficulties related to the lower diffusion coefficients for species dissolved in RTILs arising from the higher viscosity of RTILs, the major problem comes from the inequality of the diffusion coefficients between the oxidized and reduced forms of the redox mediator used to probe the interfaces. This question was treated by an extension of the model originally presented by Martin and Unwin (Martin, R. D.; Unwin, P. R. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1997, 439, 123) and was adapted to the specific aspects of SECM in ionic liquids. The inequalities of diffusion coefficients lead to large anomalies in the current responses, which in extreme cases impede the recording of stationary approach curves. Conditions for recording steady-state approach curves into ionic liquids and consequences of erroneous data treatment were examined. These discrepancies with the simple models (when diffusion coefficients have been taken as equal), could be transformed in a convenient method for characterizing the transport properties of species dissolved in RTIL. The analysis is based on transient SECM experiments and determinations from nonambiguous dimensionless parameters. Experimental examples based on SECM in common RTILs, using the O2/ O2*- couple, were analyzed taking into account the presented model.     

Wide electrochemical window at the interface between water and a hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquid of tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate

Ionic liquids composed of a hydrophobic anion, tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB-), and various aromatic and aliphatic ammonium have been prepared. TFPB salts of N-octadecylisoquinolinium (C18Iq+) and trioctylmethylammonium (TOMA+) show low melting points of 31 and 36 degrees C, respectively, whereas TFPB-based ionic liquids of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium with the alkyl chain length of 5-12 show melting points lower than 90 degrees C. The [C(18)Iq][TFPB]|water (W) and [TOMA][TFPB]|W interfaces have the polarized potential window (ppw) of 0.8 V at 56 degrees C, which is twice as wide as the ppw at the interface between W and room-temperature ionic liquids of bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide so far reported. The extension of the ppw by more than 0.4 V to the positive direction enables voltammetric measurements of the ion transfer of relatively hydrophobic anions such as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide and of hydrophilic cations such as tetraethylammonium and acetylcholine ions.     

Electric-Field-Controlled Antiferromagnetic Spintronic Devices

In recent years, the field of antiferromagnetic spintronics has been substantially advanced. Electric-field control is a promising approach for achieving ultralow power spintronic devices via suppressing Joule heating. Here, cutting-edge research, including electric-field modulation of antiferromagnetic spintronic devices using strain, ionic liquids, dielectric materials, and electrochemical ionic migration, is comprehensively reviewed. Various emergent topics such as the Néel spin–orbit torque, chiral spintronics, topological antiferromagnetic spintronics, anisotropic magnetoresistance, memory devices, 2D magnetism, and magneto-ionic modulation with respect to antiferromagnets are examined. In conclusion, the possibility of realizing high-quality room-temperature antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions, antiferromagnetic spin logic devices, and artificial antiferromagnetic neurons is highlighted. It is expected that this work provides an appropriate and forward-looking perspective that will promote the rapid development of this field.