发展有机农业是我国农业生态文明建设的重要途径

党的"十八大"报告中指出,"我们一定要更加自觉地珍爱自然,更加积极地保护生态,努力走向社会主义生态文明新时代。"以及"把生态文明建设放在突出地位,融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程,努力建设美丽中国,实现中华民族永续发展。"发展有机农业,是推进生态文明建设的重要抓手,是实现人与自然、农业经济与生态环境协调可持续发展的重要途径。     

闽北山区农业生态保护和绿色农业建设现状与防治对策

本文阐述了南平市农业生态保护和绿色农业建设的现状,针对存在的问题,提出了发展生态农业的对策措施。     

林业生态背景下林业生产可持续发展策略探析

自十七大首次提出了生态文明建设之后,十八大又进一步提出建设美丽中国,建设环境友好型社会,推进可持续发展。在这样的背景下林业的可持续发展越来越受到人们的关注,林业生态建设不仅是生态文明建设的关键,也制约着经济的发展。本文将探析在林业生态背景下如何进行林业生产的可持续发展。     

基于生态文明的农业现代化发展策略研究

我国农业现代化建设面临着农业资源短缺、环境约束加剧、农业产业结构升级和农村劳动力老龄化趋势严重等问题。基于"绿色、循环、低碳"的发展理念,阐述生态文明型的农业发展方式,探讨生态文明型农业现代化建设的主要模式,通过转变农业生产方式、优化农业空间布局、调整农业产业结构、改变农村生活方式等,走产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好的农业现代化发展道路。     

藏北高原草地生态治理与畜牧业协同发展模式研究

藏北高原是我国重要的生态安全屏障和高原特色畜牧业基地,而高寒草地退化严重制约着其生态和生产功能,给生态保护和畜牧业发展带来了挑战。本文在深入分析藏北高原生态治理与畜牧业发展状况的基础上,探讨了藏北高寒草地生态与生产功能的主要影响因素,提出了藏北高原草地生态治理与畜牧业协同发展的模式体系。研究表明,通过草地生态恢复、优化放牧管理方式、人工牧草种植、低海拔农区种草高海拔牧区养畜的"低草高牧"模式、冬季半舍饲养殖等一系列措施,能够推进高寒草地生态功能提升、促进草地畜牧业转型升级,实现"保护中发展"与"发展中保护"。相关研究将为治边稳藏、保障国家生态安全、增加牧民收入提供战略引导和科技支撑。     

浅谈西江流域生态文明建设现状及不足——以邕江至柳江河段为例

中国的不断发展,国民经济百分点般的飞跃,全世界仿佛都在经济危机的浪潮中发展着,翻涌着,生存着。由于我国处于社会主义的初级阶段,粗放型的劳动密集型的经济,必然导致资源的浪费,更容易导致河水的污染,生态文明的破坏。由于可持续发展的需要,十八大把生态文明建设放在事关全面建设小康社会更加突出的战略地位,提出了建设美丽中国的新目标、新概念。西江流域是一条重要的河流,正致力于打造西江黄金水道,经济的发展,水的生态文明的建设显得更加重要。我们要怎样建设,建设的怎样,未来应该怎样更好地保护生态文明是个刻不容缓的问题,本文将一南宁邕江至柳州柳江河段为例,浅析此流域生态文明建设中的问题并提出解决对策。     

基于熵值和变异系数组合赋权法的生态文明评价体系构建及实证分析

本文构建了包括绿色发展、环境治理和生态保护3方面的生态文明评价指标体系。基于美国、日本、英国、德国以及中国1990-2015年的数据,通过利用熵权法与变异系数组合赋权,从国际比较视角对生态文明建设水平进行了动态分析。研究表明,各国生态文明建设水平总体上呈现稳步上升态势,中国生态文明建设水平与发达国家还存在一定的差距。中国在绿色发展方面表现相对优异,而在环境治理和生态保护方面处于落后状态,导致我国整体生态文明水平较低。最后,从落实生态文明建设部署、完善生态文明体制机制、建立生态文明监管体系、加强国际合作等方面提出中国进一步提升生态文明建设的措施。     

我国生态保护和建设若干战略问题研究

为探索在生态文明建设理念指导下,如何总体上把握生态保护和建设的发展战略,采取多学科、宽领域、全方位、深层次、开放式的战略研究方法进行了深入研究分析,提出了我国生态保护和建设的基本思路、基本原则、战略目标、战略布局、主要任务、战略重点以及政策建议,以期对我国生态保护和建设起到推动作用。     

生态建设是否是杞人忧天?

乡村曾被认定为“世外桃源”的主要原因便是它得天独厚的自然环境,但随着工业的发展,很多乡村都受到了不同程度的污染,有一些还成为了“癌症村”.所以,在乡村建设中强调生态保护并非空穴来风.《美丽乡村建设指南》中,共有4类,34小项指标与生态环境有关,其中包括工业、农业、生活污染防治,村容整治,生态保护与防治等.     

我国生态保护和建设概念地位辨析与基本形势判断

为明确生态保护和建设的概念及其在生态文明建设中的地位,理清我国生态保护和建设的现状,为新时期生态保护和建设发展战略的确定奠定基础,本文采用文献分析、实地专题调研、专家座谈咨询相结合的方法,对生态保护和建设的基本概念、战略地位、基本形势等进行了深入研究。研究结果表明,生态保护和建设是生态文明建设的三大主题之一,在生态文明建设中乃至对于人类的生存与发展都具有基础性和根本性地位,我国生态保护和建设的基本形势可以概括为"成就明显,局部改善;基础薄弱,形势严峻"。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.