工字梁型蜂窝芯材共面冲击性能的有限元模拟

目的研究双壁厚工字梁型金属蜂窝芯材的共面冲击性能。方法借助有限元软件Ansys/LSDYNA,建立工字梁型蜂窝芯材的有限元模型,并进行CAE分析。结果在不同冲击速度下,工字梁型蜂窝芯材表现出不同的变形模式。当工字梁型金属蜂窝芯材的其他结构参数固定时,其共面动态峰应力与冲击速度的平方成线性关系;当冲击速度一定时,其共面动态峰应力与壁厚边长比成幂指数关系。同时,拟合得到了工字梁型金属蜂窝芯材共面动态峰应力关于壁厚边长比和冲击速度的经验计算公式。结论工字梁型蜂窝具有优良的结构和吸能能力,研究工字梁型蜂窝的冲击性能具有重要的科学研究和工程应用价值。     

斜方形蜂窝共面冲击力学行为

目的在不同速度的共面冲击载荷条件下,获取不同壁厚边长比的斜方形蜂窝芯材的动态性能力学参数。方法建立有限元分析模型以及简化的能量吸收模型,以评估斜方形蜂窝芯材共面方向上的力学性能。结果在冲击速度从低到高逐渐增大的过程中,局部坍塌、"V"字形过渡和"一"字形坍塌等变形模式先后出现,对其进行了详细的描述和展示。结论在不同壁厚边长比下,当其余结构参数固定时,动态峰应力与冲击速度的平方成线性关系;在不同冲击速度下,其余参数固定时,动态峰应力与壁厚边长比成幂指数关系。通过对数值结果的物理分析和讨论,提出了关于冲击速度与动态峰应力的关系的经验公式。     

六边形蜂窝芯材异面冲击性能的有限元研究

建立了六边形蜂窝单元阵列的有限元模型,利用有限元分析软件分析研究了六边形金属蜂窝的异面冲击性能。当六边形蜂窝铝芯的各结构参数固定时,在不同的冲击速度下,研究了壁厚边长比对其异面冲击动态峰应力的影响规律。根据有限元模拟计算结果,给出了所用六边形蜂窝铝芯样品异面动态峰应力的计算公式。     

正方形蜂窝芯材共面冲击力学性能

目的研究正方形蜂窝芯材在共面冲击载荷作用下的力学行为。方法借助于有限元软件ANSYS/LSDYNA,建立了相应基于单元阵列的有限元模拟和分析方法。结果随着冲击速度的增加,正方形蜂窝表现为不同的变形模式,其冲击响应的力-位移曲线包含了具有明显不同特征的4个阶段,对于给定结构参数的正方形蜂窝样品,在不同冲击速度下会呈现出不同的变形模式。计算出了不同冲击速度下不同壁厚边长比的正方形蜂窝芯材的动态峰应力。结论正方形蜂窝芯材的动态峰应力,是其静态峰应力和因惯量引起的峰应力增量之和;静态峰应力与正方形蜂窝芯材的相对密度成正比,峰应力增量与冲击速度的平方成正比,而相对密度又取决于壁厚边长比。最后拟合得到了动态峰应力关于壁厚边长比和冲击速度的经验公式。     

双壁厚蜂窝铝芯的共面冲击力学性能

参考文献[1],加入孔壁的剪切和伸缩变形精确推导了双壁厚蜂窝铝芯的共面弹性模量公式,并给出了其静态峰应力、密实化应变和单位体积密实化应变能的计算公式.建立了双壁厚蜂窝铝芯7×7的单元阵列有限元分析模型,分析了冲击速度在3～252 m/s时双壁厚蜂窝铝芯的冲击性能.随着冲击速度的增加,双壁厚蜂窝铝芯在x1和x2方向上先后表现出三种变形模式,变形模式的转换速度与(t/l)1/2成线性关系.双壁厚蜂窝铝芯的弹性模量与冲击速度成二次曲线关系,峰应力和单位体积密实化应变能与冲击速度的平方成线性关系,它们的相关拟合系数与t/l成二次曲线关系.根据壁厚在0.05～0.3 mm间的模拟结果,给出了描述以上关系的经验公式.     

圆形金属蜂窝芯材冲击性能的有限元分析

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件,对12×8圆形金属蜂窝芯材的共面冲击过程进行模拟,得出了圆形金属蜂窝芯材不同冲击速度下的多种变形模式及其动态峰应力的值.从结果可以看出:在共面冲击下,其动态峰应力和冲击速度之间是二次线性关系.这与试验的结果是相一致的.     

基材属性对铝蜂窝共面力学性能的影响

目的研究不同属性的基体材料对铝蜂窝共面压缩力学性能的影响。方法在保持正六边形蜂窝结构参数不变的情况下,改变基材属性,基体材料模型分别选择不同应变强化参数的双线性各向同性强化模型和理想弹塑性模型,建立相关可靠的有限元模型并进行大量的模拟计算。获得相应的变形模式和应力-应变曲线,对曲线进一步处理得到蜂窝共面静动态峰应力,并将结果以图表形式展示并分析。结果随着冲击速度的增加,样品依次出现了"X","V","一"字型3种变形模式,基体材料的应变强化效应使变形趋于均匀化;基体材料的应变强化效应显著增加了蜂窝的静态峰应力,对动态峰应力增量的影响可以忽略,对计算数据处理后得到了应变强化参数与动态峰应力的计算公式。结论基材具有强化特性的蜂窝,其共面静态力学性能优于基材为弹性理想塑性材料模型的蜂窝;在利用数值模拟的方法来研究蜂窝结构共面静态力学行为时,需要考虑基体材料的强化效应。     

圆形蜂窝共面冲击力学性能

目的基于有限元模拟的方法,比较研究规则和交错排列的圆形蜂窝共面动态冲击力学性能。方法利用Ansys/LS-DYNA建立2种蜂窝的共面冲击分析有限元模型。结果借助于该模拟方法,分析得到在结构参数一致,冲击速度不同的情况下,规则排列的圆形蜂窝变形模式呈现3个阶段,即"X","V"和"一"字形,交错圆形蜂窝变形模式几乎相同,呈"一"字形。得出了2种排列方式的圆形蜂窝的变形模式转换速度与壁厚半径比的关系。根据有限元模拟结果,推导出了动态峰应力关于结构参数和冲击速度的经验公式。结论用有限元模拟的方法得到了2种排列方式的圆形蜂窝的共面冲击力学性能,为圆形蜂窝芯材的优化设计提供了参考依据。     

三角形蜂窝异面动态压缩仿真研究

目的研究三角形蜂窝材料结构参数和压缩速度对其异面压缩性能的影响。方法借助Ansys/LS-DYNA建立基于特征单元的三角形蜂窝异面动态压缩有限元分析模型,而后对三角形蜂窝在不同单元结构参数和压缩速度下进行异面压缩参数化仿真计算。结果对于三角形蜂窝,当所有结构参数保持不变时,异面动态峰应力与压缩速度呈二次曲线关系。在给定压缩速度下,扩展角固定的三角形蜂窝的异面动态峰应力与壁厚度边长比呈幂函数关系;壁厚边长比固定的三角形蜂窝的异面动态峰应力与拓展角呈二次曲线关系。结论当相对密度一致时,正三角形蜂窝比正六边形蜂窝异面比吸能值更大;异面动态峰应力与压缩速度、单元结构参数之间的相互关系,可用一定关系曲线进行拟合。     

多层规则排列圆形铝蜂窝共面缓冲优化

目的在不同速度的共面冲击载荷条件下,实现多层规则排列圆形铝蜂窝缓冲性能的优化。方法建立有限元分析模型以得到缓冲力学参数,并通过简化的能量吸收模型来评估其缓冲性能。结果多层规则排列圆形铝蜂窝缓冲性能与动态峰应力和动态密实化应变有关,是由冲击速度、变形模式和相关结构参数共同决定的。结论通过数值结果分析,得到模型变形的临界速度、动态密实化应变和动态峰应力的经验公式,并详细地介绍了可行的缓冲优化方法。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.