压力容器O形金属密封环的回弹行为研究

通过弹塑性有限元接触分析和循环压扁试验,对60Si2Mn、304不锈钢和TA16材料O形密封环管材在室温条件下的回弹行为进行了研究。结果表明:TA16合金O形管状试样回弹量H与60Si2Mn钢回弹量较为接近,且为304不锈钢回弹量的2～3倍;提出了用于O形环回弹量预测的回弹模型,该模型对这3种金属材料O形管状试样的预测结果和实验结果具有很好的一致性。     

Spherical-cymbal换能器端帽自由胀形回弹预测与控制

为更经济地制造出质量更高的Spherical-cymbal换能器端帽,在其成形中用自由液压胀形工艺取代传统的冲压工艺,并对其自由胀形中的回弹问题进行了重点研究。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对端帽的自由胀形回弹量进行了预测,并根据约束条件及有限元模拟结果提出了回弹控制措施。实验结果验证了采用有限元数值模拟进行Spherical-cymbal换能器端帽自由胀形回弹预测与控制的可行性。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti 不锈钢管滞后回弹的黏弹塑性建模和有限元模拟

目的研究1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管在单轴拉伸和回转牵引弯曲卸载后的滞后回弹现象,利用有限元软件进行滞后回弹结果的预测。方法通过系列单轴拉伸和应力松弛试验得到1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管黏弹塑性材料参数,采用双耗散黏弹塑性材料模型在有限元ABAQUS软件进行拉伸和回转弯曲卸载后滞后回弹的模拟预测,并与试验结果对比。结果利用该黏弹塑性材料模型预测得到的滞后回弹变化趋势与试验值吻合较好,数值上接近试验值。结论基于双耗散黏弹塑性材料模型进行滞后回弹的建模,在瞬时回弹后,弹塑性组合单元和黏弹性组合单元中存在相反的残余应力,从而驱动材料持续发生黏弹性变形,可能是产生滞后回弹的原因。有限元分析中考虑了加载过程中的黏性响应,其预测结果更加接近实际。     

铝型材构件多点变曲率拉弯制件回弹研究

目的 研究不同预拉伸量和补拉伸量对矩形变曲率构件回弹的影响,以提高柔性三维拉弯成形精度。方法 用有限元模拟了矩形变曲率铝型材三维拉弯成形过程,并用试验验证了有限元模拟的精度,设计了5组不同的预拉伸量参数和补拉伸量进行三维拉弯成形有限元模拟。结果 大曲率和小曲率段试验和有限元模拟的回弹误差小于2 mm,表明有限元模拟分析可以很好地对矩形变曲率构件进行模拟。得出的数据表明预拉伸量对于小曲率弧段回弹的影响比对大曲率弧段的影响更大,当预拉伸量增长到1.0%以后,回弹的下降幅度不再明显;随着补拉伸量的增大,变曲率拉弯制件两段的回弹均得到较好的抑制,当补拉伸量为1.4%时,制件靠近夹钳端出现了缩颈缺陷,产生了较大的质量缺陷。结论 研究证明适量增加预拉量和补拉量能有效减小柔性三维拉弯成形回弹。     

高强钢板热冲压成形热力耦合数值模拟

为研究高强钢板的热冲压成形性,采用ABAQUS软件对高温下22MnB5高强钢板沟槽形件冲压成形进行了数值模拟研究.建立了基于热力耦合的弹塑性有限元模型和热成形下的材料模型,通过对沟槽形件热成形进行数值模拟,考察了压边力、模具间隙和凹模圆角半径等工艺参数对热成形时温度分布和回弹的影响,给出了热成形中产生回弹的机理,确定了合适的工艺参数,通过热成形试验验证了数值结果的可靠性.     

超高强度硼钢板热弯曲数值模拟

为研究热自由弯曲和热接触弯曲方法的淬火效果和成形精度,应用ABAQUS软件,对超高强度硼钢板U形件的热弯曲过程进行了数值模拟研究.研究表明:热接触弯曲改善了热弯曲零件底部的淬火效果,且热接触弯曲可获得比热自由弯曲更好的成形精度;不同压边力下热接触弯曲回弹均随着压边力的增加而逐渐减小;数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的可靠性.     

汽车转向节臂端部冷精整工艺优化

目的 得到单向压缩冷精整的精整量与预变形孔半径和深度之间的变化规律,以及摩擦因数大小同回弹量之间的关系。方法 对转向节臂端部锻件上下表面进行预变形凹槽孔处理,并建立锻件单向压缩冷精整的弹塑性有限元模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件进行数值模拟仿真,分析摩擦因数对表面质量的影响,得到优化后的工艺参数,并进行实验验证模拟结果的准确性。结果 摩擦因数越大,冷精整后的转向节臂端部锻件的鼓形越明显。在精整量为1 mm的情况下,当预变形凹槽孔的半径为4 mm、深度为0.3 mm、单向压缩量为1.1 mm、摩擦因数为0.2时,能够得到最好的表面质量。结论 当摩擦因数相同时,预变形凹槽孔的半径越大,径向位移越小,而回弹量基本保持不变。     

空气垫静态缓冲性能的数值模拟

目的采用有限元数值模拟方法研究空气垫在静态压缩时的力学性能,以便更直观、系统地了解空气垫的静态压缩力学行为。方法以柱状空气垫为对象,建立空气垫的静态压缩物理模型和力学模型,并基于该有限元模型模拟该结构的静态压缩过程,分析结构尺寸和充气压力对其静态缓冲性能的影响,得到空气垫在不同压缩量下的应力分布规律和变形特点。同时,将试验结果与模拟结果进行对比。结果空气垫的变形是从接触钢板的地方开始的,上下位置同时被压缩,有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合良好。结论所建立的有限元模型和数值模拟方法结果准确、合理。     

天然气管道管弯曲试验代替压扁试验可行性研究

天然气管道管检验项目中压扁和弯曲试验的选用因各标准体系间的差异存在一定分歧,所以依据压扁和弯曲的试验方法,利用ANSYS有限元模拟软件对钢管的压扁和弯曲试验分别进行模拟,实现对压扁和弯曲试验整个过程的直观分析。通过对比压扁和弯曲试样变形部位残余应力场的分布和变化,分析认为弯曲试验的塑性变形程度大于压扁试验,使钢管更难通过弯曲试验。所以,弯曲试验可以代替压扁试验用以评价钢管塑性变形的能力。最后比较模拟结果与实测试验结果,取得较好的一致性。     

机翼前缘蒙皮橡皮成形回弹数值模拟分析

基于有限元数值模拟的工艺分析方法能提高橡皮成形工艺的零件质量,其中回弹预测的精度是橡皮成形数值模拟的关键。文章以有限元软件ANSYS为平台,针对飞机前缘蒙皮铝合金板2B06-T3,建立成形与回弹过程的数值模型,研究影响数值模拟回弹预测精度的关键因素,如单元积分类型、网格尺寸、接触与摩擦。提高数值模拟成形精度,需要精确控制模拟过程的关键环节,力求在每个环节减小误差累积。该文对实际生产具有指导意义。     

火灾后型钢混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

该文进行了8个大比例型钢混凝土柱试件温度场和火灾后抗震性能试验,研究了升降温作用下柱试件的温度场分布规律以及火灾后受低周反复荷载时破坏规律。同时,考虑受火时间、轴压比、栓钉、含钢率等参数的影响,对火灾后型钢混凝土柱试件的典型破坏形态、滞回曲线的形状、加卸载刚度、承载能力等特性进行了系统的试验研究。研究表明:火灾升降温作用下,试件内部升温呈现出较大滞后性;火灾后柱试件出现了塑性铰区的破坏,受火时间越长,塑性铰长度越长;滞回环总体上呈梭形,耗能能力较好,滞回环有轻微的捏拢效应;随受火时间增加,试件承载能力降低;随轴压比增加,承载能力增加,延性降低;栓钉对试件承载能力影响不大。     

型钢混凝土L形柱空间角节点抗震性能分析

为研究型钢混凝土L形柱空间角节点的抗震性能,对8个节点试件进行低周反复荷载试验和有限元模拟,二者结果吻合较好。基于此考虑了柱配钢形式、轴压比和加载角度3个变化参数,通过ABAQUS非线性有限元模拟,分析了变化参数对其峰值荷载、耗能和延性的影响规律,并提出可供工程设计参考的建议。研究结果表明,型钢混凝土L形柱空间角节点破坏形态以剪切斜压和弯曲破坏为主,扭转伴随黏结破坏为辅;实腹配钢试件综合抗震性能最好,其峰值荷载较空腹配钢试件提高了10%;随轴压比的增加,不同配钢形式试件的位移延性下降程度不同,实腹配钢试件下降缓慢,建议轴压比限值设计值为0.5;45°加载角度以内,随着加载角度的增加,峰值荷载增加,耗能和延性逐渐降低,45°加载试件与0°平面节点相比,峰值荷载提高了约30%,延性系数降低约10%,最不利加载方向为0°加载。     

Effect of extrusion ratio on mechanical and corrosion properties of AZ31B alloys prepared by a solid recycling process

Some AZ31B magnesium alloy bars were prepared by a solid recycling process with different extrusion ratios. A reference specimen was processed by extruding an as-received AZ31 ingot. The microstructures, mechanical and corrosion properties of AZ31B magnesium recycled specimens were investigated. With increasing extrusion ratio, the yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio increases. The reliability of the recycled alloy is poorer than the reference specimen. The corrosion rates of recycled AZ31B magnesium specimens increase immersed in both alkaline and neutral 4% NaCl solution with a decrease extrusion ratio. The corrosion resistance of recycled AZ31B magnesium specimens is improved with increasing pH of immersed solution. The recycled specimens show superior corrosion resistance than reference specimen.     

Study on energy properties and failure behaviors of heat-treated granite under static and dynamic compression

Abstract

The material testing machine and the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) were adopted, respectively, to conduct the static and dynamic compression tests on granite specimens heat treated by different temperatures. The effects of strain rate and heat-treatment temperature on the mechanism of energy evolution of the specimen during deformation and failure process were studied. The results show a significant strain rate effect on the granite, with the energy dissipation density increasing with increasing impact velocity (or strain rate), regardless of the treatment temperature. The specimens heat treated at 300?°C and 700?°C have the minimum and maximum energy dissipation densities, respectively. The specimen in the SHPB tests easily broke into pieces or even powder; while under static compression, only macroscopic fracture surfaces and spalling phenomenon on the specimen were detected. The energy dissipation density is inversely proportional to the compressive strength of the specimen. The rate of energy dissipation change is defined, which can be used to identify the stages in the deformation process of rock and to determine the position of the failure point in the stress-strain curve. For both the dynamic and static compression tests, the value of energy utilization ratio is relatively low, with a maximum value of about 35%.     

Determination of inelastic heat fraction of OFHC copper through dynamic compression

An approach to determine the inelastic heat fraction (IHF) value of metal by high-speed compression is established by combining dynamic deformation, infrared (IR) photography and finite element simulation. OFHC copper specimens are dynamically compressed and infrared thermographs captured at a rate of 1000 images/s. FEM simulation of the deformation is undertaken and the initial IHF value input adjusted until the computed average surface temperature matches the experimental data. It is found that for the IHF value identified, the predicted surface temperature distribution also exhibits good correlation with experimental results. For final strains in the range of 44–60%, a consistent IHF value of 0.68 is obtained. Using this value, the surface temperature of a sample deformed to a different final strain and at a different strain rate is predicted by FEM simulation and the numerical results show good agreement with test data in terms of average surface temperature and surface temperature distribution. The temperature field for the entire specimen is also predicted. Results indicate that high-speed compression at a strain rate of 1000/s to a final engineering strain of 70% may result in initiation of dynamic recovery in OFHC copper.     

Effect of selective laser melting on microstructure and properties of AZ91D alloy

Selective laser melting technology is used to manufacture porous and solid AZ91D alloys. The effects of laser power and hatch spacing on the density, blowholes, microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D alloy are studied. The laser power and hatch spacing play a significant role in the density and blowholes of AZ91D specimens. The grains size of specimens increases from 1 μm–2 μm to 8 μm–10 μm from the bottom to the top in single molten pool. Compared with grain size of die‐casting alloy (30 μm), that of selective laser melted gets refinement. There is no significant change in microstructure in the bottom, middle and top of specimens. The micro‐hardness of AZ91D alloy, reaching up to 115.3 HV 0.1, is superior to that of die‐casting alloy (56 HV 0.1). The compression properties of porous and solid specimens reach the degree of die‐casting solid magnesium alloy. AZ91D alloy shows the potential in the application of medical biodegradable materials.     

Effect of grain size on high-cycle fatigue properties in alpha-type titanium alloy at cryogenic temperatures

High-cycle fatigue properties were investigated at 4, 77 and 293 K in Ti-5%Al-2.5%Sn ELI alloy which was used for liquid hydrogen turbo-pumps of Japanese-built launch vehicles. Mean grain size of specimens was controlled to be about 30 or 80 μm. In the specimens with a grain size of 30 μm, fatigue strengths at 10⁶ cycles at 4 and 77 K are 1.6 and 1.5 times higher than that at 293 K, respectively. On the other hand, in the specimen with a grain size of 80 μm, fatigue strengths at 10⁶ cycles at 4 and 77 K get lower to the same level as that at 293 K. Thus, it is concluded that refinement of α grains is one of important factors to obtain the good high-cycle fatigue properties for Ti-5%Al-2.5%Sn ELI alloy at cryogenic temperature.     

Investigation of Springback of Metallic Sheets at Small Strains

Abstract:  The bending process of an aluminium alloy and a high‐strength steel is analysed using the cylindrical bending test of 1 (Proceedings of the 5th International conference and workshop on numerical simulation of 3D sheet forming processes, 2002 , Jeju Island, South Korea). Despite its simplicity, it is now well known that this test is difficult to reproduce numerically. Indeed, it involves small plastic strains but large springback and exhibits complex contact boundary conditions providing severe benchmark characteristics. In order to obtain reliable results to be used for the validation of finite element models or simulations, particular attention has been paid to the fine measurement of several experimental parameters using a high‐resolution video camera. Several geometrical and contact parameters, as well as the springback angle, are determined. The springback results are compared with analytical results obtained using a classical bending model. It is shown that the agreement is good if the work‐hardening is identified within a small strain range, corresponding to the one covered during the test, as it mainly involves small deformations, pure bending and a weak anticlastic effect. Moreover, the decrease in the apparent modulus as a function of plastic strain leads to a more accurate measurement of the variation in the springback angle.     

Cu-Ni-Si合金冷变形及动态再结晶行为研究

研究了时效温度和时效时间对不同冷变形条件下Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si合金性能的影响。在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si合金在高温压缩变形中的流变应力行为进行了研究。结果表明,合金经900℃固溶,当变形量为40%,时效温度达到450℃时,其显微硬度达到201HV,导电率达到34%IACS。随变形温度升高,合金的流变应力下降,随应变速率提高,流变应力增大。在应变温度为700、800℃时,合金热压缩变形流变应力出现了明显的峰值应力,表现为连续动态再结晶特征。从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,得出了该合金高温热压缩变形时的变形激活能Q。