湿法合成LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2及其性能表征

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2是极为看好的下一代锂离子电池正极材料,以湿法合成可得到成分均匀、颗粒尺寸一致的材料,有效提高电池性能,所以采用共沉法与微粒溶胶凝胶法(PSG)合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2。共沉法先形成-β(Ni,Co)(OH2),然后与计量比的锂混匀,煅烧获得材料。PSG法在制得凝胶的同时发生酯化反应,将当中的镍与钴还原为金属,锂则以碳酸锂形态存在;随后煅烧得到LiNi0.8Co0.2O2。两种方法所得材料进行红外光谱、X射线衍射及XRD精修结构分析、电化学阻抗谱、循环性能等检测。其中X射线衍射鉴定出这两种方法合成物相结晶都良好,XRD精修结构分析、电化学阻抗谱、循环性能测试都表明PSG结构比较优良。     

表面包覆法合成的LiN0.8Co0.2O2材料的结构表征

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2是锂离子电池界公认的最有希望取代商业化正极材料LiCoO2的新型正极材料之一.本文所研究的复合正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2是由细小的晶粒构成的球形颗粒,单一相,属于R3m空间群.对复合材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的Co-K和Ni-K的XANES分析可知,在600～850℃范围温度对于钴元素的影响不明显,而对于镍元素的影响比较显著,随着Ni-K边位置向高能量移动LiNi0.8Co0.2O2正极材料的放电容量升高.复合材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2和LiNiO2的Ni-K边XANES相似,表明少量钴的引入对晶体结构的改变不是太多,但是峰的强度较高和峰的位置向高能量移动,表明钴Co对Ni的局域结构进行了调制.     

高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8CO0.2O2的合成与表征

利用低共熔混合物LiNO3-LiOH为锂盐,与高密度前驱体Ni0.8CO0.2(OH)2混合烧结制备出了高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2.探讨了合成温度、合成时间等因素对产品的影响.X射线衍射分析表明合成的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2具有规整的层状NaFeO2结构,充放电测试表明在3.0～4.3V的电压范围内,首次放电比容量可达168mAh/g,充放电效率为95%.结果表明采用该工艺可以制备出电化学性能良好的高密度LiNi0.8Co0.2O2正极材料.     

氢氧化物共沉淀法合成LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2及其性能研究

以氢氧化物共沉淀法合成了Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4(OH)2前驱体,然后以Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4(OH)2和LiOH为原料,合成出了层状结构的锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2.通过XRD、SEM和电化学测试对LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行了测试和表征.结果表明,800℃烧结12h合成的样品粒度大小分布比较均匀,以0.2C充放电,其首次放电容量为148mAh·g-1,循环30次后容量为136mAh·g-1.     

草酸盐共沉淀法合成LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2及电化学性能

采用草酸盐共沉淀法合成前驱体,然后经过氧化气氛高温焙烧制备了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和恒电流充放电技术研究了pH值、焙烧温度、焙烧时间和锂用量对材料结构、微观形貌及电化学性能的影响.草酸盐共沉淀-氧化焙烧合成LiNi0.8 Co0.1Mn0.1O2的工艺条件为:pH值为5.5,焙烧温度为800℃,焙烧时间为12h,Li/M摩尔比为1.05.所制备的LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2在0.5C倍率下的首次充放电比容量达到174.5mAh·g-1,循环20周容量保持率为88.5％.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的制备与表征

以乙酸锂、硝酸镍、硝酸钴和乙酸锰为原料,通过高温固相法,分别采用一次烧结和二次烧结合成了LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析以及电化学测试等手段对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的微观结构、表面形貌和电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,高温固相法能得到结晶良好的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,但二次烧结提高了材料的I(003)/I(104)值,降低了c/a值,得到的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2具有更完善的层状结构和更优良的电化学性能。     

熔融盐法合成高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Ti_(0.05)O_2

利用低共熔组成的0.38LiOH-0.62 LiNO3混合锂盐体系,与高密度前驱体掺杂Co的Ni(OH)2、TiO2粉末在低温下自混合,无需前期研磨和后续洗涤,直接制备出振实密度达3.17g/cm2的高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2.X射线衍射分析表明合成的LiNi0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2具有规整的层状α-NaFeO2结构.扫描电镜显示产物颗粒均匀,电性能测试表明,在0.2C放电倍率和3.0～4.3V的电压范围内,LiNi0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2良好首次放电比容量达169mAh/g,且具有良好的循环性能.     

多元掺杂氧化物LiNi0.8 Co0.18 Al0.02 O2正极材料的合成和电化学性能

用液相共沉淀方法得到了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.18Al0.02 O2.样品的XRD、SEM及电化学性能测试表明:合成的LiNi0.8 Co0.18Al0.02 O2材料结晶良好,具有α-NaFeO2层状结构;晶体表面形貌清晰,粒径大小适中;与LiNiO2相比,材料的循环稳定性得到了较大的改善,充放电30次后循环效率为95.3%.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的合成及性能

采用氢氧化物共沉淀法合成了LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2前驱体,然后以Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2和LiOH·H2O为原料,合成出了层状锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2.通过XRD、SEM和电化学测试对LiNi1/3-Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行了测试和表征.结果表明,800℃烧结12h所合成的样品粒度大小分布比较均匀,该材料以0.2C充放电,其首次放电容量为150mAh·g-1,循环30次后容量为137mAh·g-1.     

高密度锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2合成的研究

以二次干燥化学共沉淀法制得高密度前驱体Ni0.8Co0.2(OH)2,再与LiNO3混合经两个恒温阶段烧结(600℃恒温6h、800℃恒温24h)得到高密度LiNi0.8Co0.2O2.探讨了锂源、镍源、合成温度、合成时间等因素对产品的影响,从而优化了LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的合成工艺.所得非球形LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 粉末振实密度高达3.24g/cm3,大幅度地提高正极材料的体积比能量.X射线衍射分析表明合成的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2具有规整的层状NaFeO2结构,预示着材料具有良好的电化学性能.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.