THF改性反胶团微乳液法制备纳米TiO2多孔薄膜的性能

四氢呋喃(THF)改性反胶团微乳液法可制备出粒径小而均匀并呈球形的纳米非晶态TiO2多孔薄膜.将所制备的非晶态TiO2薄膜应用于染料敏化太阳能(DSC)电池,并与P25纳米晶粉体制备的晶态TiO2薄膜及其DSC性能进行对比.结果显示,虽然非晶态TiO2多孔薄膜的染料吸附量明显低于P25纳米晶薄膜,但由于微观结构和制备方法的不同,所组装的DSC光电转换效率达到4.68%,与P25纳米晶薄膜的光电转换效率相当.研究结果表明,由于相比P25纳米晶TiO2薄膜,非晶态TiO2多孔薄膜制备工艺简单,用于DSC具有明显优势.     

化学镀Ni-W-P纳米晶镀层工艺的研究

化学镀镍基二元、三元非晶态合金镀层的性能近年来得到了广泛和深入的研究,本文拟在此基础上,开发出化学镀Ni-W-P三元合金纳米晶镀层工艺.试验通过控制镀液的一些关键工艺参数,如镀液中配位体的种类和含量、镍次比和pH值等,来获得两种不同晶粒尺寸的Ni-W-P纳米晶层.并从镀液组成、镀层的X射线图谱和SEM图对两种不同晶粒尺寸的纳米晶镀层进行了对比分析,同时还辅以Ni-W-P非晶态镀层做比较,找出两种不同晶粒尺寸的Ni-W-P纳米晶镀层之间以及Ni-W-P纳米晶镀层与非晶态镀层之间在镀液组成、镀层结构和表面形貌上的差别.本试验获得Ni-W-P纳米晶镀层的工艺可靠、稳定,且镀速较高,镀液无自分解现象.     

激波作用非晶态合金FeCuNbSiB的物理冶金效应研究

本工作介绍了非晶态合金FeCuNbSiB在激波冲击作用下转变成具有纳米尺寸的多晶相材料这一新的物理冶金应,并用XRD,TEM,DSC技术对实验结果进行了研究.结果表明,尽管激波晶化时间极短,却具有极高的转变速率,晶化时间仅为退火晶化时间的10-6～10-9,晶化度却接近100%.和退火晶化相比,这些结果很难用传统的固态扩散相变理论解释.激波纳米晶化这种新的物理冶金效应可能进一步改进和完善传统的晶化理论.     

Ti6Al4V基体及其改性试样的冲击磨损行为分析

在Ti6Al4V合金基表面制备了N+注入与氮化层、TiN膜及DLC膜,进行小载荷反复冲击,分析不同冲击周次下磨痕形貌及磨坑深度,比较磨损性能。结果表明疲劳磨损是反复冲击条件下实验试样的共同失效机制,主要表现为疲劳剥落。改性后试样的抗冲击磨损能力较基体材料均有提高,其中N+注入与氮化的"长程强化效应"使试样在较高冲击周次保持良好的抗磨性能;晶态结构TiN膜层由于较高的表层硬度,提高了试样的耐磨性,尤其是较低的冲击周次下;DLC膜的特殊非晶态结构,使其在整个冲击过程中具有小的磨损深度,高的失效周次。     

SiO2层晶化对TiN/SiO2纳米多层膜结构和性能的影响

采用多靶磁控溅射法制备了一系列具有不同SiO2调制层厚的TiN/SiO2纳米多层膜.利用X射线衍射、X射线能量色散谱、扫描电子显微镜、高分辨电子显微镜和微力学探针表征和研究了多层膜的生长结构和力学性能.结果表明,具有适当厚度(0.45～0.9 nm)的SiO2调制层,在溅射条件下通常为非晶态,在TiN层的模板作用下晶化并与TiN层共格外延生长,形成具有强烈(111)织构的超晶格柱状晶多层膜;与此相应,纳米多层膜产生了硬度和弹性模量异常增高的超硬效应(最高硬度达45 GPa).随着SiO2层厚度的继续增加,SiO2层转变为非晶态,阻断了多层膜的共格外延生长,使纳米多层膜形成非晶SiO2层和纳米晶TiN层的多层结构,多层膜的硬度和弹性模量逐渐下降.     

超薄纳米晶Zr-N扩散阻挡性能及其热稳定性的研究

用射频反应磁控溅射的方法在Si(100)衬底和Cu膜间制备了25nm的纳米晶Zr-N阻挡层,Cu/Zr-N/Si样品在高纯氮气保护下退火至700℃.用四探针电阻测试仪(FPP)、AFM、SEM、XRD、AES研究了溅射参数对Zr-N薄膜电阻率和扩散阻挡性能的影响.实验结果表明,N2分压从20%增加到25%,电阻率快速增高;溅射偏压不同,Zr-N的结构可由非晶态结构转变为纳米晶.纳米晶Zr-N阻挡层650℃退火1h后仍能有效地阻止Cu的扩散.     

轴承钢GCr15高速冲击绝热剪切带的研究

为了加深对风机轴承失效的进一步理解,从而提高其服役寿命,本文提出并研究了轴承钢GCr15在动载荷下的失效模式,采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对轴承钢GCr15进行动态冲击试验,借助光学显微镜、SEM和FIB/TEM研究动态载荷下绝热剪切带的形成机理和组织变化.研究表明:冲击载荷下GCr15内部产生致密的绝热剪切带,且裂纹伴随着剪切带产生.剪切带中的晶粒被严重细化,由亚结构和纳米等轴晶组成.带中心部位大量位错缺陷的存在说明晶粒是在动态回复和不完全动态再结晶主导机制下逐步被细化的过程.细化的晶粒使得ASB内显微硬度值显著升高.     

直接晶化法制备块状纳米材料的探索──Ⅰ脉冲电流作用下无序金属介质的成核理论

利用经典热力学和连续介质电动力学理论计算了脉冲电流作用下无序介质（包括金属熔体和非晶态金属）的成核率．结果表明：对于无序介质的晶化过程，随脉冲电流密度增加，形核率成指数增大；超短时脉冲有可能使熔体直接冷凝成大块纳米晶材料，并能限制已经形成的纳米晶粒的长大．     

低温晶化处理对TiO_2纳米管阵列形貌、结构及光电化学性能的影响

本文通过对所制备的非晶态阳极氧化TiO2纳米管阵列进行水泡、水热以及蒸气热等低温晶化处理,系统考察了低温晶化过程对纳米管阵列形貌、微结构及其模拟太阳光下光电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明:蒸气热处理可促进TiO2纳米管阵列的晶化并保留其管状的形貌特征,最终获得最佳的光电化学性能;水热处理可获得锐钛矿相TiO2,但会使管结构转变为颗粒;水泡处理受水在纳米尺度的管中流动行为的影响,导致管阵列只有管口部分晶化。     

真空快淬材料研究的新近进展

真空快淬材料也叫急冷材料或快速凝固材料,真空快淬技术是制备非晶态金属和纳米晶合金的重要手段.近年来,真空快淬材料发展迅速,其性能指标已经达到实用化、产业化要求,本文主要介绍了真空快淬技术在贮氢合金、Nd-Fe-B永磁材料、非晶态钛基钎焊料、Ni-Mn-Ga磁性形状记忆合金等金属功能材料制备中的应用研究进展.研究实践证明应用真空快淬技术,不仅可以研究新型非晶态和纳米晶合金,进一步发展新型合金相,而且还可以定性、定量控制晶态材料的晶粒,如非晶、纳米晶、微晶的形成及其含量比例.     

粗晶TM52钢结硬质合金的冲击磨料磨损性能研究

系统对比研究了粗晶粒TM52钢结硬质合金与分别采用真空烧结和低压烧结制备的细晶粒TM52钢结硬质合金在不同冲击功工况下的抗磨料磨损性能与行为,并在对磨损面形貌进行电镜观察分析的基础上探讨了粗晶粒TM52钢结硬质合金的磨损机理。研究发现,粗晶TM52合金的抗磨料磨损性能随着冲击功的逐步提高呈现先下降后增强的变化规律,这与其高锰钢基体在高冲击功条件下的高硬化速率及硬化效果更快、更充分有关。相对于细晶粒钢结硬质合金,粗晶粒TM52钢结硬质合金在抗冲击磨料磨损方面具有明显的性能优势,尤其在高冲击功(3~4J/cm~2)条件下,耐磨性能可提高40%~80%。在此工况下磨损机制主要为碾碎性磨料磨损、擦伤式磨料磨损和疲劳磨损,凿削式磨料磨损不明显。     

系列奥氏体锰钢耐磨性研究

测定了系列锰钢的冲击磨粒磨损性能，发现在低冲击功下锰钢的耐磨性与磨面硬度近似线性关系，而在高冲击功下耐磨性几乎与磨面硬度无关。对冲击功、冲击韧性及耐磨性三者之间关系研究得出：当冲击韧性与冲击功比值在３０—７０范围内时锰钢具有较高耐磨性     

Influence of Carbides and Strain-induced Martensite on Wear Resistance of Austenitic Medium Manganese Steels

The abrasive wear behaviour of austeniticmedium manganese steels was studied under weakcorrosion-abrasive wear simulating the linerplate in wet metallic ore bail mill undernon-severe impact-loading working condition.Results show that the work-hardening mechanismand the wear resistance of high carbon austeniticmedium manganese steels differ from those ofmedium carbon austenitic medium manganese steel.Under non-severe impact and weakcorrosion-abrasive wear,the wear resistancesof high carbon and medium carbon austeniticmedium manganese steels are 50-90% and 20-40%higher than that of Hadfield steel respectively.     

高速电弧喷涂FeAlNbB非晶纳米晶涂层的组织与性能

为了提高钢铁材料的耐磨性和硬度,利用高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了FeAlNbB非晶纳米晶涂层.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDAX),透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪等设备对涂层的组织结构和相组成进行了分析,研究了非晶纳米晶的形成机制.实验结果表明:FeAlNbB非晶纳米晶涂层是非晶相、α-Fe、FeAl纳米晶和Fe3Al微晶共存的多相组织,涂层中非晶相含量约36.2%,纳米晶尺寸约14.1 nm;涂层组织均匀,结构致密,平均孔隙率约2.3%;非晶纳米晶涂层具有较高的硬度,其耐磨性是相同实验条件下制备的3Cr13涂层的2.2倍.     

Initial wear characteristics of aging-treated ZG120Mn13 steel under steel shot at high-velocity impact

The initial wear of high manganese steel parts in practical use is related to their original hardness, external loading, surface machining accuracy, and the change of shape and dimension. The paper studies the size and coverage percentage of impact scars on the ZG120Mn13 high carbon high manganese steel surface, as well as the variation of weight loss under high-velocity steel shot by changing aging treatment process. Meanwhile, the relationship between the hardness of aging ZG120Mn13 steel and its initial wear characteristics is discussed. The results show that after 5 seconds, the size and coverage percentage decreased with the increment of hardness. However, in any different period, the wear mass losses of the steel increase with increment of hardness, and increase rapidly first, then slowly. Therefore, under high-velocity impact loading, the increment of hardness is beneficial to improving initial wear-resistance from the perspective of the deformation, but is conducive to improving the resistance from the mass loss. Consequently, we should not only emphasize the high hardness merely, but also consider the changing law of weight loss and initial deformation comprehensively, so that we can achieve the best initial wear resistance when the high manganese steel has the appropriate hardness.     

Annealing Effect on Wear Resistance of Nanostructured 316L Stainless Steel Subjected to Dynamic Plastic Deformation

Bulk nanostructured 316L austenitic stainless steel(SS) samples with nano-scale twin bundles embedded in nano-sized grains were synthesized by using dynamic plastic deformation(DPD).Subsequent thermal annealing of the as-DPD sample leads to a single austenitic structure with static recrystallized(SRX) grains in nanostructured matrix.Oil-lubricated sliding tests of ball-on-disc type were carried out for the as-DPD and the as-annealed DPD steel samples in comparison with coarse grained(CG) steel samples.Experimental results show that the as-DPD 316L steel exhibits a little enhanced wear resistance under a load of 10 N,and nearly identical wear resistance under a load of 30 N relative to that of the CG sample.After annealing,the wear resistance roughly follows the Archard equation under a load of 10 N.However,the wear resistance increases with increasing hardness,and decreases with a further increase in hardness under a load of 30 N.The highest wear resistance can be found in the DPD sample annealed at 750 C for about 20 min,which is more than 46% higher than that of the CG steel sample.This phenomenon is originated from the microstructure with an optimized combination of strength and ductility as a result of moderate plastic deformation in SRX grained regions.     

构型陶瓷/钢铁耐磨复合材料研究进展

近年来,陶瓷颗粒非均匀分布增强钢铁基复合材料(构型复合材料)由于具有优异的耐磨性,成为国内外高性能耐磨材料研究和应用的热点.对构型复合材料耐磨性的研究进行了综述,认为在无冲击磨料磨损工况下,构型复合材料的耐磨性显著高于常规陶瓷颗粒均匀分布增强复合材料,其耐磨性顺序按照基体排列为:高铬铸铁基>合金钢基>高锰钢基复合材料;陶瓷/钢铁界面结合强,则复合材料耐磨性高;按照陶瓷颗粒排序是:WC>(TiC,ZTA)>Al2O3增强复合材料;ZTA中ZrO2含量高,则耐磨性好.在高冲击磨料磨损工况下,构型复合材料耐磨性远不如无冲击工况下的耐磨性,有的甚至比基体差;合金钢基复合材料耐磨性比高锰钢基稍高.综述了不同工况下构型复合材料的磨损机理,并提出了构型陶瓷/钢铁复合材料的研究方向.     

Mechanism of Work-hardening for Austenitic Manganese Steel under Non-severe Impact Loading Conditions

The effect of C,Mn and heat-treatment onwork-hardening of austenitic Mn steel and thework-hardening mechanism have been investigatedunder non-severe impact loading condition.Theresults show that the ability of work-hardening in-creases with the increase of C and aging tempera-ture but decreases with Mn.The work-hardeningwith high austenitic stability results mainly fromdislocations,and that with low austenitic stabilityresults mainly from combined effects of strain-in-duced martensite and high density of dislocationsunder non-severe impact loading conditions.Thewear resistance of medium manganese steel (Mn7)is 1.64-2.46 times that of Hadfield steel (Mnl3).     

Characterization of mechanical properties of FeCrBSiMnNbY metallic glass coatings

This article investigates mechanical characteristics of Fe-based metallic glass coatings. A series of the coatings were fabricated by conventional wire-arc spray process. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning election microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimeter. The coating is very dense smooth, adhering well and with no cracking. The microstructure of the coating consists of amorphous phase and α(Fe,Cr) nanocrystalline phase. The nanocrystalline grains with a size of 30 to 60 nm are homogenously dispersed in the amorphous phase matrix. The crystallization temperature of the amorphous phase is about 545 °C. The mechanical properties, such as porosity, adhesive strength, microhardness, elastic modulus, and abrasive wear resistance, were analyzed in detail. The experimental results indicate that the coating has high microhardness (15.74 GPa), high elastic modulus (216.97 GPa), and low porosity (1.7%). The average adhesive strength value of the coating is 53.6 MPa. The relationship between abrasive wear behavior and structure of the coating is discussed. The relatively wear resistance of metallic glass coating is about 7 and 2.3 times higher than that of AISI 1045 steel and 3Cr13 martensite stainless steel coating, respectively. The main failure mechanism of metallic glass coating is brittle failure and fracture. The Fe-based metallic glass coating has excellent wear resistance.     

Evaluation of effect of chromium on wear performance of high manganese steel

Abstract

The effects of elements such as Ni, Mo, Cr, Cu, and V on the wear behaviour of high manganese steels have been reported extensively. Most researchers agree on the influence of many of the elements but disagree on the effect of Cr. A study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of 1.7 and 2.3 wt-Cr on high manganese steel when subjected to various wear conditions: impact loading, abrasion, combined impact-abrasion, and combined abrasion-corrosion. The study has revealed that adding Cr to high manganese steel resulted in an increase in hardness and hardenability, and a decrease in toughness. The effect on wear resistance was found to depend on the wear conditions. Chromium alloyed high manganese steels showed superior wear resistance compared with plain Hadfield steels where corrosion, abrasion, and combined impact-abrasion conditions prevailed. Such conditions required a high surface hardness. Plain Hadfield steel showed superior wear resistance in conditions where pure impact wear is encountered. Such conditions required an increase in toughness rather than surface hardness.