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三价铬电镀工艺研究的现状及方向 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了有效取代有环境污染的传统六价铬镀铬工艺,对三价铬电镀技术进行了归类和评述。重点介绍了三价铬镀铬工艺及其影响因素,分析了目前三价铬镀铬存在的镀层难以增厚、阳极选择困难及溶液成分复杂等问题,提出了解决问题的可行性途径和未来发展的方向。 相似文献
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三价铬硫酸盐体系快速电沉积可行性探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
三价铬镀铬是替代六价铬镀铬理想的清洁生产工艺.研究了电流密度、电镀时间和不同基体金属对三价铬硫酸盐镀液中快速镀铬的影响.结果表明:采用三价铬硫酸盐镀液在铜、镍和低碳铜基体上进行快速镀铬都可得到表面连续致密、结构为非晶态的铬镀层,镀速在铜基体上比在镍和低碳钢基体上快很多;电流密度10 A/dm2下电镀10 s,铜基体上可得到0.40μm以上的铬镀层,平均镀速可达2.50μm/min;镍和低碳钢基体上只能得到0.10μm的铬镀层,平均镀速为0.50 μm/min;快速镀铬的电流效率与电流密度有关,电流密度为10~12 A/dm2时可达25.0%以上;三价铬硫酸盐镀液长时间连续快速镀铬时镀液体积明显减少、pH值降低. 相似文献
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装饰性三价铬电镀层难以增厚、镀液不稳定、色泽不能令人满意.为此,采用线性电位扫描法探讨了甲酸铵、乙酸铵、草酸铵、柠檬酸铵4种羧酸盐配位剂体系中镀光亮镍钢表面电还原三价铬的极化特征,开发了草酸铵和甲酸铵复合配位剂三价铬电镀工艺,并对铬镀层的主要性能进行了研究.结果表明:草酸铵配位能力较强.可作为三价铬电镀的配位剂,甲酸铵既是配位剂也是消除六价铬干扰的还原剂,两者复配加入三价铬电镀液,可以获得较好的镀铬层,其厚度可达1.0~1.3 μm,光亮度为2级,耐蚀性、结合力等性能良好,能够满足装饰用途要求. 相似文献
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从本世纪二十年代镀铬工艺应用于生产以来有60多年历史,镀铬工艺已被广大电镀工作者所熟悉和掌握。众所周知在生产实践中,新配的镀铬溶液不能直接进行镀铬。这是因为新配溶液中缺少三价铬离子,三价铬在镀铬溶液中的作用,是可以与硫酸根生成促使阴极碱式铬酸铬溶解的硫酸铬,从而起 相似文献
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三价铬镀铬工艺初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
传统的镀铬是在含有六价铬的电镀液中进行的,六价铬对环境严重的危害,促进了三价铬镀铬工艺的发展.在铁基体上选取不同的三价铬镀铬配方进行试验,以铅板或石墨为阳极,20钢试片作阴极,对试片除油除锈后,直接进行三价铬镀铬,经过对镀层的外观、厚度及结合力的比较取舍,获得了外观及结合力较好的配方:52g/LCr3 ;40g/L KCl;10g/L KBr;46g/L HCOOH;53g/L NH4Cl;150g/L(NH2)2CO;10g/L H3BO3及少量的添加剂,以阳极石墨为基础,研究了不同种类及不同用量的润湿剂对镀层外观和孔隙率的影响,最终选定了对于三价铬镀铬配方较佳的润湿剂及其用量范围.对镀铬层用碳酸钠和磷酸钠进行中和浸渍,时间为3~5 min,可以减轻三价铬镀层发黄的问题.该工艺条件:DK=10~15 A/dm2,10~20℃带电下槽,pH值为0.5~1.0,电镀液的稳定性为12 A@h/L.镀层细致、光亮、孔隙率低,而且可以在常温下操作,节约能源. 相似文献
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AbstractThermoelectric materials that are efficient well above ambient temperature are needed to convert waste-heat into electricity. Many thermoelectric oxides were investigated for this purpose, but their power factor (PF) values were too small (~10?4 W m?1 K?2) to yield a satisfactory figure of merit zT. Changing the anions from O2? to S2? and then to Se2? is a way to increase the covalency. In this review, some examples of sulfides (binary Cr–S or derived from layered TiS2) and an example of selenides, AgCrSe2, have been selected to illustrate the characteristic features of their physical properties. The comparison of the only two semiconducting binary chromium sulfides and of a layered AgCrSe2 selenide shows that the PF values are also in the same order of magnitude as those of transition metal oxides. In contrast, the PF values of the layered sulfides TiS2 and Cu0.1TiS2 are higher, reaching ~10?3 W m?1 K?2. Apparently the magnetism related to the Cr–S network is detrimental for the PF when compared to the d0 character of the Ti4+ based sulfides. Finally, the very low PF in AgCrSe2 (PF = 2.25 × 10?4 W m1 K?2 at 700 K) is compensated by a very low thermal conductivity (κ = 0.2 W m?1 K?1 from the measured Cp) leading to the highest zT value among the reviewed compounds (zT700K = 0.8). The existence of a glassy-like state for the Ag+ cations above 475 K is believed to be responsible for this result. This result demonstrates that the phonon engineering in open frameworks is a very interesting way to generate efficient thermoelectric materials. 相似文献
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为了开发替代六价铬电镀的三价铬电镀工艺,采用氯化物三价铬镀液体系,在30CrMnSi高强度钢上制备了厚度100μm以上的厚铬镀层,其沉积速率为1.2 μm/min;通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、中性盐雾试验、动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗对镀层的微观形貌、化学组成和耐蚀性进行了表征和分析。结果表明:三价铬镀铬层由金属铬、氢氧化铬和氧化铬组成;镀层表面为瘤状小球结构,结晶致密、有小孔及微裂纹;镀层与基体结合力良好;铬镀层表现出典型的钝化行为,抗盐雾处理后的铬镀层经过232h中性盐雾试验无锈蚀。 相似文献
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Leather waste--potential threat to human health, and a new technology of its treatment 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this paper, the authors deal with the problem of processing various types of waste generated by leather industry, with special emphasis to chrome-tanned waste. The agent that makes this waste potentially hazardous is hexavalent chromium. Its compounds can have negative effects on human health and some CrVI salts are considered carcinogens. The authors present the risks of spontaneous oxidization of CrIII to CrVI in the open-air dumps as well as the possible risks of wearing bad quality shoes, in which the chromium content is not controlled. There are several ways of handling primary leather waste, but no satisfactory technology has been developed for the secondary waste (manipulation waste, e.g. leather scraps and used leather products). In this contribution, a new three-step hybrid technology of processing manipulation waste is presented and tested under laboratory, pilot-scale and industrial conditions. The filtrate can be used as a good quality NPK fertilizer. The solid product, titanium–chromium sludge, can serve as an inorganic pigment in glass and ceramic industry. Further, the authors propose selective collection of used leather products (e.g. old shoes), the hydrolysable parts of which can be also processed by the new hybrid technology. 相似文献