1Cr18Ni9Ti-20G爆炸焊接+轧制工艺研究

为了研究在不同爆炸焊接工艺条件下获得的复合板的轧制效果,本文对大波、小波、微波状3种界面的1Cr18Ni9Ti／20G复合板进行轧制实验研究．实验表明：只有用下限获得的微小波状界面的爆炸焊接复合板,才能实现成功轧制,而大波状复合板界面存在一定的缝隙、空洞等微观缺陷,在轧制时由于分层会使轧制失效．爆炸焊接 轧制工艺获得的复合板结合界面的组织、强度和性能的测试结果表明：轧制复合板结合界面的剪切和分离强度虽比爆炸态略低,但延伸率、冲击韧性都大大增强,轧制复合板的耐蚀性能也未降低．     

Ni—Ti形状记忆合金爆炸焊接与复合的试验研究

Ni-Ti形状记忆合金是一种新型的功能材料，采用传统的高温熔融焊接后，常常改变焊接热影响区的形状记忆功能，严重影响了这一功能材料的应用领域。对于冲击韧性值较低的形状记忆舍金，能否实现同种材料的爆炸焊接与异种材料的爆炸复合，并达到其冶金结合，是人们积极探索的一种新方法。采用下限法对形状记忆合金爆炸焊接与复合技术进行了试验研究，并通过增加缓冲板改变常规平行法布药结构，以降低复板运动速度，实现了Ni-Ti合金直接结合的最佳爆炸焊接界面和Ni-Ti合金与0Cr18Ni9及黄铜H62板复合界面的波状结合。     

T10-20G爆炸焊接复合板

通过选取最佳的爆炸焊接参数,消除了T10－20G爆炸复合板表面的裂纹,使复合率达到100％,微观测试和宏观力学性能检测表明,从起爆端开始,界面波依次为微波状和小波状,消除了大波状界面中不可避免的微观缺陷,界面的结合强度较高     

爆炸焊接理论与技术新进展

爆炸焊接理论与技术取得了四个方面的进展:(1)发现并重新定义了三种结合界面:大波状、小波状和微波状,其中以微波状为最佳.首次发现在一个复合板中,界面波呈一定的规律分布.(2)针对爆炸焊接熔焊机理的局限性,首次提出并验证了"爆炸焊接是一种特殊压力焊"的新观点.(3)为了得到无熔化的良好界面,必须选取焊接下限,按照新的复板模型,得到了新的焊接下限,比传统下限小20%,并适宜于工程应用.(4)首次测试并研究了爆炸焊接荷载下地基的应力应变规律.通过地基参数的优化分析,得到了最适宜于爆炸焊接的沙土地基(含水量17.00%、密度1.74g/cm3).     

爆炸焊接2#岩石铵梯炸药不稳定爆轰段界面结合质量研究

文章通过多次试验测试了2#岩石铵梯炸药的不稳定爆轰距离大约在26cm～28cm,并分析了炸药不稳定爆轰对爆炸焊接界面结合质量的影响规律.不稳定爆轰最初0～6cm,炸药的爆轰压力未达到材料的动态屈服极限,不能实现爆炸焊接,在不稳定爆轰6cm～28cm之间,不仅可以成功实现焊接,而且结合界面的结合质量要比稳定爆轰段界面结合质量高,其界面由微波状结合逐渐变为小波状结合.     

纸浆模制波状结构填充物的设计及缓冲性能

目的对纸浆模制波状结构形式的缓冲填充物进行结构设计与缓冲包装性能的测试。方法设计并加工制备2种纸浆模制品波状缓冲结构填充物,其中A组试样的高度均为30 mm,波状角度分别为5°,15°,30°;B组试样确定的波状角度均为5°,高度变化分别为10,20,30 mm。对2组试样分别进行了静态压缩、动态冲击和振动试验。结果高为30 mm,波状角度为5°,15°,30°的波状结构最大静载荷分别为1230,1430,1600 N,波状角度为5°,高为20和30 mm的波状结构最大静载荷分别为560,1380 N。结论静态压缩试验表明高度一定时,纸浆模制缓冲结构的波状角度越大,载荷能力越强,波状角度一定时,高度越高,载荷能力越强;动态冲击试验表明纸浆模制缓冲结构的波状角度、高度影响着结构体的缓冲应用范围;振动试验表明在给定的载荷条件下试样避开了公路运输的共振频率。     

Ag/Cu爆炸复合材料界面结构研究

用扫描电镜和剪切拉伸技术研究了爆炸复合材料波状界面的结合强度与波纹走向之间的关系,表明结合强度是各向同性的,与波纹走向无关。用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术研究了波状结合界面的微观结构。结果表明其界面是由等轴细晶粒区、拉长晶粒区、位胞区、孪晶区等组成的一个带状区。本文用固体中应力波传播理论解释了带状复合界面的形成机理。     

波状挡边带式输送机在水电工程的应用

波状挡边带式输送机具有大倾角输送的特点（最大可达90°），广泛用于煤炭、矿石、粮食、冶金、化工和轻工等行业，从未在水电工程中运用，水电八局在格里桥水电站工程中首次使用该胶带机，现场实施情况表明，波状挡边胶带机同样可在水电工程中应用，具有较高的综合经济效益。     

紫铜-碳钢磁脉冲焊接接头界面形貌研究

为探索紫铜-碳钢磁脉冲焊接(MPW)接头界面形貌等微观特征,本文进行了T2紫铜管和50#钢管的磁脉冲焊接试验,在电压11 k V、径向间隙2.2 mm、重叠面积比3/4的条件下,获得了T2铜管-50#钢管冶金连接接头.通过光学金相、SEM/EDS、显微硬度和纳米压痕试验,重点研究了接头界面形貌、基体元素扩散和硬度分布.结果表明:接头由未焊合区、波状界面结合区、平直界面结合区等特征区域构成,连接区长度达到5 mm;波状结合区界面波长约为60μm,波峰幅值高约20μm;平直界面结合区基体元素扩散区(过渡区)宽度约2μm,而在波状界面结合区,扩散区宽度可达6μm;接头铜侧硬度相对初始值提高50%,最高硬度值出现在靠近界面的50号钢侧,而界面硬度介于两种母材之间.     

铝/镁异种合金磁脉冲焊接接头组织与性能研究

本工作采用磁脉冲焊接方法实现了铝/镁异种合金的连接，并通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和拉伸试验等分析方法对不同放电能量下的接头微观组织及力学性能进行研究。结果表明，铝/镁异种合金焊接接头界面呈现波形界面和平直界面，且随着放电能量的增加，界面的有效结合区宽度逐渐增加，最大达到了2.87 mm；波形界面的特征越明显，接头的力学性能越高；当放电能量为30 kJ时，波形界面的波长为62.7μm，波幅为9.1μm，接头拉剪力最大，达4 679.5 N。断口形貌分析结果表明，焊缝由内、外两个椭圆环组成；内环形貌呈密集的颗粒与空洞混合结构，外环形貌为条纹状结构。机械互锁和冶金结合同时存在的波状结构界面是获得力学性能优异的铝/镁异种合金磁脉冲焊接接头的关键。     

Correlation Between Numerical Finite Element Simulation and Experiments for Explosive Cladding of Nickel Base Super Alloy on Hot Tool Steel

Abstract: Experimental tests were carried out to explosively clad solution‐annealed Inconel 718 super alloy on quench‐tempered AISI H13 hot tool steel. The tests were performed using various stand‐off distances and explosive–to‐flyer plate mass ratios. Various interface geometries were obtained from these experiments. All the experiments were simulated using ABAQUS version 6.9 finite element software. The Williamsburg equation of state and Johnson–Cook constitutive equation with its corresponding failure equation were used to model the behaviour of explosive and plates, respectively. The experimental results showed that the shape of interface fell roughly into three classes, wavy or wavy with some vortex shedding or smooth‐wavy. Various interface morphologies were achieved by changing the stand‐off distances and explosive–to‐flyer plate mass ratios because of change of impact velocity and dynamic collision angle. Numerical results showed that high localised plastic deformation was produced at the bond interface. Equivalent plastic strain and shear stress could be criteria for transition of interface morphology. Welding window of alloys was also developed.     

The influence of some factors on steel/steel bonding quality on there characteristics of explosive welding joints

Explosive welding is a solid state process in which controlled explosive detonations force two or more metals together at high pressures. The resultant arrangement is joined with a high quality metallurgical bond. The aim of this study was to investigate of strength of explosive welding metals which had same chemical compositions. In this study, it was taken different welding interfaces (straight, wavy and continuous solidified-melted) with changing explosive welding parameters (stand-off distance (s), explosive loading (R) and anvils). Joined metals were investigated in heat treatment and non heat treatment conditions. Microstructures, microhardness, tensile shear strength and bending test results were reported. Effect of anvil on explosive welding process was evaluated in joining/no joining performance. It was shown that bonding interface changed from straight to wavy structure when explosive loading and stand-off distance were increased. On wavy interface, when explosive loading was increased wavy length and amplitude increased. Results of tensile shear and bending tests showed that heat treated specimens have more strength than which of unheat-treated ones. According to tensile shear test results, straight and wavy interfaces had similar strength. Also, bending zone has shown some cracks after the bending test of unheated specimens.     

波浪形聚苯乙烯和铜微纤维阵列的可控制备及性能

提出基于静电纺丝法制备波浪形聚苯乙烯微纤维阵列,并以之为模板实现波浪形铜微纤维及其阵列的简易可控制备。通过静电纺丝法制备出了具有不同振幅、波长的波浪形聚苯乙烯微纤维,获得了单轴、正交、菱形等多种结构可控的波浪形纤维阵列,发现波浪形纤维振幅随收集板速度的变化规律满足Hopf分岔理论,表明波浪形纤维由直纤维经垂直于收集板移动方向上的非线性扰动产生,且该扰动具有O(2)对称性。以上述聚合物纤维阵列为模板,获得了形貌和结构可控的波浪形铜微纤维阵列,该波浪形铜纤维阵列为一体化的导电网络,其透光性和电阻分别为87%和425Ω,有望作为透明电极应用于光电子器件及其互连线中。     

Nature of the interface between AA7072 alloy explosively clad to AA8090 aluminium alloy

Aluminium-lithium based alloy plates were explosively clad with Al-1 wt% Zn alloy sheets. Clad plates were evaluated for bond continuity, interface shape, microstructure, variation of elemental concentrations across the bond interface, and bond strength. Comparisons of selected characteristics were made with roll clad sheets developed earlier.Ultrasonic tests revealed the bond to be continuous at all locations except over 50 mm wide edges of the plates. Both straight and wavy shaped interfaces were observed, often alternating arbitrarily. Microstructures on each side of the interface were distinct and characteristic of the individual alloys bonded. No localized melting was observed in the interface regions. Elemental concentration varied sharply across the bond line in the as-clad condition, later changing to a smooth profile after heat treatment. The diffusion widths, when expressed as a percentage of the cladding thickness, were much smaller than the corresponding values of previously studied roll clad sheets.'Tensile shear strength' of the clad samples exceeded the shear strength of monolithic Al-1%Zn alloy, thus indicating good bonding. The bond strength values were marginally lower than those of roll clad sheets. These differences could, perhaps, be due to the differences in the extent of elemental diffusion across the bond interface between the two techniques.     

Fatigue performance of a bonded wavy composite lap joint

A novel wavy lap joint design was further studied. Our previous studies using cross‐ply composite adherends showed that the new design was indeed much stronger than the conventional flat joint. In order to fully demonstrate advantage of the new wavy lap joint over the conventional single lap joint, comparative fatigue tests were performed to determine the durability performance of the wavy joint. In this study, a comparative static strength test of the conventional flat joint and the wavy joint was first carried out using unidirectional composite adherends. Then fatigue tests at different load levels and load frequencies were conducted. The test results showed that the wavy lap joint had a much longer fatigue life than the conventional lap joint.     

钛/钢双立式爆炸焊接参数优化

为解决大面积钛/钢爆炸焊接窗口窄,在结合区易出现"过熔"和"射流堆积"等微观缺陷的问题,开展了双立爆炸+轧制综合制造技术,进行了低爆速爆炸焊接用炸药试验优化,发明了一种最低临界爆速爆炸焊接用炸药,设计确定了刚性防护板和柔性防护墙构成的双立综合防护结构及参数,研究了钛/钢爆炸焊接装药厚度窗口.结果表明,双立钛/钢复合板结合界面成波状结合,几乎不存在金属熔化、漩涡等微观缺陷.     

正弦波纹翅片表冷器的传热及阻力特性实验研究

波纹式翅片具有良好的传热和阻力性能，应用于中央空调两器和末端设备中。以正弦波纹翅片换热器作为中央空调表面式冷却器进行了多种干、湿工况条件下的传热和阻力特性实验。对实验结果进行了分析处理，得出了正弦波纹翅片换热器的总传热系数关联式以及阻力特性的经验公式。实验结果对于中央空调两器和末端的设计具有重要的指导作用。