TRC SOURCE Database: A Unique Tool for Automatic Production of Data Compilations

Thermochemical and thermophysical properties of chemicals are the basis of most simulations of commercial processes. The TRC SOURCE database is an extensive archive of numerical experimental values of thermophysical properties extracted from the world's scientific literature. A suite of input/output routines that utilize current database technology has been developed. The database in combination with suitable software enables the automatic retrieval, interpretation, selection, and formatting of a wide range of thermophysical properties. Their output supports the automatic production of user specified compilations and the direct interaction with user-written application programs.     

Object oriented matrix classes for use in a finite element code using C++

This paper presents a new method of writing finite element programs using the programming approach known as object oriented programming (OOP). More specifically, the C++ language is used to illustrate the key OOP concepts. In addition to the OOP finite element examples, a detailed discussion of OOP techniques in the creation of a generalized matrix library is presented. The C++ language is used in this paper because it is more suited to numerical programs than a pure OOP language such as Smalltalk. The efficiency, flexibility and maintainability of the C++ program are shown to be superior to a comparable version written in a non-OOP language, such as FORTRAN. The matrix library contains a number of matrix objects that are useful for specific types of matrix related problems. Different sparse storage schemes are implemented for each different type of matrix. A large number of functions are provided for each matrix type in order to implement many common matrix operations. In applications, the OOP paradigm allows the functions to be used in a very simple way that is common to all the matrix types. The sample finite element code included in this paper is primarily intended to illustrate the key concepts of OOP style. This paper explains how to set up a finite element hierarchy, material hierarchy and how to integrate this with the matrix hierarchy (library). Thus, a completely object oriented finite element program can be written.     

平面轮廓识别与分段技术的研究与快速实现

给出了基于曲率差分图的平面轮廓识别与分段算法，并在Matlab环境下验证了算法的有效性，采用Matlab与C 混合编程技术，将Matlab程序添加到Visual C 工程中，生成独立运行系统。并采用OpcnGL图形接口，实现了图形显示以及编辑修改功能，大大提高了系统的实用性。     

Development of a database system for the thermophysical properties of 340 pure fluids

A new database system was designed and constructed in order to provide the newest and most reliable numerical data on thermophysical properties of fluids to the scientific and technical community as quickly as possible. The database is concerned with 12 kinds of property data: density, specific volume, compressibility factor, vapor pressure, specific heat, specific enthalpy, specific entropy, viscosity, thermal conductivity, surface tension, refractive index, and dielectric constant of 340 pure fluids under all conditions of seven convenient physical states. Only the most probable data, which were critically evaluated in advance, are compiled as functions of temperature and pressure in the form of either numerical data tables or correlation formulas. Property values at desired grid points of temperature and pressure can be obtained in SI units directly or by interpolations with some supplementary information, such as the grade of reliability, source bibliography, and fundamental physical constants of the fluid. The database is usable as conversational processing by TSS, the tabulation of property data in a batch processing, and one of the subroutine libraries in the computation of a user's program. Ten kinds of application programs are prepared for multipurpose retrievals so that anyone can use the database without any special knowledge of the structure or machine languages of this system.     

应用VAPS进行航空仪表仿真评价的方法研究

本文研究了VAPS构建仿真系统界面的功能和拓展技术,使用Visual C++语言编程进行二次开发,建立了工效学量化评价驱动模型,通过并列多任务结构程序设计,实现VAPS平台下仪表仿真及工效学评价实验数据的实时存储与处理功能。设计并实施了针对飞机座舱仿真仪表界面的判读反应特性及正确率工效学测试实验。数据统计分析结果与相关结论一致,表明该方法对于座舱仪表的虚拟优化设计具有工程实用价值。     

cDNA芯片重复探针检测值的一致性分析

通过SOURCE数据库对4套cDNA数据的探针进行了注释,分析了对应同一条Unigene的多个探针的检测值(即重复检测值)之间的相关性.采用两种常规方法处理了重复检测值,比较了这两种处理方法对筛选差异表达基因的影响.结果显示:Unigene的重复检测值之间存在一定比例的负相关;更新探针注释数据后的重复检测值之间的低相关比例减少,高相关比例显著提高;重复点样探针之间的相关性高于其它重复检测值,但是仍有很多低相关;两种处理重复检测值方法对于用基因表达差异显著性分析方法(SAM)与T检验方法筛选差异表达基因影响不大.     

螺纹剪切式碰撞吸能系统的零件模型开发

以UG软件为开发平台,利用Visual C＋＋调用UG/OPEN API函数的方法,通过对用户菜单、接口界面以及API应用程序设计的集成,完成了螺纹剪切式碰撞吸能系统（CST）的零件模型模块的开发。应用实例表明,零件族模板具有良好的相关性,能随着用户输入参数的变化而正确地变化,实现了在UG中直接生成CST零件模型的功能。     

Implementation of DRLs in the UK

This article describes the system of regulation and practical guidance that has been developed in the UK for implementing the requirement in the EC Medical Exposure Directive that all Member States shall promote the establishment and use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for medical X-ray examinations. In particular, it describes the role of two national patient dose databases maintained by NRPB, which provide important sources of information on which formally adopted numerical values for 'national DRLs' will be based. One database deals with radiographic and fluoroscopic examinations and the recommended 'national reference doses' from the latest review of this database are discussed. The other database deals specifically with computed tomography (CT) examinations, which now account for 50% of the collective dose to the UK population from all medical X rays and are consequently of particular radiation protection concern. The first analysis of this CT database is still underway, but some encouraging indications of a reduction in patient dose for some CT examinations are reported. Progress in formally adopting numerical values for 'national DRLs', as required by the UK regulations, and the provision of authoritative guidance on the implementation of DRLs at the local level, are also discussed.     

高阶流形方法及其应用

流形方法是一种可进行连续与非连续变形问题分析的灵活而有效的数值计算方法。本文详细地推导了二阶流形方法的具体计算列式,分别开发了一阶流形方法与二阶流形方法的计算程序．通过实例计算表明：提高覆盖函数的阶次可有效地提高流形方法的计算精度。     

Determination of the bilinear stress‐crack opening curve for normal‐ and high‐strength concrete

An improved version of the method proposed to ACI committee 446 and to RILEM TC 187‐SOC to determine the fracture parameters of concrete is applied in this study to several mixtures of normal and high‐strength concretes. The results are processed with a C++ program developed by the authors to automatise the mathematical operations required to obtain the bilinear softening curve of concrete from the experimental results. Numerical simulations of the tests are also carried out using finite elements with an embedded cohesive crack. The comparison between numerical and experimental results confirms that the experimental and numerical procedures are appropiate for normal‐strength concretes and high‐strength concretes.     

Evaluation of silicon neutron resonance parameters in the thermal to 1800 keV energy range

Because silicon is a major constituent of concrete and soil, neutron and gamma ray information on silicon is important for reactor shielding and criticality safety calculations. Therefore, much effort was put into the ENDF/B-VI evaluation for the three stable isotopes of silicon. The neutron capture cross section of natural silicon was recently measured at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) in the energy range 1-700 keV. Using the ENDF/B-VI evaluation for initial values, a new evaluation of the resonance parameters was performed by adding the results of the ORELA capture measurements to the experimental database. The computer code SAMMY was used for the analysis of the experimental data; the new version of SAMMY allows accurate calculations of the self-shielding and multiple scattering effects in the capture measurements. The accuracy of the radiative capture widths of the resonances was improved by this analysis. Accurate values of the s-, p- and d-wave neutron strength functions were also obtained. Although the resonance capture component of the present evaluation is 2-3 times smaller than that in ENDF/B-VI, the total capture cross section is much larger, at least for energies >250 keV, because the direct capture component contributes values of the same order of magnitude as the resonance component. The direct component was not taken into account in the ENDF/B-VI evaluation and was calculated for the first time in the present evaluation.     

EUCLIS--an information system for circadian systems biology

A major barrier to progress in systems biology is the absence of suitable infrastructure for data and software integration, which would enable working biologists to use and manipulate the techniques directly. We describe the incremental development of key components of such an infrastructure for a research community focused on a specific (but important) biological system. EUCLOCK combines the expertise of 34 chronobiology laboratories from 29 institutions in 11 European countries in a 5-year effort to understand how circadian clocks are synchronised to their specific cyclic environment (entrainment). We envision that the EUCLOCK Information System (EUCLIS) will subsequently evolve to support the worldwide chronobiology community. The architecture of EUCLIS integrates a database for circadian systems biology, containing modules for experimental data (Clock Experiments) and models (Clock Models) with a digital library (Clock KnowledgeBase) for the research community. The digital library paradigm is superior to the simple 'access' or 'mining' as well as the 'data warehouse' approaches currently used in other systems as it provides a flexible framework for community information needs and the potential to use emerging reference models and standards, which will enable easier integration with other systems in the future. The main Clock KnowledgeBase components for EUCLIS V1.0, Clock Genes and Clock Library, are described in detail. An important aspect this work will need to address in the future is the integration of the database and digital library management functions.     

Research on the theory and the virtual prototype of 3-DOF parallel-link coordinate-measuring machine

First, this paper describes the structure, the measuring theory, and characteristics of a new kind of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) using the parallel-link mechanism with three spatial degrees of freedom (3-DOF). Then, its measurement model is established according to the theory of the spatial mechanics, and the workspace of the probe is calculated and verified by computer simulation. Finally, the virtual prototype of the new CMM is studied by using the graphical functions in the OpenGL graphic library based on Windows 98 and Visual C++ 6.0. This research gives the foundation for manufacturing the real prototype of the parallel-link CMM.     

Rapid Evaluation of Prediction Methods with DIPPR’s Automated Property Prediction Package

An automated property prediction package has been developed that permits rapid evaluation of group-contribution, corresponding states, empirical, and theoretical property estimation methods. The property prediction package, which is part of the DIPPR^® Information And Data Evaluation Manager (DIADEM) software, is used in conjunction with the DIPPR^® 801 database to develop and test new prediction methods. The software is freely available to all DIPPR sponsor companies, but is also commercially available. The estimation engine is based on an automated SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) formula parser to provide required molecular structural information, retrieval of required secondary properties from the DIPPR^® database, and defined rules for the method. Automatic comparisons of predicted values to experimental data in the DIPPR^® database can be made for properties at specified accuracy levels, by chemical family or type, or over the entire database. This allows evaluation of the relative effectiveness of methods for specific chemical families and tailoring of the selected method to specific chemical classes. New methods can readily be added by input using a simple input form. Nearly 200 thermophysical property prediction methods are currently available in DIADEM.     

Clustering Random Curves Under Spatial Interdependence With Application to Service Accessibility

Service accessibility is defined as the access of a community to the nearby site locations in a service network consisting of multiple geographically distributed service sites. Leveraging new statistical methods, this article estimates and classifies service accessibility patterns varying over a large geographic area (Georgia) and over a period of 16 years. The focus of this study is on financial services but it generally applies to any other service operation. To this end, we introduce a model-based method for clustering random time-varying functions that are spatially interdependent. The underlying clustering model is nonparametric with spatially correlated errors. We also assume that the clustering membership is a realization from a Markov random field. Under these model assumptions, we borrow information across functions corresponding to nearby spatial locations resulting in enhanced estimation accuracy of the cluster effects and of the cluster membership as shown in a simulation study. Supplementary materials including the estimation algorithm, additional maps of the data, and the C++ computer programs for analyzing the data in our case study are available online.     

异形产品缓冲包装CAD系统的研究与开发

介绍了异形产品缓冲包装CAD系统的总体构成、主要功能模块以及系统的开发与实现.系统以异形产品为研究对象,基于OpenGL技术,使用VisualC++进行软件开发,实现能够集成缓冲衬垫计算与校核、瓦楞纸箱计算与校核、托盘集装设计及产品信息数据处理、图片显示等功能一体化的缓冲包装CAD系统.     

International Nuclear Safety Center Database on Thermophysical Properties of Reactor Materials

The International Nuclear Safety Center (INSC) database has been established at Argonne National Laboratory to provide easily accessible data and information necessary to perform nuclear safety analyses and to promote international collaboration through the exchange of nuclear safety information. The INSC database, located on the World Wide Web at http://www.insc.anl.gov, contains critically assessed recommendations for reactor-material properties for normal operating conditions, transients, and severe accidents. The initial focus of the database is on thermodynamic and transport properties of materials for water reactors. Materials that are being included in the database are fuel, absorbers, cladding, structural materials, coolants, and liquid mixtures of combinations of UO₂, ZrO₂, Zr, stainless steel, absorber materials, and concrete. For each property, the database includes (1) a summary of recommended equations with uncertainties; (2) a detailed data assessment giving the basis for the recommendations, comparisons with experimental data and previous recommendations, and uncertainties; (3) graphs showing recommendations, uncertainties, and comparisons with data and other equations; and (4) property values tabulated as a function of temperature.     

Informetric analysis of a music database

We analyse the statistical properties a database of musical notes for the purpose of designing an information retrieval system as part of the Musifind project. In order to reduce the amount of musical information we convert the database to the intervals between notes, which will make the database easier to search. We also investigate a further simplification by creating equivalence classes of musical intervals which also increases the resilience of searches to errors in the query. The Zipf, Zipf-Mandelbrot, Generalized Waring (GW) and Generalized Inverse Gaussian-Poisson (GIGP) distributions are tested against these various representations with the GIGP distribution providing the best overall fit for the data. There are many similarities with text databases, especially those with short bibliographic records. There are also some differences, particularly in the highest frequency intervals which occur with a much lower frequency than the highest frequency “stopwords” in a text database. This provides evidence to support the hypothesis that traditional text retrieval methods will work for a music database. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.