超声化学法制备无机纳米材料的研究进展

由于纳米材料具有许多不同于本体材料的优良性能,因此纳米材料的制备与应用是近年来材料科学研究的热点。超声化学法是一种制备特异性能纳米材料的有效途径。超声波对反应体系的作用主要表现在:利用超声能量进行分散,利用空化过程进行高温分解,利用剪切破碎机理对颗粒尺寸进行控制,利用机械搅动影响沉淀的形成过程。本文中介绍了超声化学法制备纳米材料的原理,并详细介绍了超声化学法在制备纳米金属及合金、纳米金属氧化物及其它纳米金属化合物方面的应用。     

超声化学法在纳米材料制备中的应用

简要介绍了超声化学法的基本原理,综述了目前超声技术在制备纳米材料方面的应用,并讨论了超声技术制备某些金属单质和化合物的作用机理和特点.最后对该方法制备纳米材料的发展方向提出了展望.     

液相化学法制备二氧化钛纳米材料的研究进展

液相化学法是制备二氧化钛纳米材料的常用方法。首先简述了几种主要的液相化学法并比较了它们各自的优缺点,然后逐一详细地综述了应用各种液相化学法制备二氧化钛纳米材料的最新研究进展,最后总结了液相化学法在二氧化钛纳米材料制备中所取得的显著成果以及在应用上的局限性,针对今后二氧化钛纳米材料制备工业化的必然趋势提出了几点意见。     

超细纳米氧化铁粉体的制备与表征

以XFeCl3·6H2O和NaOH为原料,分别采用化学沉淀法和超声化学法合成了纳米氧化铁粉末,并对其制备工艺进行了分析比较,实验结果表明,两种方法制备的纳米氧化铁粉末平均尺寸均在30—40nm之间,且纯度较高,但化学沉淀法制备的纳米氧化铁粉末存在团聚现象,而超声化学法所制纳米氧化铁粉末颗粒形貌清晰,分散性较好。     

纳米材料合成领域中离子液体的应用

介绍了在纳米材料领域的研究中,离子液体由于其特殊的功能化结构及其热稳定性好、溶解能力强等特点被广泛应用于纳米材料的制备领域的现状。对近年来离子液体在纳米材料合成方面的应用进展进行了综述。     

有机废弃物制备功能碳纳米材料及其在电化学中应用的研究进展

近年来,碳纳米材料由于具有独特的电子、光学和机械性能,引起了持续而广泛的关注。在碳纳米材料制备过程中,研究者一直致力于寻求可再生的碳源前驱体和绿色可持续的制备途径。随着研究的不断发展和深入,以有机废弃物为原料制备功能碳纳米材料的方法应运而生。该方法可以有效利用有机废弃物富含的N、P等杂原子以及特殊结构改善碳纳米材料的理化性质,使得制备的碳纳米材料在电化学领域表现出优异的特性。本文综述了近年来利用有机废弃物制备功能碳纳米材料的研究进展,总结了有机废弃物性质、制备条件等对功能碳材料性质的影响,介绍和归纳了合成的碳纳米材料在电化学催化和储能方向的应用,最后指出了目前研究存在的问题,展望了利用有机废物合成功能碳纳米材料的研究方向。     

准一维纳米材料的研究现状

自从碳纳米管被发现以后,一维纳米材料作为纳电子器件的重要组成部分,其合成、材料物性以及应用已经引起了人们的广泛重视.本文从一维纳米材料的制备入手,讨论了一维纳米材料的的制备方法及其各自特点,分析了一维纳米材料形成机制,并对其表征方法做了简单的介绍,根据其特殊性能分析其潜在应用.     

超声化学法制备介孔复合材料的研究

将超声技术引入介孔材料的合成中是近年来研究的热点 ,用超声诱导的方法可大大缩短合成时间 ,又可获得性能优良的介孔复合材料。从超声化学的基本原理和特点出发 ,主要介绍了超声法在制备硅基介孔材料和非硅基介孔材料方面的应用 ,并对超声化学法在该领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

超声化学法PbSe和PbS量子点制备技术的研究进展

半导体量子点材料因具有尺寸效应和独特的光谱效应而受到人们的重视.因此,如何有效地制备符合需要的量子点已成为近年来研究的一个热点.对各种超声化学法制备PbS、PbSe进行探讨,介绍了其实验步骤,比较了其结果,讨论分析了超声波法制备量子点的优势和不足,并提出了一些在原有基础上可以改进的地方,最后展望了纳米材料的应用前景.     

超声化学法合成纳米羟基磷灰石粉体的研究

以Ca(NO3)2和(NH4)2HPO4为原料,应用超声化学法制备得到了尺寸约20nm×120nm、分散性良好的针状羟基磷灰石(HAp)纳米粉体.对比研究了超声化学法与传统的化学沉淀法对HAp粉体的结晶性能、Ca/P摩尔比和产率的影响.研究表明,与传统的化学沉淀法相比,超声化学法可以在较短的时间内显著地提高纳米HAp的合成效率、结晶度、Ca/P摩尔比和产率.     

Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Sonochemical Synthesis of Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Nanohybrids: Control in the Structures and Interfacial Characteristics

A versatile, facile, and rapid synthetic method of advanced carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based nanohybrid fabrication, or the so‐called ionic‐liquid‐assisted sonochemical method (ILASM), which combines the supramolecular chemistry between ionic liquids (ILs) and CNTs with sonochemistry for the control in the size and amount of uniformly decorated nanoparticles (NPs) and interfacial engineering, is reported. The excellence in electrocatalysis of hybrid materials with well‐designed nanostructures and favorable interfaces is demonstrated by applying them to electrochemical catalysis. The synthetic method discussed in this report has an important and immediate impact not only on the design and synthesis of functional hybrid nanomaterials by supramolecular chemistry and sonochemistry but also on applications of the same into electrochemical devices such as sensors, fuel cells, solar cells, actuators, batteries, and capacitors.     

声化学主动力──声空化及其检测技术

本文简要介绍８０年代中期兴起的一个新的化学分枝─—声化学，从能量与物质相互作用的观点对声化学与其他化学分枝做了比较。井指出声化学的广阔应用前景。进而对声空化进行了讨论，强调声空化是声化学反应主动力的观点。最后详细介绍了声空化检测原理与方法的最新研究进展。     

纳米粒度仪在无机功能材料研究中的应用

纳米粒度仪是表征纳米材料颗粒大小及其分布的重要仪器.综述了近年来纳米粒度仪在纳米级催化材料及催化载体、磁性材料、光电材料及其它无机功能材料研究中最新的应用进展,提出了其存在的局限性和今后的研发方向.     

一维纳米材料的水热合成

水热合成是制备一维纳米材料的方法之一,可以用来合成碳、金属、半导体以及氧化物等多种无机纳米材料,由于其操作简单、成本低廉以及条件温和等优点而备受青睐.简单介绍了水热技术在制备一维纳米材料上的应用、影响纳米材料生长的因素以及一维纳米材料在国内外的研究进展.     

直接氧化法制备准一维氧化物纳米材料的研究进展

准一维氧化物纳米材料因其独特的光学性能、电学性能及几何结构而成为当前纳米材料研究领域的热点和重点.论述了直接氧化法制备准一维氧化物纳米材料原理,着重介绍了这一方法在准一维氧化物纳米材料制备中的应用,并对其前景作了简要的展望.     

纳米材料及其技术研究进展

纳米科学技术是以纳米材料制备和应用技术为基础的科学技术,它为科学技术的研究与发展带来了机遇与挑战。介绍了纳米材料及其技术的国内外最新的研究进展,分析了纳米材料的研究现状,并对纳米材料未来的发展方向进行展望。     

Nanomaterials: a Map for Their Selection in Food Packaging Applications

Even though research on nanotechnology has increased rapidly in the last decades, the application of nanotechnology in food and beverage packaging started to show an interest in the scientific community much more recently. Food safety, quality and improvements of properties compared with conventional materials make nanomaterials very attractive in the field of food and beverage packaging applications. Furthermore, in many cases, nanomaterials are used for both food packaging and the food contained, especially when we talk about nanomaterials for active and intelligent packaging. Oxygen scavengers, antimicrobial nanomaterials and nanobiosensors are some examples of current research efforts on nanomaterials for food packaging. This fact has led to a variety of nanoparticles and nanomaterials. The wide range of existing nanomaterials could make its selection for food packaging applications a challenge. Thus, building up a map based on the current state‐of‐the‐art nanoparticles and nanomaterials is required. Furthermore, there is a need to classify all the nanomaterials used specifically in food packaging, independently of their nature, the packaging material and the way they are integrated to this material. In this paper, a classification of the latest advances in this field was made accompanied by the use of Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis in order to find which are the most relevant (and/or expected to be potentially exploited in the near future) nanomaterials in the area of food packaging. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Amorphous nickel-iron oxides/carbon nanohybrids for an efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction

Highly efficient and durable water oxidation electrocatalysts are critically important in a wide range of clean energy technologies,including water electrolyzers and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Here,we report a novel sonochemical approach to synthesize amorphous nickel-iron oxides/carbon nanohybrids with tunable compositions for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).The sonochemically synthesized amorphous electrocatalysts with optimal composition exhibit a low overpotential of 290 mV at 10 mA·cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 31 mV·decade-1 in a 0.1 M KOH electrolyte,outperforming the benchmark RuO2 catalyst.Meanwhile,these nanohybrids are also highly stable and remain amorphous even after prolonged cycling.In addition to amorphism,sonochemistry endows as-prepared nickel-iron oxides/carbon nanohybrids with a simultaneously formed carbon scaffold and internal Ni(0),which can enhance the stability and activity for the OER.This work demonstrates that sonochemistry is a unique method for synthesizing amorphous metal oxides toward an efficient and durable OER.     

Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Emerging Trends and Future Prospects

Two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are ultrathin nanomaterials with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical functionality. Research on 2D nanomaterials is still in its infancy, with the majority of research focusing on elucidating unique material characteristics and few reports focusing on biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent rapid advances in 2D nanomaterials have raised important and exciting questions about their interactions with biological moieties. 2D nanoparticles such as carbon‐based 2D materials, silicate clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal oxides (TMOs) provide enhanced physical, chemical, and biological functionality owing to their uniform shapes, high surface‐to‐volume ratios, and surface charge. Here, we focus on state‐of‐the‐art biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials as well as recent developments that are shaping this emerging field. Specifically, we describe the unique characteristics that make 2D nanoparticles so valuable, as well as the biocompatibility framework that has been investigated so far. Finally, to both capture the growing trend of 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and to identify promising new research directions, we provide a critical evaluation of potential applications of recently developed 2D nanomaterials.