分布式光纤管道泄漏检测及预警技术灵敏度分析

针对管道安全存在的问题,提出了一种基于Mach-Zehnder光纤干涉仪原理的分布式光纤管道泄漏检测及预警技术,利用与管道同沟敷设的光缆中的3条单模光纤构成分布式光纤微振动传感器检测管道沿线的振动信号,可以有效地检测管道沿线所发生泄漏和异常事件．分析和研究了检测系统的测试灵敏度影响因素,并采用不同光缆结构和埋设方式对检测系统的检测灵敏度进行测试．实验结果表明,该检测技术可以检测到1m范围内的人工挖掘信号,在气体管道压力不小于0．2MPa的条件下,可以检测到0．4m^3／min的气体管道泄漏．     

混合干涉型分布式光纤天然气管道泄漏检测及定位方法研究

介绍了一种基于马赫-曾德尔和萨格纳克混合干涉仪原理的分布式光纤天然气管道泄漏检测系统.阐述了检测系统的检测原理及泄漏定位方法,在泄漏点距法拉第旋转镜为6 032m处进行了气体管道泄漏检测实验并重复做了20次试验,测试了传感光纤与泄漏点不同夹角对检测系统性能的影响.实验结果表明,该系统可以检测出管道内气体压力为0.3MPa、泄漏孔径为2.5mm的微小泄漏信号并进行定位,平均相对定位误差为1.29%.在40mm的管道外径下,传感光纤与泄漏点夹角在0～180°范围内,检测系统均能检测出泄漏信号并进行定位.     

一种抑制传感死区的Sagnac分布式传感器

提出了一种能抑制传感死区的Sagnac分布式光纤传感结构,利用2x2耦合器实现光路的循环.运用琼斯矩阵对光路进行了分析,指出只要延迟光纤的长度选择合适,就能消除传感光纤中的传感死区,排除信号中伪零频点对信号解调的干扰.在八个不同的点分别进行扰动定位监测,对得到的信号经滤波平滑后在局部最小值附近运用最小二乘法拟合,以确定零频点的位置.实验结果表明该系统能实现扰动定位,平均误差最大值为68 m,最小为3 m,证明了结构的正确性,表明该结构可用于远距离管道泄漏检测.     

分布式光纤油气长输管道泄漏检测及预警技术研究

随着我国社会经济的不断发展和进步,从而使得对于能源的需求也越来越大,特别是油气资源。在运输油气资源的过程当中,因为管道具有自身的一些优势,所以它成为了运输油气资源的一种非常重要的手段。但是在实际的运输中,因为很多人为因素和自然因素,经常都会发生管道泄漏的事故,这样对于环境的污染以及人们的生命财产都有非常严重的影响。文章主要针对分布式光纤油气长输管道泄漏检测及预警技术进行研究和分析。     

干涉型光纤传感局放超声检测灵敏度影响研究

针对电力设备局部放电检测灵敏度要求较高的问题,提出不同长度的延迟光纤对基于干涉型Sagnac光纤传感技术的局部放电超声检测系统灵敏度的影响,设计电力设备局部放电模拟装置,搭建干涉型Sagnac光纤法检测局部放电系统,进行局部放电光纤法检测灵敏度理论分析与试验验证。试验证明,在10 kV电压等级下,传感光纤长度在10 km以内,当延迟光纤的长度约为12～18 km时,局部放电频域信号中心频率强度有最大值;当延迟光纤长度为12.353 km时,传感光纤对局部放电时域信号响应的灵敏度较高。研究表明,调节合适的延迟光纤长度,可以提高干涉型Sagnac光纤法检测局部放电时域和频域信号的灵敏度,可为电力设备局部放电光纤法检测灵敏度的提升提供新的思路。     

基于小波能谱和小波信息熵的管道异常振动事件识别方法

提出了基于小波能谱和小波信息熵的油气管道异常振动事件识别方法。基于Mach-Zehnder光纤干涉仪原理的分布式光纤油气管道安全监测系统实时检测管道沿途振动信号,对测量的时间序列进行小波变换,根据小波系数计算小波能谱与小波信息熵,通过小波能谱和小波信息熵值两种测度识别不同的管道安全异常事件。港枣线成品油管道的现场实验结果表明,该方法可以快速有效地识别管道周围发生的泄漏及其他异常情况,其总体识别准确率达到98.5%,有效降低了误报警率,具有较强的在线工况识别能力。     

管道泄漏检测新方法研究

为提高管道泄漏检测的准确度、降低漏报率,提出一种基于负压波多压力传感器管道泄漏检测的新方法.该方法依据泵站前后端的所有压力传感器接收减压波的先后顺序,综合判断减压波是由管道泄漏引起还是由泵站工况波动调整引起;并且根据不同状况下各个压力传感器测试点检测到压力变化各不相同,从而确定故障性质和故障点.仿真实验表明:该方法不仅能降低系统漏报和误报率,而且能够提高系统泄漏点的定位准确度.     

光纤密封转接的氦质谱检漏技术研究

为解决光纤进入钢制容器时造成的泄漏问题,密封转接是一种有效方法.分析了光纤转接器灌胶密封结构及其缺陷,证实了转接器内部存在某些特殊的漏孔.研究了光纤密封转接的高灵敏度氦质谱检漏工艺技术,利用光纤多层保护结构形成集气空间,实现了光纤转接器内部漏率的定量检测,系统检测灵敏度高达1.0×10-11Pa·m3/s.     

用于周界报警干涉型光纤传感器的光缆技术

对应用于安全防范、石油管道监测的干涉型光纤传感器的系统结构及工作原理进行分析,由于系统使用单模光纤,导致两干涉臂输出偏振态变化不一致,使得系统的精度和稳定性降低.为此,对光缆设计以及成缆技术对系统输出偏振态变化的机理进行研究,建立了数学模型,进行仿真计算并通过环境模拟实验验证理论模型,为系统的光缆设计提供了理论依据.     

基于相关分析法的供水管道漏点定位技术研究

管道泄漏检测与定位技术在供水管道安全生产中占有重要地位.文章主要依据负压波法,应用相关分析理论对供水管道进行泄漏检测和定位.对于所提取的泄漏信号中含有的大量噪声,可以通过滑动平均滤波、小波分析等方法对其进行去噪处理.实验结果表明:根据实际情况合理选择去噪方法,可以有效提高基于相关分析法的供水管道泄漏柃测与定位精度.     

Coherent fiber-optic reflectometer with 810-nm semiconductor laser

Coherent fiber-optic reflectometer with a single-mode (λ = 810 nm) semiconductor laser as a radiation source has been experimentally studied. It is demonstrated that distributed fiber-optic sensors for detecting and locating dynamic impacts can be created based on the proposed reflectometer with a fiber circuit length of up to 3 km.     

基于通信光缆的光纤油气管线预警系统

提出了一种以光纤分布式扰动传感器为核心,通过随油气管线一同敷设的标准通信光缆为传感介质的新型光纤管线预警系统.该系统利用激光干涉的原理对扰动信号进行实时探测,从而实现对挖掘、偷盗和第三方破坏等事件导致的扰动的实时监测和定位,从而达到管线安全预警的功能.该预警系统成功研制后分别在津唐输油处石油管线和杭州至嘉兴天然气管线进行了多次外场测试,该系统能在长达60 km的管线上实现250 m的定位精度,具有很好的定位稳定性.其测试结果表明:与传统油气管线监测手段相比,该系统具有无需外场供电、本质安全、灵敏度高,监测距离长、可定位以及可预警监测等技术优势,是未来油气管线监测的发展趋势.     

Rangeability extension of fiber-optic low-coherence measurement based on cascaded multistage fiber delay line

We demonstrate a simple method to extend the measurable fiber length with a fiber-optic low-coherence technique. This method is based on a cascaded structure of multistage fiber delay line laid in one arm of the low-coherence technique. By choosing different individual stages in the cascaded fiber delay line, the length of the fiber under test can be continuously measured with a different measurement range. The measurement range of 0.81 km and spatial resolution of 60 μm are successfully realized.     

Quasidistributed fiber-optic interferometric pickups

The operating principle of a quasidistributed fiber-optic pickup based on internodal interference in weakly guiding fiber waveguides is considered. The pickup can be used as both an independent measuring instrument and a base element in the fabrication of fiber-optic distributed measuring networks.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 16–17, January, 1994.     

最小控制递归平均算法对光纤声音传感系统的降噪作用

为了解决恶劣环境下分布式光纤声音传感系统的声音还原问题,搭建了一种基于改进最小控制递归平均(IMCRA)算法的多通道光纤声音传感系统。采用Sagnac和Mach-Zehnder复合光路结构,以单模光纤作为传感单元拾取声音信号,借助光开关实现了多通道信号采集,并通过改进最小控制递归平均算法对声音信号进行降噪、还原及增强处理。实验结果表明:该系统可在长为4km的传感光纤上实现对单音信号和语音信号的多通道扫描拾取,并能够在复杂情况下实现对语音信号信噪比的有效提升,为光纤声音传感系统在恶劣环境下的应用提供了一种新途径。     

Quasi-distributed fiber-optic strain sensor: principle and experiment

Sensors capable of making distributed measurements allow for monitoring of the entire structure. Optical fiber sensors are especially attractive for this purpose, since they are geometrically versatile and can be readily integrated within various types of structure and material. Development and characteristics of a quasi-distributed intrinsic fiber-optic strain sensor based on white-light interferometry are described. The research presented here describes the development of a new optical fiber sensor system for measurement of structural strains based on double white-light interferometry. Individual segments of single-mode optical fibers forming a common-path interferometer are linked in series, and a scanning white-light interferometer provides for distributed sensing of strain signals from various locations in the structure. The system is configured for automatic compensation of drift due to environmental effects, i.e., temperature and vibration. Strain gauges were employed for comparison and verification of strain signals as measured by the new system. The experimental results demonstrate the linearity of the system and the capability for distributed sensing of strains.     

Extrinsic fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer sensor for refractive index measurement of optical glass

A simple fiber-optic sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference for refractive index measurement of optical glass is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A broadband light source is coupled into an extrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot cavity formed by the surfaces of a sensing fiber end and the measured sample. The interference signals from the cavity are reflected back into the same fiber. The refractive index of the sample can be obtained by measuring the contrast of the interference fringes. The experimental data meet with the theoretical values very well. The proposed technique is a new method for glass refractive index measurement with a simple, solid, and compact structure.     

Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring Using a Novel Fiber-Optic Accelerometer System

This paper presents a novel fiber-optic accelerometer system to monitor civil engineering structures in real time and a successful application of the novel sensor system for damage detection of the concrete slab structure. This sensor system integrates the Moireacute fringe phenomenon with fiber optics to achieve accurate and reliable measurements. A signal processing unit implements unique algorithms to further enhance the resolution and increase the dynamic bandwidth of the sensors. The sensor system is immune to electromagnetic (EM) interference, making it suitable for difficult applications in such environments involving strong EM fields, electrical spark-induced explosion risks, and cabling problems, prohibiting the use of conventional electromagnetic accelerometers. Especially, this paper presents a unique real-time signal processing algorithm and applications to real-time damage assessment, demonstrating the uniquely high performance of the Moireacute fringe fiber-optic sensor system