近海大气氯离子环境下砖砌体抗压力学性能试验研究

为了研究近海大气环境氯离子作用下砖砌体的力学性能,采用中性盐雾实验模拟近海大气环境,利用质量分数为5%的氯化钠溶液分别对砂浆试块、烧结普通砖、砖砌体试件进行干湿循环腐蚀试验,对不同腐蚀次数的各试件进行抗压性能测试,分析了各试件抗压强度、砖砌体应力-应变关系及弹性模量随腐蚀次数增加的变化,并对砖砌体的实测应力-应变关系进行拟合,得到不同腐蚀循环次数下砌体的本构关系曲线。结果表明,循环腐蚀100次后,混合砂浆试块和砖砌体试件的抗压强度有轻微的增加,普通砖块的抗压强度略有减小,但当腐蚀次数逐渐增大时,砖砌体试件的抗压强度、应力-应变曲线斜率、弹性模量都呈较明显的降低趋势,说明近海大气环境下氯离子对砌体结构的腐蚀作用较大。     

围压对Ⅱ型CA砂浆力学性能的影响

对不同围压下的CRTS-Ⅱ型CA砂浆进行了三轴压缩试验,并测定CA砂浆的应力应变曲线。分析了峰值应力、峰值应变、残余强度及弹性模量随围压的变化规律,并对其进行线性拟合。结果表明,随着围压的增大,应力应变曲线峰值处逐渐平缓;峰值应力、峰值应变及残余强度逐渐变大,弹性模量基本不变;CA砂浆试件破坏时的裂缝与轴线的夹角逐渐增大。     

混凝土冻融循环下动态破损机理的试验研究

对冻融环境下混凝土试样进行了不同加载速率下的单轴压缩试验,得到了混凝土材料经历不同冻融循环次数下的质量损失及破损形态,分析了冻融循环下混凝土试样的全应力—应变曲线,并给出了其单轴极限抗压强度、峰值应变随加载速率的变化特征。通过运用CT细观试验的方法初步对经历不同加载速率下的试样进行了细观结构分析。试验结果表明:在相同加载率下,混凝土单轴动态极限抗压强度随冻融循环次数的增加而降低;在相同冻融循环次数下,混凝土单轴动态极限抗压强度随加载速率的增大而提高;冻融循环作用下,在低加载速率下,混凝土试样破坏时,裂纹数目较少,主要沿砂浆和交界面处扩展,破坏时呈现出集中式的分布;而在高加载速率下,裂纹逐渐变得分散,破坏时呈现弥散状分布式的裂纹,随着加载率的提高,裂纹穿过骨料的现象增多,骨料破坏数目呈指数形式增长。以此,通过试验系统地研究了冻融循环下混凝土动态破损机理。     

碱矿渣陶粒混凝土砌块砌体受压本构关系

为考察碱矿渣陶粒混凝土砌块砌体的受压本构关系及基本力学性能,完成了126个用碱矿渣陶砂砂浆和碱矿渣陶粒混凝土砌块砌筑的砌体试件的轴心抗压试验。研究结果表明:当砌块抗压强度和砌筑砂浆抗压强度相同时,由于碱矿渣陶砂砂浆收缩大,该类砌体的峰值压应变、极限压应变均低于普通混凝土砌块砌体。建立了以砌体抗压强度、砌块抗压强度和砌筑砂浆抗压强度为自变量的这类新型砌体峰值压应变、极限压应变以及弹性模量计算公式。     

不同温度环境中沥青混凝土动态抗压性能试验研究

为研究沥青混凝土在不同温度环境中的动态力学特性,该研究在-20~30℃和10-5~10-2 s-1条件下对其进行了动态抗压试验研究。试验结果表明:温度和应变速率对沥青混凝土的力学性能有显著影响,降低温度或增加应变速率导致抗压强度和弹性模量增加,峰值应变减小;当温度大于20℃或小于-10℃时,应变速率由10-5 s-1增加到10-2 s-1,温度对抗压强度和弹性模量的影响逐渐减小,该研究提出的温度影响因子经验公式较好地反映了抗压强度和弹性模量随温度变化的规律。在-20~0℃温度区间,抗压强度和弹性模量的动态增强因子随应变速率呈线性增长;在0~30℃温度区间,抗压强度和弹性模量的动态增强因子随应变速率呈非线性增长。在此基础之上,基于时温等效原理,建立了沥青混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量的计算模型。该模型考虑了温度和应变速率对沥青混凝土的共同作用,与试验结果吻合较好。     

加载速率对关节软骨变形特性影响的研究

通过对不同加载速率下关节软骨变形特性的研究,探讨关节软骨在异常应力下的损伤机制。在UMT-2多功能试验机上开展三种加载速率下关节软骨的压缩试验,并建立相应的有限元模型。在线性加载下,关节软骨的弹性模量随应变经历了先急剧下降后缓慢增加的变化;有限元模拟的应变与试验测定的应变的偏差低于0.025;当加载速率为0.01MPa/s和0.0067MPa/s时,软骨弹性模量和孔隙压力的差异较小,但与加载速率0.02MPa/s对应的弹性模量和孔隙压力的差异较为显著。加载速率对软骨变形和孔隙压力有着显著影响,但当加载速率低于某一值时,软骨变形对加载速率的依赖性降低,其研究结果有助于深入理解在异常应力速率下关节软骨的损伤机制。     

橡胶粉改性水泥沥青砂浆的研究

采用橡胶粉改性水泥沥青(CA)砂浆,并对其力学性能进行了重点测试。结果表明,随着橡胶粉替加入量的增加,CA砂浆早期强度呈减小趋势,但28天强度则相反;抗压强度均随温度的升高而减小,且随加载速率的增大而增大;橡胶粉越多,CA砂浆对温度的敏感性降低,且加载速率对其抗压强度的影响减小。     

冻融循环后粉煤灰陶粒混凝土定侧压下的强度和变形性能试验研究

利用混凝土静、动三轴试验系统,完成了粉煤灰陶粒混凝土立方体试件在4组不同冻融循环次数、4种恒定侧压下的双轴压压强度和变形性能试验。考察了不同侧压应力水平下试件的破坏形态和试件表面裂缝分布及走向特征。测量了4种侧压应力水平下的极限抗压强度及两个加载方向的应变值,并根据试验结果系统分析了定侧压下粉煤灰陶粒混凝土双轴压压极限强度和变形性能(包括峰值应变、应力-应变关系曲线、弹性模量)随冻融循环次数和侧压应力水平的变化规律,建立了考虑冻融循环次数和侧压应力水平的主应力空间的双轴压压强度准则,为寒冷海洋环境条件下粉煤灰陶粒混凝土结构在经受双轴压压荷载作用时的强度分析提供试验和理论依据。     

镭射BOPP基膜循环拉伸力学性能的试验研究

目的 为研究双向拉伸聚丙烯（Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene,BOPP）薄膜在重复拉伸使用后的弹性模量变化以及应变变化趋势。方法 以26μm BOPP薄膜为研究对象,以1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4N为最大加载力分别进行加载周期为15次的单轴循环拉伸试验,总结对比循环次数以及加载力对弹性模量及棘轮应变的影响,分析薄膜性能变化趋势。结果 通过对比同一加载应力不同循环下的弹性模量以及棘轮应变,发现在预设加载力下随着循环次数增加,薄膜弹性模量呈增大趋势,且增大幅度逐渐减小,其棘轮应变与弹性模量变化趋势一致;通过取均值对比不同加载力下的弹性模量以及棘轮应变变化,发现薄膜弹性模量随加载力增大而先增大后减小,最大应变以及最小应变均随加载力的增加而增大。结论 通过试验研究得出了BOPP薄膜在循环拉伸中弹性模量及棘轮应变随加载力、循环次数增大的变化趋势;对薄膜性能变化有了一定的预测,并为实际加工中的张力选择提供了指导性建议。     

2D和2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料加载速率效应和应力-应变行为模拟

对A、B、C三种工艺制备的2D和2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料进行了准静态拉伸试验,试验采用的加载速率分别为0.02mm/min、0.2mm/min、1mm/min、5mm/min、25mm/min、125mm/min。获得了不同加载速率下,2D和2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料的应力-应变曲线。基于所获得试验结果,讨论了加载速率对2D和2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料力学性能产生影响的原因。试验结果表明:A、B工艺的2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料对加载速率的变化不敏感;C工艺的2D编织陶瓷基复合材料对加载速率变化不敏感,而A工艺的2D编织陶瓷基复合材料对加载速率变化较为敏感,随着加载速率的增加,材料的初始弹性模量有较大程度的增大,破坏应变有所减小。基于基体强度分布理论,模拟了对加载速率不敏感的2D编织陶瓷基复合材料在拉伸载荷下的应力-应变行为。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.