H3BO3对化学共沉淀法制备Sr4Al14O25∶Eu2+、Dy3+的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备Sr4Al14O25∶Eu2+、Dy3+长余辉发光粉体.研究了H3BO3的加入对粉体的相组成,晶体结构,发光性能与长余辉特性的影响.结果表明,加入的H3BO3大部分不进入晶格,作为助熔剂有利于Sr4Al14O25相的形成,一小部分H3BO3进入晶格中取代Al3+离子并且对Sr4Al14O25∶Eu2+、Dy3+长余辉发光粉体的发光性能与长余辉特性都有显著的提高, 然而过量的H3BO3加入则会降低粉体的长余辉特性, 本实验所获得H3BO3合适的添加量为0.7mol.     

H3BO3对化学共沉淀法制备Sr4Al14O25：Eu^2＋、Dy^3＋的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备Sr4Al14O25:Eu^2 、Dy^3 长余辉发光粉体。研究了H3BO3的加入对粉体的相组成，晶体结构，发光性能与长余辉特性的影响。结果表明．加入的H3BO3大部分不进入晶格．作为助熔剂有利于Sr4Al14O25相的形成．一小部分H3BO3进入晶格中取代Al^3 离子并且对Sr4Al14O25:Eu^2 、Dy^3 长余辉发光粉体的发光性能与长余辉特性都有显著的提高．然而过量的H3BO3加入则会降低粉体的长余辉特性．本实验所获得H3BO3合适的添加量为0．7mol。     

长余辉夜光材料Sr4Al14O25:（Eu,Dy）的制备及性能优化（英文）

利用固相反应法制备了Sr4Al14O25:(Eu2+,Dy3+)长余辉夜光材料,并研究了H3BO3含量、固相反应温度和Eu含量对Sr4Al14O25:(Eu2+,Dy3+)长余辉夜光材料性能的影响.实验结果表明,H3BO3含量对蓝绿发射的Sr4Al14O25相的形成至关重要.在固相反应温度为1400℃,H3BO3含量为10at%,Eu/Al原子比为0.03的优化条件下,获得了发射波长为490 nm,余辉时间长达24 h以上的Sr4Al14O25夜光粉.发光强度与Eu含量的关系证明,Sr4Al14O25相的蓝绿发射过程主要受电子从深陷阱到Eu2+能级的转移速度的控制.     

硼酸对蓝色铝酸锶长余辉材料的物相及发光特性的影响

采用高温固相法制备了xSrO·yAl2O3:Eu2+,Dy3++m%(摩尔分数)(H3BO3)(m=15,20,23,25,30,35)系列蓝色光致发光材料。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明:m=15～20之间产品为SrAl2O4,Sr2Al6O11和Sr4Al14O25的混合物,m=23时产品主相为Sr2Al6O11,m=25～35之间产品主相为Sr4Al14O25。利用荧光分光光度计和亮度计研究了材料的发射光谱,衰减曲线,结果显示:随着硼酸量的增加,发射峰值先蓝移后红移,而余辉时间则逐渐变长。从而得到了制备蓝色铝酸锶发光材料Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+,Dy3+的最佳硼酸量,并且对硼酸在材料合成过程中的作用机理进行了探讨。     

铝锶比对xSrO·yAl_2O_3:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)发光性能的影响

系统研究了Eu2+、Dy3+共激活的铝酸锶长余辉发光材料的发光特性与Al/Sr比例的关系,采用高温固相法合成了Al/Sr从1.8到2.7一系列样品,分别利用XRD、荧光分光光度计对材料的物相和发光特性进行了测试和分析,结果表明:基质的物相按SrAl2O4→Sr2Al6O11→Sr4Al14O25的顺序变化,样品的相组成呈明显的过渡性变化,导致样品的发光颜色随Al/Sr比例的增大,从黄绿光向短波长方向移动,先变成蓝光最终到达蓝绿光。     

不同结构稀土掺杂铝酸锶的合成与发光性能研究

采用燃烧法成功合成了稀土掺杂铝酸锶长余辉发光材料.XRD结果表明,当铝锶n(Al)∶n(Sr)=2时,发光基质中只存在SrAl2O4相结构.随着Al∶Sr比值的增大,出现新相Sr4Al14O25.当Al∶Sr比值增大到4时, SrAl12O19相开始形成.而Al∶Sr比值增大到12时,全部为SrAl12O19相.光致发光测量结果表明,发光样品SrAl2O4∶Eu2 ,Dy3 发射谱峰值位于519nm,而发光样品SrAl12O19∶Eu2 ,Dy3 的发射峰位于512nm.余辉检测结果表明,不同结构铝酸锶发光样品的衰减都是由初始的快衰减过程和其后的慢衰减过程组成,但是不同结构铝酸锶发光样品的初始亮度和发光衰减快慢不同.     

煅烧温度对红色长余辉发光材料Sr_3Al_2O_6:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉发光材料,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对材料的物相进行了分析,采用荧光分光光度计、照度计测定了样品的发光特性。XRD结果表明:随着煅烧温度的升高,SrCO3杂相的衍射峰越来越弱,Sr3Al2O6相的衍射峰越来越强,1200℃时发光基质为纯的Sr3Al2O6相,1250℃时出现新的SrAl2O4杂相。激发光谱和发射光谱结果表明:长余辉发光材料的激发峰位于473nm,发射峰位于612nm,归属于Eu2+的4f65d1→4f7特征发光。温度升至1250℃时,Eu2+的发射峰为612nm和520nm,后者归属于Eu2+在发光基质SrAl2O4中的发光。综合分析得制备Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+,Dy3+发光材料合适的煅烧温度为1200℃,在此温度下,材料具有较好的初始亮度和余辉时间。     

微波法快速合成xSrO·yAl2O3:Eu2+及其光学性能

在微波场作用下快速合成了铝酸锶系列发光材料xSrO·yAl2O3:Eu2 ,并利用XRD对其进行晶相分析,SEM观测晶体形貌,用荧光光度计测其激发光谱和发射光谱.结果表明,随着配料比率中Al2O3的增加,物相组成的转变趋势为由富锶相向富铝相转变:Sr3Al2O6→SrAl2O4→Sr2Al6O11→SrAl4O7,且颗粒直径呈增大的趋势.SrAl2O4的发射峰位于513nm附近的宽带谱,Sr2Al6O11的发射峰位于460nm附近的宽带谱,SrAl4O7的发射峰位于458nm附近的宽带谱.此外,适当的铝过量,会使Eu2 在Sr2Al6O11基质中的发光强度增大.     

SrAl_2O_4:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)发光粉的包覆及其在水性涂料中的应用

采用燃烧法合成Sr Al2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉发光粉,发光粉经硅烷偶联剂A-174表面包覆改性后,再与改性环氧树脂、丙烯酸酯单体聚合反应制备水性发光环氧-丙烯酸酯复合乳液,研究表面包覆对发光粉发光性能影响,并对复合发光乳液进行性能分析。结果表明:燃烧法制备的单个发光粉粒径为100 nm;表面包覆不仅不影响发光粉的余辉性能,而且还可以提高发光粉的耐水性和改善发光粉在复合乳液中的分散性;制备的水性环氧-丙烯酸酯复合发光乳液涂膜具有优良的综合性能和长达18 h的余辉性能。     

一步燃烧法制备铝酸盐长余辉蓄发光材料的研究

通过制备工艺研究,得到基质按4SrO·7Al2O3进行配料的绿色蓄光型发光材料的制备优化工艺Eu2O3摩尔分数为0.02左右,Dy2O3的摩尔分数为0.03左右,B2O3的摩尔分数为0.07～0.1之间,尿素的用量为硝酸盐重量的1.2～1.6倍,温度为800℃.用选择的优化配方及工艺制备铝酸锶铕镝发光体,所得发光体的初始亮度大于2500mcd/m2,在6h后发光体发光亮度仍人眼可辩,材料质轻、易磨.燃烧法制备的Sr4Al14O25Eu2+,Dy3+可用目光到紫外光进行有效激发,发射光谱是一宽带谱,波峰位于520nm左右,样品发蓝绿光,属于Eu2+特征发光.蓄发光材料的粉体结构组成基本为SrAl2O4及SrAl12O19、Sr3Al32O51,产物中还含有SrAl4O7、SrAl2O6等杂相,产物物相与制备过程密切相关.     

Degradation behaviour of sputtered Co–Al coatings on superalloy

Degradation behaviour of sputtered Co–Al coatings on Superni-718 substrate has been investigated. Cyclic high temperature oxidation tests were conducted on uncoated and coated samples at peak temperatures of 900 °C for up to 100 thermal cycles between the peak and room temperatures. The results showed that a dense scale formed on the coated samples during thermal cycling at the peak temperature of 900 °C. The external scale exhibited good spallation resistance during cyclic oxidation testing at both temperatures. The improvement in oxide scale spallation resistance is believed to be related to the fine-grained structure of the coating. Nanostructured Co–Al coatings on Superni-718 substrate were deposited by DC/RF magnetron sputtering. FE-SEM/EDS, AFM, and XRD were used to characterize the morphology and formation of different phases in the coatings, respectively. The Co–Al coating on superalloy substrate showed better performance of cyclic high temperature oxidation resistance due to its possession of β-CoAl phase as Al reservoir and the formation of Al₂O₃ and spinel phases such as CoCr₂O₄ and CoAl₂O₄ in scale. The oxidation results confirmed an improved oxidation resistance of the Co–Al coating on superalloy as compare to bare substrate in air at 900 °C temperature up to 100 cycles.     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

Multiscale homogenization models for the elastic behaviour of metal/ceramic composites with lamellar domains

This study predicts the elastic properties of an innovative metal–ceramic composite with statistically oriented domains of parallel ceramic platelets embedded in a eutectic Al–Si-alloy. For this purpose, a two-step homogenization procedure was employed by finite element- and micromechanical modelling. In a first step, the microstructure of the specimen was divided in domains with the same orientation of lamellae and the elastic properties of single domains were calculated while a precise representation of the shape of the lamellae was attempted. In a second step the elastic constants of a large specimen consisting of many domains were computed both by finite element and micromechanical modelling. The experimental Young’s modulus of such poly-domain specimens was determined by an acoustic resonance method and was lower than predicted. The differences can be explained by microcracks caused by large residual microstresses produced in these materials when they are cooled from the manufacturing temperature.     

SiO2/Si(111)表面Ge量子点的生长研究

Si衬底用化学方法清洗后,表面大约残余1.0 nm厚SiO2薄膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和反射高能电子衍射(RHEED)来研究温度和Ge蒸发厚度对在SiO2薄膜表面生长的Ge量子点的影响.实验结果表明,当衬底温度超过500 ℃时,SiO2开始与Ge原子发生化学反应,并形成与Si(111)表面直接外延的Ge量子点.在650 ℃时,只有Ge的厚度达到0.5nm时,Ge量子点才开始形成.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) electrospun fibers

Ultrafine fibers of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (CS/PVA/PVP) were prepared via electrospinning. The structure and morphology of CS/PVA/PVP ultrafine fibers was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the effects of the concentration of PVA, PVP and the electrospinning voltage on the morphology of ultrafine fibers were investigated the the SEM. When the concentration of PVA was at the range of 30wt%–40wt%, ultrafine fibers could be obtained. The diameter distributions of ultrafine fibers decreased when the electrospinning voltage increased from 20 to 30 kV. The rough surface fibers could be obtained after etching with CHCl₃.     

Film boiling on a vertical plate in subcooled helium II

Film boiling heat transfer coefficients were measured on 10, 30 and 50 mm long vertical plates in subcooled He II for bulk liquid temperatures from 1.8 to 2.1 K. A film boiling model on a vertical plate in subcooled He II was presented based on convection heat transport in the vapor film, radiation heat transport, and heat transport in He II. The numerical solutions of the model were obtained and an equation which can express the numerical solutions within ±5% difference was derived. The equation predicted well the experimental data for lower ΔT range but significantly under-predicted the data for higher ΔT. A correlation of film boiling heat transfer including radiation contribution was presented by modifying the equation based the experimental data. This correlation can describe the experimental data within ±20% difference.     

A capacitance based axial position sensor for cryocoolers

The recent development of a Stirling cryocooler designed to operate with a body temperature of less than 220 K required an axial motor position sensor which could operate over this temperature range. Although linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs), have traditionally been used, these are temperature dependent and would have required development due to integrated electronics, which could not be used at these low temperatures. A sensor was therefore developed based on the principle of measuring the capacitance between static and moving concentric rings. The design is presented along with the signal conditioning circuit. Experimental results show that the sensor had suitable bandwidth with a temperature independent gain between room temperature and 220 K. Future developments are described including a similar sensor to measure the radial motion of a motor during operation.     

HVOF sprayed WC–Co coatings: Microstructure,mechanical properties and friction moment prediction

This study aims at gaining a better understanding of the microstructural features that control the mechanical and the tribological performances of WC–12 wt.% Co coatings under High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spraying conditions. This paper looks at the influences of the HVOF process parameters for WC–12Co material on the microstructural and the tribological behaviours of the coatings. The correlation between the coating microstructure and the wear behaviour is investigated by observing and analysing the microstructure and by studying the friction moment using enhanced statistical tool based on neural computations. According to the experimental and the numerical results, it has been shown that the spray parameters affect the phase composition, hardness and porosity of HVOF sprayed WC–12Co coatings and the correlations with HVOF process parameters are fully predictable in the steady-state regime.     

Effect of a novel thixoforming process on the microstructure and fracture behavior of A356 aluminum alloy

In the present study, a novel thixoforming process for semi-solid deformation of A356 aluminum alloy is introduced using a continuous hot deformation process to the temperature being lower than the eutectic temperature of the alloy. A new hypothesis was introduced and the deformation mechanism of the alloy was investigated using the presented hypothesis. Microstructure and fracture surfaces of thixoformed samples were investigated using image analyzing technique and scanning electron microscopy. Obtained results indicated that this novel thixoforming process produces fine and compact silicon particles, dispersed uniformly in the microstructure of the alloy, compared to those produced by conventional thixoforming and gravity-cast processes with large and integrated morphology for silicon particles. The production stages of these silicon particles in this process were well documented by mentioned hypothesis. In order to investigate the effect of this novel process on mechanical properties of A356 alloy, tensile tests were conducted on produced samples. It was found that morphological changes of silicon particles as well as increasing the density ratio of samples in this process have a remarkable effect on enhancing the mechanical properties of produced alloy in comparison with other production routes. A new combination parameter, i.e. silicon density ratio (SDR) index was introduced. This parameter correlates the mechanical properties of samples to morphological properties of silicon particles and density ratio of them. Results of the study also indicated that samples with low SDR index have superior mechanical properties and consequently intergranular fracture mode.     

N—(对硝基苯基)—N’—(甲氧基羰基)硫脲及其铜(Ⅰ)配合物的NMR研究

利用~1H—~1H COSY,HMQC等2D NMR技术对一种新的配体N—(对硝基苯基)—N’—(甲氧基羰基)硫脲(H_2pmt(Ⅰ)进行~1H、~(13)C NMR谱数据分析与归属;对于它与Cu~+离子配位的化合物Cu(H_2pmt)_2Cl(2)也作了~1H、~(13)C NMR的测定,归属了它们的所有谱线,对于它们的化学位移与配位行为作了简单讨论。