聚苯胺的电化学方法制备与表征

于有机/无机酸的混合电解液环境中,采用循环伏安方法,掺杂态聚苯胺在不锈钢表面被聚合并成膜。交流阻抗、傅立叶红外光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计、同步热分析仪的测试表明:不同质子酸掺杂所得的聚苯胺薄膜颜色有所不同;聚合过程中的循环伏安曲线均有对应的特征氧化还原峰,但其峰的数目及对应电位值因电解液中氢离子浓度及掺杂酸的阴离子性质不同而有所变化;酸的种类和浓度还影响聚苯胺的防腐性能;有机/无机酸混合掺杂所得的聚苯胺热稳定性和有机溶解性较单一酸掺杂聚苯胺热稳定性和溶解性有很大的提高,尤其是有机磺酸的掺杂,使得产品溶解性和热稳定性效果更好。     

本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯驻极体复合过滤材料的制备与性能

为研究本征态聚苯胺对非织造过滤材料的驻极性能和过滤性能的影响,制备具有良好性能的非织造复合材料。采用原位聚合法制备了本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯(PANI/PP)复合材料,通过SEM扫描电镜对复合材料的表面形态进行了表征,测试分析及比较本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯(PANI/PP)复合材料和PP材料电晕驻极后的表面静电势和电荷储存性能及过滤性能。实验结果表明,本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯(PANI/PP)复合材料具有较好的驻极性能,本征态聚苯胺(PANI)能够大幅提升聚丙烯(PP)材料的表面静电势,同时在最佳驻极条件下本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯(PANI/PP)复合材料比聚丙烯(PP)材料的电荷储存性能更加稳定,电荷保留率为60%左右,且过滤效率高出20%左右。     

甲磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的制备和表征

在低温和室温条件下制备了本征态聚苯胺,采用超声波分散制备了本征态聚苯胺薄膜,用甲磺酸掺杂制备了聚苯胺导电薄膜。用紫外光谱、红外光谱表征了聚苯胺的化学结构;用X光电子能谱分析了薄膜表面主要元素含量和化学态,得到薄膜掺杂率[SO3-]/[N]为0.57左右,在一定范围内,几乎不受聚苯胺分子量的影响。     

酸性磷酸酯掺杂剂的合成及对聚苯胺水分散液稳定性的影响

为了深入研究掺杂剂对聚苯胺水分散液稳定性的影响,通过将不同摩尔比的二乙二醇单甲醚(DEGME)与三氯氧磷(POCl3)反应合成一系列带有短链乙氧基的酸性磷酸酯掺杂剂。在酸性条件下,采用过硫酸铵氧化法制备聚苯胺,经氨水脱掺杂获得本征态聚苯胺;并用傅立叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱对磷酸酯掺杂剂和聚苯胺的结构进行了表征。将所合成的磷酸酯掺杂剂与本征态或掺杂态聚苯胺混合,研究确定聚苯胺在水中具有最佳分散效果时所对应的POCl3和DEGME的摩尔比。结果表明:当POCl3和DEGME的摩尔比为1∶4时,制备的磷酸酯掺杂聚苯胺的分散稳定性最好。此外,带有短链乙氧基的酸性磷酸酯掺杂本征态聚苯胺比掺杂导电聚苯胺的分散效果好。     

掺杂聚苯胺的表面接枝共聚改性

化学氧化法制备的聚苯胺表面的亲水性差，本文在本征态和不同酸掺杂志聚苯胺的表面上接枝共聚丙烯丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺，明显地改善了聚苯胺的表面亲水性。结果显示，聚苯胺表面经过等离子体处理后，有利于丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺在聚苯胺表面上的接枝共聚，随着接枝量增多，导电率则随之有所下降，此外，利用ＳＥＭ和反射ＩＲ表征了改性反聚苯胺表面的形态和结构。     

聚苯胺防腐蚀涂料研究进展

介绍了聚苯胺防腐涂料的研究进展及不同的防腐机理.综述了聚苯胺掺杂态和本征态的防腐性能,以及不同涂层体系的防腐性能.     

本征态聚苯胺对45钢的腐蚀防护性能

聚苯胺对金属防腐蚀有较好的效果,本征态聚苯胺对金属的防腐蚀性目前研究较少.采用化学氧化法合成了本征态聚苯胺(EB),以动电位扫描法研究了不同介质溶液中EB对45钢的腐蚀防护性能.XRD图谱分析表明,所合成的EB具有一定的结晶性,在2θ=19.18°处有一很强的衍射峰,在2θ=24.4°处出现了一较弱的衍射峰.极化曲线表明,涂覆有本征态聚苯胺的45钢的腐蚀电流减小,腐蚀速度降低;EB对45钢有一定的防腐蚀作用.     

本征态高分子导电防腐涂料的研究进展

以聚苯胺、聚吡咯和聚噻吩等导电高分子制备的本征态导电涂料具有高的导电性和性价比,应用前景和开发价值广阔。介绍了本征态高分子导电涂料的最新进展和研究现状,并对其存在的问题进行了讨论,在此基础上对本征态高分子导电涂料的前景进行了展望。     

聚苯胺的抗菌性及其机制

进行了聚苯胺溶出液、聚苯胺粉末和聚苯胺复合漆膜的抗菌性实验,用FT-IR检测了溶出液的成分,研究了本征态聚苯胺和掺杂态聚苯胺对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和枯草芽孢菌的抗菌性能及其随作用时间的变化,研究了与聚苯胺作用前后细菌的形貌变化以及聚苯胺的抗菌机制。     

手性聚苯胺的制备及其电磁学性能研究

采用二次掺杂法制备了具有手征特性的聚苯胺,利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、圆二色谱仪(CD)和紫外一可见光分光光度计(UV-vis)等分析手段对聚苯胺的结构、性能和手征特性进行了表征.结果表明,通过过硫酸铵作引发剂、盐酸掺杂获得了导电的盐酸掺杂态聚苯胺(PANI-HCI);通过氨水脱掺杂后得到本征态聚苯胺(EB),EB通过手性樟脑磺酸(CSA)诱导,形成了手征性螺旋构型聚苯胺.电磁性能测试表明,与非手性聚苯胺相比,手性聚苯胺具有较优越的吸波性能.     

The conductive polyaniline/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite fabrics

Conductive composite fabrics were prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics in the aqueous hydrochloride acid solutions using potassium dichromate as the oxidant. The effect of the polymerization conditions such as temperature, oxidant, aniline and hydrochloride acid concentrations was investigated on the electrical surface resistance and polyaniline (PAn) content of PAn/PET composite fabrics. The maximum PAn content and the lower electrical resistance of composite fabrics were observed at the HCl concentrations of 0.25 M and 1.5 M, respectively. The electrical surface resistance of the PAn/PET composite fabrics was decreased under vacuum five-fold more than the ones kept under in air. The properties of PAn/PET composite fabrics such as density, diameter and moisture regain were also investigated in comparison with the those of pure PET. The conductive composite fabrics were characterized by surface resistance, FTIR and TGA techniques.     

Interfacial polymerization to high-quality polyacrylamide/polyaniline composite hydrogels

Conducting polymer hydrogels composed of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and polyaniline (PAn) have been successfully synthesized through the interfacial polymerization. Compared to the conventional preparation methods, the interfacial polymerization is much more economical and effective because the PAn formed at the water/organic-solvent interface assembles spontaneously and exclusively into the PAAm hydrogel. In contrast to conventional materials, the resulting PAAm/PAn composite hydrogel exhibits high qualities including homogeneous structure, enhanced mechanical toughness, high electrical conductivity and the ability to reversibly interconvert between the doped and dedoped states. As-described interfacial polymerization for the fabrication of conducting polymer hydrogels does not depend on specific kinds of organic solvents or acid dopants.     

界面聚合法合成有机酸掺杂聚苯胺结构与性能研究

以苯胺为单体,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,分别以乙酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸、十二烷基苯磺酸为掺杂酸,通过界面聚合法成功制备了有机酸掺杂聚苯胺,对其导电性能、溶解性能进行评价,对其化学结构、晶型结构和微观结构进行分析。结果表明:当苯胺与掺杂酸摩尔比为1∶2时电导率普遍较好,约为(1.73～2.43)×10-4S/cm;有机酸掺杂聚苯胺在极性溶剂中溶解性较好;FT-IR分析结果证明有机酸对聚苯胺进行了成功掺杂;XRD结果说明聚苯胺在2θ=6°的衍射峰受掺杂酸尺寸影响较大,且对聚苯胺的微观形貌具有显著影响。     

An investigation on synthesis and photocatalytic activity of polyaniline sensitized nanocrystalline TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composites

Polyaniline (PAn) sensitized nanocrystalline TiO₂ composite photocatalyst (PAn/TiO₂) with high activity and easy separation was facilely prepared by in situ chemical oxidation of aniline from the surfaces of the TiO₂ nanoparticles. The morphology, structure, and light absorption properties of composite photocatalyst were examined in term of its application to photocatalysis. The photocatalytic activity of PAn/TiO₂ nanocomposites for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution was investigated and compared with pure TiO₂. The spectra analyses illustrated that, when PAn deposited on the surface of TiO₂, the crystalline behavior of PAn was hampered and the degree of crystallinity decreased, and the characteristic peaks of the PAn were shifted indicating that there was a strong interaction between PAn and TiO₂ nanoparticles. PAn was able to sensitize TiO₂ efficiently and the composite photocatalyst could be activated by absorbing both the ultraviolet and visible light (λ = 190–800 nm), whereas pure TiO₂ absorbed ultraviolet light only (λ < 400 nm). Photocatalytic experiments showed that under natural light irradiation, MB could be degraded more efficiently on the PAn/TiO₂ than on the pure TiO₂, due to the charge transfer from PAn to TiO₂ and efficient separation of e⁻-h⁺ pairs on the interface of PAn and TiO₂ in the excited state. More significantly, the PAn/TiO₂ composite photocatalyst exhibited easy separation and less deactivation after several runs. The advantages of the obtained PAn/TiO₂ composite photocatalyst revealed its great practical potential in wastewater treatment.     

粉煤灰漂珠@BaTiO_3@PAn的制备及其电流变性能

聚苯胺(PAn)作为电流变材料具有响应快、屈服应力大的特点,但因其良好的导电性能导致漏电击穿现象发生,为了进一步增加PAn的悬浮稳定性,引入了粉煤灰漂珠(FAFB),BaTiO_3作为经典的电介质材料也引入其中以进一步提高材料的介电性能。采用逐层包覆的思路,利用溶胶-凝胶法在漂珠表面包覆BaTiO_3,获得FAFB@BaTiO_3,再利用原位聚合法制备以FAFB@BaTiO_3为核、PAn为壳的结构复合材料即FAFB@BaTiO_3@PAn。利用FTIR、XRD和SEM对材料的结构与形貌进行分析,借助四探针技术和LCR数字电桥对材料的导电与介电性能进行分析,利用自组装电流变仪进行了电流变特性测试,考察了7d内的悬浮稳定性能。结果表明:BaTiO_3、PAn确实发生了逐层包覆,且电导率、介电常数、介电损耗和剪切应力均符合复合效应规律,介于PAn与FAFB@BaTiO_3之间,其中,剪切应力可达675Pa(电场强度为3.0kV/mm);漏电现象得到缓解,击穿电压提高了20%;比较悬浮稳定性发现,7d后FAFB@BaTiO_3@PAn悬浮率仍为82%。     

有机导电聚苯胺复合膜的合成及其性能研究

通过膜相渗透化学原位聚合法,得到了具有良好力学性能和优于基体膜微孔结构形态的Pan/CA复合导电膜.并系统地研究了聚合过程中掺杂酸浓度、苯胺单体与过硫酸胺摩尔比、反应时间和反应温度对膜表观形态和导电性能及CO2/O2分离性能的影响,获得了制备较优性能的Pan/CA复合导电膜的最佳适宜条件.     

压力对导电高聚物聚苯胺性质影响的研究

压力对高分子材料的合成和性质有重要影响,对高分子材料采用压力处理是一种有效的改性手段.介绍了聚苯胺在压力下的制备方法,以及压力对聚苯胺的结构和光电特性的影响,并给出了理论解释.最后,介绍了聚苯胺在压力作用下的应用及前景.     

聚苯胺/氧化石墨的合成及其在DNA识别上的应用

采用层离/吸附和原位聚合相结合的方法合成了聚苯胺/氧化石墨复合材料（PAn/GO）.利用TEM、AFM、XRD、FTIR等方法对PAn/GO的结构和电化学性能进行了研究.以PAn/GO修饰炭糊电极为工作电极,采用方波伏安法（SWV）检测了单链小牛胸腺DNA（CTssDNA）和双链小牛胸腺DNA（CTdsDNA）.研究结果表明：PAn/GO为当量直径约60 nm～70 nm的扁球状纳米颗粒,这些纳米颗粒呈链状聚集,并具有电化学活性;聚苯胺（PAn）以双层平行排列的方式嵌入氧化石墨层间和包覆在氧化石墨表面两种形式与氧化石墨结合;PAn/GO修饰炭糊电极识别单链小牛胸腺DNA（CTssDNA）和双链小牛胸腺DNA（CTdsDNA）时的峰电位分别为90.99 mV和18.00 mV.     

纳米ZnO/聚苯胺复合材料的制备与表征

通过溶胶 凝胶法和O/W型乳液聚合法制备了经过十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (SDBS)修饰的纳米ZnO粉体和纳米ZnO/聚苯胺 (PAn)的复合材料 ,并进行了形貌、结构和性质的表征与分析。结果表明 ,纳米氧化锌晶形为六方晶系球形结构 ,粒径平均为 2 5nm。而纳米ZnO/PAn的复合材料也呈现出特殊的红外吸收特性 ,在 170 0cm- 1～ 330 0cm- 1出现 1个较强的吸收峰 ,同时因纳米ZnO的加入而使聚苯胺各特征峰振动强度均增强 ,所以可得出 ,纳米ZnO的掺杂对聚苯胺的红外光谱的影响较大     

A novel bilayer film material composed of polyaniline and poly(methylene blue)

Electrically conducting polyaniline(PAn)/poly(methylene blue)(PMB) bilayer film was prepared by electrochemical polymerization of methylene blue on the PAn-coated Pt working electrode. The bilayer film electrode exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of methanol than PAn electrode and PMB electrode in neutral and alkaline solutions. FTIR spectroscopy reveals PAn-unit is a main unit in the structure of the bilayer film. In addition, the PAn/PMB bilayer film has also been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), respectively.