基于技术中介论的交互设计跨情境分析框架

目的 对人与产品的交互关系进行概念化、结构化,并给出交互体验的解释模式,以支持交互设计实践。方法 基于后现象学人—物—世界的“互为塑造论”,分析了一种基于交互关系的跨情境框架。结果 该框架将用户、产品、情境置于一个动态连续体中,区分了具身、解释、他者、背景四类交互关系及其体验特征。结论 本框架从整体上回应了人与产品交互的生成性、体验性、扩展性的特点,不仅使用户体验、交互情境、原型设计的构建和验证变得清晰,而且还着重关注混合物理空间,为物联网和智能产品设计提供了思路。     

汽车语音交互模型及设计策略

目的 在智能技术飞速发展、用户需求不断增长的背景下,以用户体验为中心,探索汽车工业“新四化”趋势下的汽车语音交互新形态,重构汽车语音交互模型,针对性地提出交互设计策略。方法 分析车载语音系统与用户之间的信息交流过程,构建汽车语音界面架构和交互模型。通过“新四化”趋势下汽车语音交互在信息主体、信息范围和信息内容等方面的变化综述,运用信息处理流程理论开展汽车语音交互模型和设计策略研究。结果 根据车载语音系统的信息处理流程,提出了以功能层、内容层、形式层、情感层为信息架构的汽车语音界面,构建了基于信息交流的汽车语音交互模型。基于语音界面的信息架构理论,提出了未来的汽车语音交互在功能拓展、内容丰富、形式优化和情感满足等方面的设计策略。结论 从信息交流角度开展的汽车语音交互设计研究,对车载语音系统交互设计和体验优化具有参考意义。     

基于用户体验的产品色彩定向设计方法

目的在明确的定位目标导向下,探索一种更为科学、准确与有效的色彩设计方法,通过产品色彩的定向设计提升用户情感体验。方法明确用户与产品间的色彩交互模式,产品色彩的定向设计基于用户情感层面的色彩交互,具有整体性、互动性与定向性特征,其本质是在色彩形象定位与用户感性需求相一致的前提下,实现色彩语义与用户感知间映射的一致性。建立一致性的定量基础,应用感性工学与量化色彩系统在映射两端完成匹配对象的量化研究,为定向建立一致性提供可行性。结论建立面向行业实际应用的"产品色彩定向设计方法体系",以"定位—定向—定案"为脉络逐层推进完成3个从用户端到设计端的定向研发,形成以提升用户情感体验为核心的产品色彩定向设计方法论。该方法在人工智能设计上应用前景广阔。     

用户感知为导向的儿童康复产品交互体验研究

目的 为提升儿童用户对康复产品的交互体验,提出以用户感知为导向的儿童居家康复产品交互体验评价方法。方法 基于信息加工过程,引入人智学十二感官理论,建立用户感知体验模型;采用问卷调查与眼动追踪相结合的测量方法,获取儿童用户的心理评价与生理指标;应用层次分析法构建产品交互体验评价体系,结合熵权法为各项评价指标赋权并进行综合排序;基于BP神经网络建立康复产品特征要素与儿童用户感知体验偏好的映射关系模型。结果 以儿童家用康复脚踏器为例,验证了模型具有良好的预测效果。结论 通过主客观相结合的方法提高了儿童康复产品交互体验评价系统的科学性。该方法能够有效预测儿童用户的感知体验评价,为该类产品的交互体验设计与评价提供参考。     

基于系统设计思维理念下的交互产品设计研究

目的针对交互设计师在构建交互产品设计时的系统性思维,以用户体验、服务设计理念上的交互产品设计模型为研究对象,创造和优化交互产品设计模式。方法以博物馆交互产品设计为实验样本,基于系统设计思维理念,将交互产品设计置于用户体验、服务设计理念、情景设计理念分析中,阐释基于系统思维的交互产品情感化特征,包括用户情感需求和产品服务生态系统,以及心智模型与概念模型的关系和视觉系统呈现,阐释产品交互界面的数据动态可视化、虚拟现实的游戏化、服务式设计等方式。结论探索了用户体验、服务设计理念在交互产品设计中的应用,提出了"目标—建模—行为—体验"的综合层级的系统模式,有利于满足产品经理和交互设计师开展交互产品设计的需求,提升用户体验和交互产品的优化设计,在系统设计思维理论下,优化了交互产品设计感知行为、情感体验行为,实现了引导转换和系统改良,提升了设计策略的时效性。     

品牌特征到产品造型的映射研究

目的实现品牌特征到产品造型的映射。方法通过模型构成法和特征层级传递法,基于格式塔和认知理论,对品牌特征要素和产品构成要素的关系进行分析。结论要实现品牌特征到产品造型的映射,产品理念是映射的重要节点,而产品理念中文化层到语义层的特征映射是基础,语义特征到造型特征的映射是关键。基于语义层提炼出核心语义,通过核心语义归纳出产品造型的整体特征,利用图像的相似性得出造型的部件特征和细节特征等,在认知的框架下实现语义特征到造型特征的一致性表达,构建出品牌特征到产品造型的映射关系,对企业品牌的塑造和产品造型的品牌表达具有借鉴意义。     

基于用户体验的数控压力机触摸式交互界面设计

目的 将基于用户体验的设计理念与方法扩展到工业数控压力机的触摸式交互界面领域,以实际案例来验证用户体验理论,为工业数控的人机界面设计提供参考。方法 以江苏兴锻的数控压力机触摸式交互界面为案例,采用用户访谈、实地观察、问卷调查等方法,对此数控压力机触摸式交互界面在方太车间的实际使用情况进行用户研究。从用户体验五要素出发对界面进行优化,并通过用户研究,分析系统战略层存在的问题。用Kano模型明确范围层,基于用户分类对结构层进行重塑,优化框架层的结构布局和信息层级,将表现层的内容规范化、可视化,最终进行形成性可用性测试后上线。结论 区别于互联网产品“小步快跑,快速迭代”的模式,较多数控机床软界面的设计仍停留在满足基本功能的层面上,缺少以用户为中心的设计思维导入。本次设计实践在用户研究的基础上,重新构建数控压力机的触摸式交互界面,为同类工业控制界面的设计提供指导。     

基于FBS模型扩展的儿童玩教具创新设计研究

目的 在细分用户认知特征的基础上,以全面的"用户认知—产品要素"之间的交互过程和交互方式为导向,构建面向儿童认知行为特征的玩教具创新设计的过程模型,提出玩教具创新设计方法.方法 从"用户认知—产品要素"交互过程出发,在FBS(Function-Behavior-Structure)创新设计模型的基础上引入了"认知"变量,构建了RCFBS(Requirement-Cognition-Function-Behavior-Structure)创新设计模型及其扩展模型.在此基础上分析了玩教具的创新条件和思维类型,提出融合了产品语义网络模型的玩教具创新设计实用方法.结论 以一个儿童玩教具设计项目为示例,展示FBS模型扩展的玩教具创新设计模型的方法.创新设计过程面向儿童玩教具,结合RCFBS设计过程模型,总结儿童玩教具语义网络模型扩散过程,通过儿童玩教具创新设计示例,为儿童玩教具创新设计实践提供参考.     

青少年学习场景下的智能产品体验设计研究

目的以青少年学习者为目标用户,从场景角度对学习型智能产品的体验设计进行分析,为此类智能产品的设计提供新路径。方法通过对目标用户及典型学习场景进行研究,获取青少年的学习习惯、行为以及需求等因素,以此为基础构建智能学习系统的概念原型,探究其中的体验要素。结论面向青少年的智能产品应具有系统化与场景化的特征,其概念原型有分离式、集成式以及增强式等类型,从实体界面要素、语音交互要素、手势交互要素以及光效要素等方面对产品的体验要素进行分析。     

家庭智能产品的主动交互设计研究

目的 分析AI介入产品带给人机交互方式的转变,从被动交互到强迫式主动交互以及主动交互,对比智能产品交互形式及其差异,剖析智能产品主动性的研究,提出家庭智能产品主动交互形式及设计注意要点,以及智能体DNA双螺旋四联体主动交互设计模型。在人口老龄化社会背景下,结合智能产品潜在的大量用户,即老年群体为例,提升智能产品的使用效率。方法 对智能产品交互形式进行文献研究与对比研究,采用问卷分析法、用户访谈法及非参与式观察法等,结合实际案例进行分析。结论 智能产品交互系统分为被动交互、强迫式主动交互和主动交互,且在人机交互起点、主动权、数据驱动与AI决策等方面存在差异,家庭智能产品功能与内容的主动性服务,能够提高人机沟通的连贯性,有效帮助老年用户提升使用效率与体验。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.