脱硫石膏的资源综合利用

一、脱硫石膏在节能减排中的重要作用 我国是以煤炭为主要能源的国家。我国大气污染属煤烟型污染，主要污染物是二氧化硫和烟尘。     

发展煤炭深加工是国家能源战略需要

<正>自"十二五"初期我国产业化、规模化推进煤炭深加工工程示范以来,担忧和质疑之声一直不断,其主要观点可以归纳为以下几个方面:一是扩大了高碳高污的煤炭消费。煤炭既不低碳也不环保。煤炭CO2排放系数为2.66吨/吨标煤,是化石能源中最高的(石油和天然气分别为2.11和1.63吨/吨标煤)。煤炭燃烧也是二氧化硫、氮氧化物等大气污染物的主要来源。煤炭深加工会增加煤炭消费,不利于CO2减排和生态环境     

国家能源局监管总监详解为何推进煤炭深加工工程示范

正自"十二五"初期我国产业化、规模化推进煤炭深加工工程示范以来,担忧和质疑之声一直不断,其主要观点可以归纳为以下几个方面:一是扩大了高碳高污的煤炭消费。煤炭既不低碳也不环保。煤炭二氧化碳排放系数为2.66吨/吨标煤,是化石能源中最高的(石油和天然气分别为2.11和1.63吨/吨标煤)。煤炭燃烧也是二氧化硫、氮氧化物等大气污染物的主要来源。煤炭深加工会增加煤炭消费,不利于二氧化碳减排和生态环境保护目标的实现。二是国际油气价格低且供大于求。2014年以来,国际油气价格大幅下降,市场供需形势     

中国中长期能源发展的环境挑战与战略对策

分析了中国能源开发利用产生的环境问题,指出煤炭生产和使用造成的环境损失为185.6元/t煤。分析了未来40年能源发展面临的CO2排放控制、污染物排放总量约束、能源开采生态保护以及新能源技术的不确定性等环境挑战,提出了在有效改善环境质量、减少温室气体排放的前提下,实现能源中长期可持续发展的目标和指标,定量分析了大气污染物排放总量控制对煤炭消费总量可能产生的约束,提出了实施绿色低碳能源发展的战略措施与政策建议。     

大力发展热电联产是改善乌鲁木齐大气污染的关键

本文从乌鲁木齐大气空气污染特征及其相应的乌鲁木齐市能源消费构成等方面，探讨了乌鲁木齐市大气环境污染及其产生大气空气污染的成因。同时浅析了改善乌鲁木齐大气污染的主要措施。     

浅析煤炭深加工技术及应用

煤炭在我国能源生产与消费结构中一直占主导地位。煤炭的开发和加工利用已经成为我国环境污染物排放的主要来源。因此,本文通过介绍和分析煤炭深加工的两种具体技术以及在工业生产中的应用,旨在提高我国煤炭能源利用率。     

燃煤工业锅炉污染物特征及节能途径浅析——以辽河油田某锅炉房为例

我国是能源消费结构以煤为主的国家,以煤炭为燃料的工业锅炉是大气中污染物的主要污染源。笔者通过对辽河油田某锅炉房三台燃煤工业锅炉污染物排放测试,得出排放因子,同时提出我国燃煤工业锅炉的节能减排途径。     

浅析煤矸石的综合利用途径

我国是一个煤炭生产和消费大国,每年的煤炭生产和消费总量均达亿吨级,煤炭在我国总能源结构中的比例占到70%以上。在煤炭开采和洗选加工过程中,排放出大量的煤矸石。煤矸石若不加以利用,长期堆放于地表,不仅占用大量土地、影响自然景观、破坏小区内的生活环境,而且还会造成大气、土壤、水体污染及地质灾害的发生。下面本文对煤矸石的综合利用途径进行了探讨。     

烟气净化技术在电力行业中的应用前景分析

中国能源结构以煤为主,电煤消耗约占全国煤炭产量的一半以上,为煤烟型大气污染及碳排放的主体,"十一五"期间,我国燃煤电厂大气污染控制技术取得了较大突破,并在烟尘、NOx控制等方面采取了更为严格的措施。"十二五"时期,电力行业大气污染控制将在源头控制和末端治理上加大控制力度,强化技术引导,依然为我国节能降耗和污染物减排的重点领域。     

煤炭清洁发电技术进展与前景

近年来,我国大气复合污染问题日益突出,燃煤是造成大气污染的主要原因之一,我国电力行业耗煤量约占全国耗煤总量的一半,实现燃煤电厂烟气污染物高效控制是重中之重。本文介绍了我国煤炭清洁发电实现超低排放的最新进展及未来发展前景。通过理论研究、技术研发及集成应用,形成了符合我国国情的燃煤烟气污染物超低排放技术路线,建立了超低排放清洁环保岛,实现了污染物排放优于天然气机组排放标准限值,为我国大气污染防治特别是高用能密度区域的污染物减排提供了一条重要出路。研究综述了近年来我国超低排放技术的示范应用情况,通过费效分析表明超低排放可实现污染物大幅度减排,具有良好的环境、经济和社会效益。未来,我国燃煤电厂还将进一步发展烟气污染物深度脱除技术及二氧化碳捕集技术,最终实现燃煤烟气污染物的近零排放,为建设全世界最清洁的燃煤电厂奠定坚实的技术基础。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.