疏水性二氧化硅气凝胶性能表征

目前SiO2气凝胶是世界上最轻、隔热性最好、孔隙率较高且声传播速率较低的固体材料,由于其特殊的网络结构使其具有很多独特的性能,而制备疏水性气凝胶是解决常压干燥过程中体积收缩和开裂的关键.采用溶胶-凝胶法以三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)为化学表面修饰剂通过衍生法制备了疏水性二氧化硅气凝胶,并利用X射线衍射光谱、扫描电镜、能量色散谱、透射电镜、红外光谱、差热-热重分析等测试方法对其结构、形貌及化学组成进行了分析.研究表明:该样品是表面连有疏水基团-CH3的疏水性SiO2气凝胶,且组成其连续网络结构的球状纳米粒子纯度较高、粒径均匀,是热稳定性较高的非晶、多孔、轻质纳米材料.     

溶胶-凝胶法改性SiO2膜的润湿性与水汽稳定性

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)替代部分正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为前驱物,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了MTES改性二氧化硅溶胶和二氧化硅膜,研究了憎水基团的添加量对溶胶体系的稳定性和对二氧化硅膜润湿性以及水汽稳定性的影响.结果表明,随MTES/TEOS摩尔比增大,二氧化硅溶胶的稳定性降低,改性二氧化硅膜的表面自由能显著减小;表面润湿性降低,主要是表面张力中极性力的贡献,FTIR分析表明,这是由于二氧化硅颗粒表面-CH3非极性基团增加所致;在潮湿环境中陈化时,二氧化硅膜接触角的变化及吸水率随MTES/TEOS摩尔比增大而减小,疏水性二氧化硅膜的MTES/TEOS宜为0.8～1.0;AFM形貌分析表明陶瓷支撑体上的二氧化硅薄膜连续,膜表面较光滑、平整.     

常压制备低孔径高比表面积疏水SiO2气凝胶

以正硅酸乙酯为先驱体，丙三醇为干燥控制化学添加刑（DCCA），通过酸碱两步溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅气凝胶，同时利用六甲基二硅氮皖（HMDZ）和正己烷的混合液对湿凝胶进行表面疏水改性。测试分析了所制备气凝胶的密度、疏水性、比表面积和形貌。结果表明，经过表面改性的SiO2气凝胶具有良好疏水性，与水的接触角约为139．4°...     

基于仿生机理的超疏水有机无机复合膜的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了粒径分布窄、单分散性好的SiO2颗粒,并用低表面能硅烷偶联剂对其进行改性.改性后的SiO2粒子与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)按一定的质量比共混,利用相转化法制备了有机无机复合微孔膜.分析了偶联剂种类及SiO2粒径对微孔膜疏水性的影响,探讨了微孔膜表面能对其疏水性能的影响,并对复合膜的微观形貌进行了表征.研究结果表明:硅烷偶联剂可以有效阻止SiO2溶胶的凝胶作用,降低SiO2的表面能,而表面能对膜的疏水性有显著的影响;制备的复合微孔膜具有良好的有机-无机双微观阶层结构,疏水角达到了151°.     

常压制备低孔径高比表面积疏水SiO2气凝胶

以正硅酸乙酯为先驱体,丙三醇为干燥控制化学添加剂(DCCA),通过酸碱两步溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅气凝胶,同时利用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDZ)和正己烷的混合液对湿凝胶进行表面疏水改性。测试分析了所制备气凝胶的密度、疏水性、比表面积和形貌。结果表明,经过表面改性的SiO2气凝胶具有良好疏水性,与水的接触角约为139.4°,比表面积为952m2/g,平均孔径为5～10nm,孔隙率达94.2%,且其密度仅为0.127g/cm3。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化硅薄膜及其性能研究

首先通过溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(Tetraethyl orthosilicate,TEOS)为前驱体,硝酸(HNO3)为催化剂,制备出二氧化硅溶胶。采用浸渍提拉法在金属表面涂覆二氧化硅胶膜,并经热处理后制备出二氧化硅薄膜。向溶胶中添加F-硅烷偶联剂对薄膜的疏水性能进行改善。采用FT-IR、SEM、TG系统分析了薄膜的化学组成、微观形貌和热稳定性,研究了不同原料比、成膜温度对薄膜硬度、附着力及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当硅、酸物质的量比为15∶1时,二氧化硅薄膜的硬度最高,可达9H;附着力最好,最高达2级;耐盐雾腐蚀性能最好,最高盐雾时间为25 min;且通过SEM分析可知薄膜的表面裂纹最少,且无明显凝胶析出物;通过热失重的分析表明溶胶反应温度对薄膜热稳定性的影响不大。     

SiO2气凝胶的疏水性改性研究

采用三甲基氯硅烷（TMCS）对硅溶胶制备的湿SiO2气凝胶进行表面疏水改性处理,研究了TMCS与孔洞中水的摩尔比对气凝胶的疏水改性作用与性能,用红外光谱法检测了疏水性改性的SiO2气凝胶,发现气凝胶表面的-OH被-OR基团取代,以此构建SiO2气凝胶的疏水性改性机理及模型,试验结果表明,TMCS与孔洞中水的摩尔比控制在0．35左右时可获得不开裂、完好的、具有憎水性特征的二氧化硅气凝胶。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超疏水PMHS-SiO2涂膜

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅(SiO_2)溶胶,并以含氢硅油(PMHS)为改性剂,对SiO_2粒子表面进行疏水化处理,然后在玻璃基片上提拉成膜和加热凝胶化,制备出超疏水PMHS-SiO_2涂膜。通过接触角测定、红外光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜、湿热老化等手段对涂膜的制备条件、结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明,在PMHS/SiO_2质量比为1:1、改性时间为4 h、涂膜热处理温度170℃、热处理时间3 h的条件下,可制得具有优良超疏水性的PMHS-SiO_2涂膜,其水接触角可达163°,滚动角可低至3°-5°,且具有优异的耐湿热老化性能。对改性前后的SiO_2溶胶和PMHS-SiO_2涂膜的结构形态研究发现,PMHS与SiO_2表面产生了化学结合,形成了PMHS-SiO_2杂化交联材料;涂膜表面被疏水性PMHS包覆,同时较均匀地分布着许多粒径为50-400 nm的微米-纳米双重粗糙度的微凸体,这是产生优异的超疏水性能的主要原因。     

Al_2O_3薄膜的疏水改性及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以异丙醇铝为前驱体,引入二甲基二乙氧基硅烷(DDS)制备疏水性Al2O3薄膜,并研究了DDS的加入量对薄膜结构及性能的影响.通过红外光谱(IR)、表面接触角、热重分析(TG-DTG)及原子力显微镜(AFM)等测试方法对样品的化学结构、润湿性、热稳定性及表面形貌等进行分析.实验结果表明,DDS的最佳加入量为体积分数5%时,Al2O3薄膜表面的疏水基团—CH3丰富,其接触角为118°,疏水性良好;随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜中的疏水基—CH3逐渐减少,薄膜的疏水性能降低,实验确定的最佳烧结温度为200℃;薄膜表面具有细微的粗糙度.     

改性剂对二氧化硅气凝胶性能的影响

本文以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,通过酸碱两步溶胶-凝胶法,常压干燥制备疏水性SiO2气凝胶。研究了两种改性剂(三甲基氯硅烷、六甲基二硅氮烷)对二氧化硅气凝胶结构和性能的影响。对制备的气凝胶样品进行表面微观形态分析、热重差热分析、傅里叶红外分析以及比表面积分析。结果表明,通过改性制备的样品具有较好的性能,使用六甲基二硅氮烷改性得到的SiO2气凝胶密度为0.204g/cm3,接触角为128°,BET比表面积为973m2/g,平均孔径7.57nm;使用三甲基氯硅烷改性得到的SiO2气凝胶密度为0.115g/cm3,疏水性优良,接触角为158°,BET比表面积为1067m2/g,平均孔径13.40nm。综合考虑各种因素,采用TMCS进行改性制备得到的SiO2气凝胶综合性能更加优异。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.