炭黑粒子表面改性及其电磁特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸钡改性炭黑的复合粒子,并观察和分析了改性后粒子的颗粒结构、体电阻率和介电性能.经XRD分析可知复合粒子中存在钛酸钡和炭黑;TEM和SEM研究表明,通过溶胶-凝胶法在炭黑表面包覆了钛酸钡绝缘层,从而使得改性后的炭黑粒子之间不能建立发达的导电网络,复合粒子导电性能降低.研究表明钛酸钡改性对复合粒子的电导率和介电性能有着重要影响.     

改性钛酸钡/聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺复合薄膜的制备与介电性能

通过在钛酸钡纳米颗粒表面羟基化处理后用十八烷基异氰酸酯进行化学接枝改性,然后将改性后的钛酸钡纳米粒子加入到聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺(PMIA)浆液中,采用刮涂法制得耐高温的高性能PMIA介电复合薄膜。通过红外研究了复合粒子表面官能团变化;通过热重研究复合薄膜和复合粒子的热稳定性;利用X射线光电子能谱分析材料的元素成分和相关的化学键种类,表明十八烷基异氰酸酯成功地接枝到纳米钛酸钡表面;通过扫描电镜研究了复合薄膜的断面形貌,表明经过改性后的纳米钛酸钡改善了其与PMIA基体的相容性;通过宽频介电阻抗谱仪研究不同条件下复合薄膜的介电性能变化。结果表明,当改性钛酸钡纳米粒子质量分数为15%时,复合薄膜的介电常数是纯PMIA膜的5.4倍,同时保持了较低的介电损耗;同时,当温度到达120℃时,复合薄膜依然保持了良好的介电性能,能满足高温环境的应用要求。     

高介电常数EP/BT复合材料介电性能的研究

选用粒径从100 nm～1 μm的钛酸钡(BT)粉末与环氧树脂(EP)采用溶液共混法制备了0～3型两相复合材料,并研究了复合材料的介电性能包括介电常数、介电损耗以及击穿场强.结果表明,复合材料的介电性能不只与陶瓷相的体积分数有关,还与陶瓷相中BT颗粒的粒径大小相关.运用SEM手段对复合物的微观形貌进行了表征.     

Fe3O4/PVDF复合材料的介电性质研究

采用水热法合成纳米Fe3O4颗粒,并以其作为导电颗粒,与聚偏氟乙烯按不同比例混合,用精密阻抗分析仪（Agilent4294A）测试复合材料的介电性能,结果表明,随着复合材料中Fe3O4含量的变化,复合材料发生渗流效应,适当调节Fe3O4的含量,就能得到具有较好介电性能的复合材料。     

机载龙伯透镜天线用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的制备及介电常数调控

针对雷达通讯微波频段新型轻质介电复合材料的迫切需求,开展高介电性能复合材料的研究具有现实意义。采用悬浮聚合法制备不同密度的聚苯乙烯泡沫,研究了聚苯乙烯泡沫的介电常数与密度之间的关系,分析了钛酸钡粉末的介电性能。采用干混法添加钛酸钡粉末制备介电常数可调控的轻质钛酸钡/聚苯乙烯复合泡沫。聚苯乙烯泡沫的介电常数随密度增大,表现出弱的频率依赖性和低介电损耗。钛酸钡粉末具有高的介电常数和较低的介电损耗。BaTiO_3/PS复合材料的介电常数随着BaTiO_3含量的增加而升高。相同介电常数的BaTiO_3/PS复合材料和聚苯乙烯泡沫相比,密度显著下降,说明添加BaTiO_3可以实现介电材料的轻质化。     

钛酸钡化学原位改性炭黑粒子的电磁性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了钛酸钡改性炭黑的复合粒子,并观察和分析了改性粒子的颗粒成分、结构、微波介电特性及其对电磁波的吸收性能.XRD分析可知复合粒子中含有钛酸钡晶体和炭黑.TEM研究表明,溶胶-凝胶法很好地在炭黑表面包覆了一层钛酸钡绝缘层,从而使得基体中的炭黑粒子形成导电孤岛.结果表明钛酸钡改性对不同炭黑含量有着不同的影响:当炭黑体积含量较低时(＜20%),钛酸钡的包覆降低了复合材料的吸波效能;当体积百分含量超过20%时,钛酸钡的包覆提高了复合材料的吸波效能.这主要是因为钛酸钡包覆炭黑粒子形成的"导电孤岛"对复合材料的电性能影响的缘故.     

基于新型纳米复合介电材料的嵌入式微电容制备及特性

嵌入式微电容技术是一种能够使电子器件微型化,并提高其性能及可靠性的方法.研究适用于嵌入式环境的高介电材料,有着重要的意义.采用粒径为92 nm的钛酸钡（BaTiO3）颗粒作为纳米无机填充颗粒,选用聚酰亚胺（PI）作为有机基体制备新型BaTiO3/PI纳米复合薄膜,并对该薄膜的介电性能、耐压特性及温度特性进行了测试;并采用光刻、溅射、刻蚀等工艺,对BaTiO3/PI纳米复合薄膜进行图形化研究,制造嵌入式微电容器件原型,其后对该器件的介电性能进行了测试.测试结果显示,嵌入式电容器件原型的介电常数在低频下达到15以上,击穿场强达到58 MV/m以上,而刻蚀和溅射工艺对薄膜的性能影响不大.     

稀土掺杂钛酸钡系电子陶瓷的交流阻抗谱研究

用溶胶凝胶法制备了镧、铈、镨和钍等稀土掺杂的钛酸钡粉体,用传统制陶方法将粉体压片、烧陶、被银,用交流阻抗谱法测试其电学性质.通过对稀土掺杂钛酸钡系陶瓷的阻抗谱的拟和分析,找出了表征介电性能从绝缘体过渡到半导体的四个不同的等效电路,对稀土掺杂钛酸钡陶瓷的晶界电阻、晶粒电阻和极化能力由于不同含量、不同稀土元素的掺入而引起的变化做了系统分析.     

高性能钛酸钡/聚合物复合材料的研究进展

具有高介电常数(k)的钛酸钡/聚合物复合材料,兼有钛酸钡陶瓷和聚合物的各自优势,是一种有广泛应用前景的电子材料,因而备受关注。综合给出了近5年来高性能钛酸钡/聚合物复合材料的研究进展,分析指出了原材料选择、制备工艺及其对复合材料介电性能的影响,概括介绍了这类复合材料的主要应用,预测展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

氧化石墨/钛酸钡/环氧树脂三相复合材料的制备及其介电性能研究

利用浓硫酸、高锰酸钾等强氧化剂制备了氧化石墨, 将其与钛酸钡和环氧树脂复合, 制备了三相复合材料。研究了氧化石墨的添加量对于复合材料介电性能的影响。结果发现在氧化石墨的添加量很少时, 三相复合材料的介电常数显著地高于钛酸钡/环氧树脂两相复合材料, 同时介电损耗仍然维持在较低的水平。钛酸钡/环氧树脂的介电常数为17.7 (20℃, 1 kHz), 当加入3wt%氧化石墨, 介电常数增加到42.6, 介电损耗为0.043。因此该三相复合材料适合用于埋入式电容器的介质材料。最后初步探讨了氧化石墨对复合材料介电性能的影响机理。     

Semiconducting properties of barium titanate and iron substituted barium titanate

Single crystals of barium titanate and members of the series BaTi_1?xFe_xO_3?xF_x have been grown from a potassium fluoride flux. These crystals were made conductive by heating in a sealed evacuated silica tube in the presence of freshly ground titanium. Electrical, optical and magnetic measurements were performed in order to characterize these crystals. Optical measurements indicated a decrease in the band edge from 3.2(1) eV for barium titanate to 2.8(1) eV for Bati_1?xFe_xO_3?xF_x(x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10). The photoelectrolytic behavior of reduced barium titanate was strongly quenched upon the substitution of iron and fluorine.     

Semiconducting barium titanate

Barium titanate, which is well known as a basic ferroelectric material, is also of interest when doped because of the interaction between semiconductivity and ferroelectricity. The resistance of blocking layers at surfaces and grain-boundaries is governed mainly by the ferroelectric properties, so that a resistance jump of four decades is observed on heating above the Curie temperature. A survey of the chemical and physical properties of such blocking layers both at surfaces and interfaces is presented. Doped titanates have been used as the basis of two new types of material:

1. Semiconductors with high positive temperature-coefficient of resistivity in special temperature ranges suitable for temperature-sensors and stabilisers.
2. Dielectrics with extremely high dielectric constant, used in so-called barrier-layer condensers.

     

Influence of microstructure on dielectric properties of Nd-doped barium titanate synthesized by hydrothermal method

Nd-doped barium titanates were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The as-prepared barium titanate was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Vis–NIR spectroscopy respectively. The results show that pure and Nd-doped barium titanate powders have cubic perovskite structure. After sintering at a temperature of 1,250 °C for 2 h, the phase compositions of all barium titanate are tetragonal phase structure. Vis–NIR spectra well confirmed that Nd³⁺ have been doped into barium titanate. The particle diameters of Nd-doped barium titanate powders and ceramics become samller with the increase of Nd³⁺ content. When Nd/Ba molar ratio is 0.02, the dielectric loss (0.0008) of the powder measured at 1 MHz and room temperature dramatically decreases by 99 % comparing with pure barium titanate (0.083) and shows frequency independence with the frequency increasing from 40 Hz to 1 MHz. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss are 436 and 0.09 after sintering. The Nd-doped BaTiO₃ show an improvement in the dielectric quality which possess a decreased sensitivity to frequency for both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Such improvements are of potential importance for high energy density and low loss.     

Doped barium titanate nanoparticles

We have synthesized nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) ion doped BaTiO₃ nanoparticles through a chemical route using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The concentration of dopant varies from 0 to 2 mole% in the specimens. The results from X-ray diffractograms and transmission electron micrographs show that the particle diameters in the specimen lie in the range 24–40 nm. It is seen that the dielectric permittivity in doped specimens is enhanced by an order of magnitude compared to undoped barium titanate ceramics. The dielectric permittivity shows maxima at 0.3 mole% doping of Fe ion and 0.6 mole% of Ni ion. The unusual dielectric behaviour of the specimens is explained in terms of the change in crystalline structure of the specimens.     

Preparation of powder barium titanate

Phase-pure BaTiO₃ powder (free of Ba₂TiO₄, BaCO₃, Ba(NO₃)₂, and OH impurities) with an average particle size of about 100 nm is prepared by solid-state reaction between titanium oxyhydroxide and barium hydroxide ground and mixed by sonication in an inert organic liquid.     

以偏钛酸为原料常压水热法合成纳米钛酸钡的研究

系统地研究了以廉价的偏钛酸为原料,经常压水热法一步合成钛酸钡.通过考察不同的钡钛比,反应温度,反应时间,溶液pH等条件下反应产物在浓盐酸溶液中的透射比的变化,得出了最佳的制备条件.当反应原料的钡钛比为1.4,反应温度是100℃,反应时间为6 h,溶液pH为12,所制备出的钛酸钡粉体为立方相,a值约为4.030,粉体一次平均粒径为40.9 nm.     

The preparatory optimal conditions of barium titanate thin film from a hydrothermal method at low temperature

The preparation of barium titanate thin films on Ti substrates at low temperature using the hydrothermal process was studied. In addition, the interface relationship between film and substrate was investigated, revealing that the Ba²⁺ ion diffused into the Ti(OH)₄ gel formed by Ti in a strong alkaline solution, resulting in a homogeneous film. A 3-level orthogonal array design was utilized to optimize the experimental conditions. The effects of preparatory conditions such as the barium-concentration, NaOH concentration, reaction time and substrate surface treatment were systematically studied. Results indicate that the effects of the NaOH concentration and substrate surface treatment are the significant variables influencing the relative crystal intensity (intensity of (110) BaTiO₃ peaks in XRD spectrum/intensity of (001) Ti peak in XRD spectrum) of the films obtained. Polycrystalline, BaTiO₃-films were obtained, with improved crystallinity and a dielectric constant of about 915 at 1 MHz.