熔融碳酸盐燃料电池隔膜用LiAlO2制备

将Ａｌ２Ｏ和Ｌｉ２ＯＣ３混合，６００－７００℃高温焙烧制备熔否则碳酸盐燃料电池囊和ＬｉＡｌＯ２粉体。工业生产Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒粒度和堆密度大，制得的ＬｉＡｌＯ２粉体较粗，有机金属化合物水解再脱水制备的Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒粒度和堆密度小，制备的ＬｉＡｌＯ２粉体细。     

聚分子电解质对α-Al2O3料浆分散性能的影响

选择了聚丙烯酸（ＰＡＡ）,单宁酸、六偏磷酸钠（ＮａＰＯ３）６作α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３料浆的分散助剂,系统地研究了α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３料浆分散性能。研究表明：α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３料浆分散性能受分散性的浓度,料浆的ｐＨ值及粉料的粒度分布的影响,找出了α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３适宜的分散剂及其使用条件。     

共沉淀法制备Al_2O_3-YAG复相陶瓷及其显微结构研究

用共沉淀法制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＹＡＧ复合粉体,ＹＡＧ的结晶温度在１０００℃左右．共沉淀法 制备的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＹＡＧ复合粉体经１５５０℃热压烧结,获得致密烧结体,ＹＡＧ的加入量对烧结温度 的影响不大． Ａｌ２Ｏ３－５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复合材料的抗弯强度为６０４ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为５．０ＭＰａｍ１／２; Ａｌ２Ｏ３－２５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复合材料的抗弯强度为６１１ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为４５ＭＰａｍ１／２．所有这些数据 都高于单相Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的力学性能,说明ＹＡＧ的加入有利于Ａ１２Ｏ３陶瓷力学性能的提高． 通过显微结构观察发现：大的ＹＡＧ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶界上,小的ＹＡＧ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒 内．在 Ａｌ２Ｏ３－５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复合材料中,许多小的白色区域存在于 Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒内,这可能和较低 的Ｙ２Ｏ３含量有关．     

TiO2和α-Al2O3晶体的生长习性

通过水热法制备粉体的实验观察到金红石、锐钛矿和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶体的生长习性,采用配位多面体生长习性法则合理地解释了ＴｉＯ２和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的生长习性,其主要结果为α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶体的生长飞快生为平板｛０００１｝,其各晶面的生长速度为：Ｖ｛０００１｝〈Ｖ｛１１２３｝〈Ｖ｛０１１２｝＝Ｖ｛１１２０｝〈Ｖ｛０１１０｝;金红石的生长习性为柱状,其各晶面的生长速度为;Ｖ〈１１０〉〈Ｖ〈１００〉〈Ｖ〈１０１〉     

α—Al2O3微滤膜的烧结过程动力学

用悬浮粒子烧结法在管状α－Ａｌ２Ｏ多孔支撑体上制备α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３微滤膜,研究了不同烧结制度对α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３微波膜性能的影响,得到了获得高质量α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的烧结条件,运用烧结理论模型探讨了微滤膜的烧结机理,计算了膜烧结过程的反应速率常数箐表现活化能。     

YAG- Al2O3纳米复合材料的制备和力学性能

本文介绍了用化学共沉淀和在适当温度下煅烧以直接制备ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纳纳米复合粉体的新方法。ＸＲＤ结果表明,所得粉体具纯的ＹＡＧ和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３相,因此其化学组成符合配料的组分设计,用本方法制备的２５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合粉体经热压烧结,所得的致０密体材料为晶内型纳米复合材料,其抗弯强度达６１２ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为４．５４ＭＰａｍ＾－１／２,都比单相Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷有大幅度提高。     

激光合成Al_2O_3－WO_3陶瓷的电子显微分析

本文利用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）及能量色散Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＥＤＡＸ）技术对激光合成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＷＯ３陶瓷材料进行分析．ＴＥＭ分析表明，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＷＯ３材料的胞状结构中，Ａｌ２Ｏ３形成柱状单晶且Ｃｏ轴平行生长轴，Ａｌ２（ＷＯ４）３及ＡｌｘＷＯ３位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３柱状晶间界；非平衡相ＡｌｘＷＯ３中存在畴及超晶格结构，Ａｌ３＋对ＷＯ３母体网格Ａ位占位是有序的．ＥＤＡＸ结果则指出合成材料Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒中Ｗ杂质的浓度随配料ＷＯ３含量的增加而增大；样品合成过程中激光功率从最高值连续降低至０瓦可减少Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒Ｗ的掺入量；高温下对合成样品长时间热处理可使Ｗ杂质从Ａｌ２Ｏ３中释放出．材料电性质测试结果表明，材料电阻率与其中Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒Ｗ含量紧密相关，Ｗ的含量越高，材料电导率越大．     

α—Al2O3晶体对氧化铝转相温度的影响

以工业氢氧化铝粉为原料,对其进行了添加α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶种的处理,研究了粉体添加晶种前后转相温度的变化情况。氢氧化铝原料粉在１２５０℃转变为α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,而用湿磨工艺混入５ｗｔ％的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３作为晶种后,在９００℃相转变开始发生,到１１００℃转相完成。粉体平均粒径０．３μｍ,优于原料粉的转相结果。     

Si及α—Al2O3超细粉对Al2O3—ZrO2—C系材料显微结构的影响

本文探讨了Ｓｉ及α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉对Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃ系材料显微结构的影响。认为在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃ系材料中同时加入Ｓｉ和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉，Ｓｉ粉除了与Ｃ生成了ＳｉＣ纤维外，其反应产物ＳｉＯ２还与α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉及ＺｒＯ２生成了莫来石（Ａ３Ｓ２）和Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２（ＡＺＳ）固溶体，这些新生成的矿物相对试样的显微结构产生重要的作用。     

晶内型Al2O3—SiC纳米复合陶瓷的制备

研究了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的工艺过程，利用Ａｌ２Ｏ３从γ相到α相的蠕虫状生长过程，使大部分纳米ＳｉＣ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒内，用沉淀法制得的、含有５ｖｏｌ％ＳｉＣ的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷，其强度为４６７ＭＰａ，韧性为４．７ＭＰａ．ｍ＾１／２，与一般的Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷相比有较大的提高，显示了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的优点。     

Y2O3添加剂对ZrO2超微粉体性质的影响

添加0-6mol%Y2O3的ZrO2超微粉体由化学共沉淀法制备，系统地研究了添加剂对粉体粒子粒径，表面性质和团聚状态的影响，结果表明，添加Y2O3组元，使制备的ZrO2粉体粒子粒径减小，对粒子的长大趋势可起到抑制作用，但加剧了粉体粒子的团聚，团聚体颗粒变大，团聚强度升高，随着组元添加量的增多，作用加剧。     

Synthesis and Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanometer Powders by Pyrolysis of Amorphous Citrate

CeO2 nanometer powders of different sizes were prepared at low temperature by pyrolysis of amorphous citrate. XRD patterns show that CeO2 is cubic in structure, space group Oh5-FM3M·TEM indicates that the prepared CeO2 is spherical in shape, and the particle size distribution is in narrow range. It was found that calcination temperature is a more important factor affecting the crystallite size of CeO2 than calcining time, the smaller the particle. the bigger the crystallattice distortion, the worse the crystal growth. Solubility test of CeO2 in nitric acid reveals that the surface activity of CeO2 decreases with the increasing particle sizes. IR spectra analysis shows that the absorption of Ce-O bond is shifted to higher energy with the decrease of CeO2 particle sizes.     

The formation of zircon from amorphous ZrO2 · SiO2 powders

The different factors affecting the mechanism of zircon formation from amorphous ZrO₂ · SiO₂ powders have been studied. It was shown that zircon was formed by solid state reaction between tetragonal zirconia and silica (amorphous and cristobalite). The previously suggested Hedvall effect associated with the crystallization of amorphous silica into cristobalite did not play any role in this reaction. A high degree of Si-Zr mixing in the starting amorphous powders did not affect the mechanism of zircon formation, but speeded up the reaction rate due to the small particle size of the zirconia and silica particles segregated previously to zircon formation. It was also found that the formation reaction was retarded by the presence of carbonaceous species coming from the alkoxide precursors, which were probably retained at grain boundaries after calcination, acting as a diffusion barrier. These factors can explain the observed differences in the temperatures of zircon formation previously reported.     

Preparation of Rare Earth Hydroxide and Oxide Nanoparticles by Precipitation Method

A series of rare earth hydroxide and oxide nanoparticles have been prepared by precipitation method with alcohol as the dispersive and protective reagent. Transmission electron microscope (TEEM) images indicate that the particles are spherical in shape and smaller than 100 nm in size. The crystallite sizes of cubic Ln2O3 have lanthanide shrinking effect, while average crystal lattice distortion rates possess lanthanide swelling effect. The diffraction peak intensity of heavy rare earth oxide nanometer powders is remarkably stronger than that of light rare earth oxide nanometer powders. The variation of diffraction intensity with atomic number presents an inverted W type, forming a double peak structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrums reveal that Ln2O3 nanopowders have higher surface activity than that of ordinary Ln2O3 powders. The UV-vis spectra show that Ln-O bond of these particles is slightly blue-shifted, and its absorption intensity decreases.     

制备工艺对锌铝氧化物(ZAO)粉末红外发射率的影响

采用液相共沉淀法制备了ZAO掺杂半导体粉末材料,系统研究了制备工艺对ZAO粉末红外发射率的影响.借助于TG-DTA、XRD、SEM对材料的热处理温度,晶体结构及表面形貌进行了考察,利用IR-2双波段发射率测量仪对ZAO粉末材料的红外发射率进行了测试.研究结果表明:当反应物终点pH值为8.5、反应时间为2.5h、煅烧温度为800℃,煅烧时间为2h、Al2O3的掺杂量为3%时所得的ZAO粉末的红外发射率最低;ZAO掺杂半导体粉末的晶体结构为ZnO的铅锌矿结构;粒子形状近似为椭圆形,平均粒径为5～10μm;在中红外(3～5μm)和远红外(8～14μm)波段均具有较低的红外发射率.     

纳米流体中CO_2水合物生成特性实验研究

在自行设计的小型气体水合物反应装置上进行了纳米流体中CO2水合物生成特性的实验研究,探讨了纳米粒子的种类、粒径和质量分数对CO2水合物生成特性的影响。研究发现,与纯水相比,纳米粒子Cu O和Si O2增加了CO2耗气量,但延长了气体水合物生成的诱导时间。金属纳米粒子Cu和金属氧化物纳米粒子Al2O3对CO2水合物生成的诱导时间和耗气量有明显改善。对不同粒径的Al2O3纳米粒子对气体水合物生成特性的研究发现,30 nm的Al2O3纳米流体对水合物生成特性影响最大。与纯水相比,0.1%-30 nm-Al2O3纳米流体中水合物生成的诱导时间缩短了76.9%,耗气量增加了23.2%。CO2水合物耗气量随着Cu粒子质量分数的增加先增加后减少。最后进行了纳米粒子对CO2水合物生成特性的影响的理论分析。     

Reaction products and their solidification process of the plasma sprayed Fe2O3–Al composite powders

Fe₂O₃–Al composite powders were deposited onto steel substrate by plasma spraying. The reaction products of the Fe₂O₃–Al composite powders in the plasma flame and their solidification process were investigated. The results showed that the reaction products of the Fe₂O₃–Al composite powders in the plasma flame were Fe–Al–O ceramic melt and Fe melt. Fe was not always formed in the reaction products of each composite particle, and the formation of Fe was dependent on the composition distribution and the reaction kinetics process of each composite particle. The composition inhomogeneity, discontinuity and porousness of the composite particles resulted in the difference of the reaction kinetics of each composite particle and the composition difference of the droplets. Hercynite solid solution, Fe, Al₂O₃ and FeAl phases were formed by non-equilibrium solidification of the Fe–Al–O ceramic melt. For the smaller size droplet, when it spread on the substrate, the spreading droplet was quickly chilled to form equiaxed grains with size of 100–200 nm. Nano-sized or submicron equiaxed grains, nano-sized columnar grains and cellular structure were formed in the larger spreading droplet. Fe rich hercynite solid solution nucleated and grew preferentially and then Al rich hercynite solid solution grew, which form composition segregation in the columnar grains. The main phases in the composite coating were hercynite solid solution.     

混合导体氧化物SrFeCo0.5Oy粉末的微波合成与表征

采用微波加热方法与常规高温固相法合成了Sr-Fe-Co-O系混合导体陶瓷氧化物粉末.利用XRD,TEM/EDX及SEM等测试方法分析与表征粉体.用微波加热合成的粉体颗粒尺寸分布均匀,一次颗粒尺寸较小,结晶度也好于用常规加热合成的粉体.微波加热合成粉体的结晶相结构是钙钛矿结构Sr(Fe,Co)1.5Oy相,并有少量的正交结构相和尖晶石(Co,Fe)3O4相;高温固相法合成粉末由Sr4(Fe,Co)6O13±δ相及少量的Sr(Fe1-xCox)O3-δ相和CoO相组成.     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-30%TiO_2微米/纳米复合涂层的结构与耐磨性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了不同粒径的Al2O3-30%(质量分数)TiO2纳米复合粉体,用喷雾干燥法对合成粉体进行喷雾造粒,造粒后的粉体通过等离子喷涂制备Al2O3/TiO2复合涂层,最后对涂层结构和性能进行了表征。涂层结构和形貌分析表明制备的涂层具有微米/纳米复合结构,初始粉体粒径对涂层的结构和致密度影响很小;涂层摩擦学性能测试表明复合涂层的磨损率随初始粉体粒径的增大而减小,初始粉体粒径为100nm左右时,复合涂层的磨损率最低。复合涂层的磨损机制为裂纹扩展导致的磨损剥落。     

ZnFe2O4纳米粉体的室温固相合成及其气敏特性研究

以无机盐为原料，采用室温固相化学反应法合成了尖晶石型复合氧化物ZnFe2O4,X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）等表征结果表明，固相反应完全，平均粒径约为30nm左右；将样品制成烧结型气敏元件，发现在较低的工作温度时，对H2S有较高的灵敏度和选择性。