轨道车辆不锈钢拉弯件模具及夹头设计研究

轻量化设计的不锈钢轨道车辆车体结构件大量采用拉弯成形工艺制造。由于型材拉弯后存在弹性变形,卸载后不可避免地会产生回弹现象,拉弯件的弯曲轮廓精度与回弹的控制密不可分。拉弯胎模的工作面也就是外形轮廓设计直接影响拉弯件的轮廓精度,是拉弯胎模设计的关键。本文以先进的位移控制模式下的数控拉弯机为基础,结合型材拉弯工艺设计软件PSBPD和有限元分析,对拉弯模模具轮廓进行考虑回弹量的精准设计。此外,拉弯夹头的咬合力及工作状态的稳定性也是制约拉弯机正常工作获得合格产品的关键之一。结合拉弯现场试验及工艺参数进一步调整优化,得到了满足要求的高精度的拉弯产品。     

拼焊板车门内板冲压成形工艺研究

采用数值模拟软件Dynaform5.5对某拼焊板车门内板的拉深成形工艺进行研究,探讨不同压边力和拉延筋对该复杂曲面零件成形性能以及焊缝移动的影响规律。通过调整压边力和拉延筋等工艺参数得到了成形性能较好且焊缝移动趋势较小的车门内板零件。     

激光拼焊板拉延成形焊缝移动优化控制

针对不同材料种类、厚度、强度、镀层焊接的拼焊板存在的成形问题,采用有限元仿真技术准确预测了拼焊板拉延成形工序的金属流动,在此基础上开展了拉深筋优化工艺研究.研究结果表明:由于纵梁前端和后端变形不均匀,拼焊板焊缝在拉延过程中随着拉深筋设置的不同产生不同的流向;当纵梁后端两侧拉延筋阻力系数分别设置为0.35和0.15时,零件内部焊缝移动量最小,更有利于拼焊板的成形质量控制.     

镁合金带内筋筒形件热强旋成形质量及参数优化

目的 探明镁合金带内筋筒形件热强旋成形质量影响因素间的相互作用,并获得优化后的内筋数量及工艺参数.方法 设计了五因素、三水平正交试验方案,开展了灰色关联度分析及极差分析,研究了内筋数量及工艺参数对旋压件直线度、圆度、筋背凹陷率、内筋饱和度、筋高不均匀度等成形质量指标影响的主次顺序,获得了最优的参数组合.结果 各参数对旋...     

双相钢激光拼焊板温成形拉深性能分析研究

板料的温塑性成形方法已经得到广泛使用,可以运用到双相钢激光拼焊板成形中以提高其成形性能。以盒形件为分析对象对双相钢激光拼焊板的温拉深性能进行了研究,通过温单拉实验、盒形件温拉深过程的有限元模拟与实冲实验以及金相实验,分析了双相钢激光拼焊板由常温到500℃各个温度下的力学性能与拉深性能。结果表明:成形温度对双相钢激光拼焊板温拉深影响比较显著,在400～500℃温度范围内进行温成形,能获得较好的成形性能。     

不锈钢外板对 2219 铝合金拼焊板胀形性能的影响

目的现有2219铝合金板材宽度不能满足大型复杂曲面件整体流体高压成形需要,仍需采用焊接方法制备成形坯料,焊缝的存在导致铝合金拼焊板整体性能不均匀,影响成形性能及壁厚分布。方法提出2219铝合金拼焊板的双层板流体高压成形方法,采用1.8 mm厚铝合金拼焊板作为内层板,1mm厚不锈钢板作为外层板,进行双层板胀形实验研究。对比分析了单层板与双层板条件下2219铝合金拼焊板的成形极限、应变及壁厚分布。结果外层板的存在能够使板材的极限成形高度和极限应变增加,同时使壁厚分布更加均匀。结论双层板之间存在界面摩擦,可以提高内层拼焊板的成形极限、改善壁厚分布。     

轻量化拼焊板构件塑性成形研究进展

拼焊板构件因容易实现轻量化、低成本、短周期成形制造而被广泛应用于飞机、汽车工业中,但在这类构件的塑性成形中,焊缝引入的材料、几何、边界条件非线性显著增加了成形复杂性,导致成形质量及成形极限下降,尤其是在具有强烈不均匀变形特征的弯曲、旋压等局部加载塑性成形中表现得更加明显,极大制约了轻量化拼焊板构件的精确塑性成形。为此,国内外学者在拼焊板构件弯曲及旋压变形机理与成形规律方面开展了大量研究。从焊接材料不均匀力学行为表征、拼焊板构件弯曲及旋压成形有限元建模、焊缝特征对变形行为影响及工艺设计等方面综述了相关研究进展,最后提出了拼焊板构件塑性成形仍面临的关键难题与挑战,对认识和发展轻量化拼焊板构件塑性成形具有重要指导意义和参考价值。     

带内筋复杂薄壁件旋压成形研究进展

结构轻量化和大型整体化是高性能复杂薄壁构件精确塑性成形的永恒追求,带内筋复杂薄壁构件作为典型的高性能复杂薄壁构件,其成形制造方式一直被学者所关注。旋压成形作为先进的精确塑性成形工艺,有望实现此类构件的整体制造。为此,对带内筋复杂薄壁构件旋压成形的国内外研究进展进行归纳,主要涉及带内筋曲母线构件的有模外旋成形和无模内旋成形,以及带纵向内筋、内齿、横向内筋和纵横内筋的筒形构件旋压成形,包括复合旋压、滚珠旋压、错距旋压等成形方式,对成形特征、工艺参数的影响以及旋压成形规律等进行总结,为带内筋复杂薄壁构件的旋压成形及工艺优化提供指导。     

不锈钢车顶弯梁拉弯成形研究

利用ABAQUS软件,对某轨道车辆的不锈钢车顶弯梁的拉弯成形过程进行了模拟研究,分析了L形型材拉弯后截面畸变及回弹的影响因素及控制方法。结果表明:模具立边深度对截面畸变的影响较大,拉伸量对其影响相对较小;包覆拉伸量对回弹时发生的截面扭曲的影响最大,补拉量对回弹时发生的侧面弯曲的影响最大;采用模具型面补偿法可以有效减小回弹,提高轮廓精度。实验证明,当预拉量和补拉量为1%、包覆拉伸量为7.5%和模具立边深度为H-0.5mm并且模具型面补偿量为最大回弹量的1.1倍时,可以制造出高质量的不锈钢型材拉弯件。     

拼焊板焊缝方向对其单向拉伸性能的影响研究

为提高拼焊板成形性,用单拉实验来研究拼焊板焊缝方向对其拉伸性能的影响.采用解析、实验和有限元法研究了拼焊板焊缝方向对其综合延伸率、失效模式的影响.结果表明,当焊缝角度较小时,失效表现为焊缝开裂;随着焊缝角度增大,平均延伸率非线性减小,且变化速率逐渐减小.当焊缝角度超过一定值后,失效变为薄侧母材开裂,并随着焊缝角度增大拼焊板综合延伸率逐渐增大,且增大的速率逐渐减小.在失效模式转换时,焊缝角度相应存在一个临界点,这一临界角度大小主要依赖于焊缝和薄侧母材性能.适当的焊缝角度有利于拼焊板成形性能的提高和失效模式的控制.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.