基于不同防护材料易碎品运输可靠性结构设计

目的研究易碎品在运输包装过程中不同防护材质缓冲包装结构的防护性能。方法通过Ansys Workbench中的模态分析(Modal)和随机振动分析模块(RandomVibration),对模型进行模态和随机振动仿真分析,得到易碎品的各向应力、位移、总应力等,分析对比2种防护材质的仿真结果,选取最优的缓冲方案,并进行随机振动和跌落实验。结果 2种防护材质下缓冲结构都具有良好的防护性能,选择设计的EPE缓冲结构更具有经济环保性,且在随机振动和跌落试验中,包装件没有发生变形和损坏,内容物完好。结论为易碎品低成本、高可靠性的结构设计提供了思路,也为产品性能的预测和运输方案的检测提供了一种分析手段。     

钢化玻璃运输包装设计与有限元分析

目的以钢化玻璃为研究对象,设计安全合理的运输包装,并对其保护性能进行有限元分析。方法选择包装材料,设计运输包装各组件的结构及尺寸,利用Pro/E建立运输包装模型,利用Ansys Workbench模型进行静态堆码载荷仿真分析、模态仿真分析、随机振动仿真分析。结果通过静态堆码仿真得到等效应力最大值发生在松木托盘处,为0.506 MPa,远小于松木的屈服极限(10.47 MPa);等效应变最大值为0.0044,换算成包装件变形为2.31 mm,小于包装件允许变形量为4.2 mm;模态仿真分析得到包装件的工作频率为42.2,44.8,51.2,52.6,69.5,69.8 Hz,避开了汽车公路运输车的共振频率2 Hz和10 Hz;在随机振动仿真分析中,包装件在y方向位移为0.037 mm,远小于包装件允许变形量。结论通过仿真分析可以判定所设计的钢化玻璃运输包装方案合理,能够在运输过程中有效保护钢化玻璃的安全。     

基于Ansys Workbench的投影仪运输包装仿真分析

目的为某型号投影仪设计运输包装,并检验该方案的防护性能和安全性能。方法运用有限元软件并进行相关试验,对投影仪包装件进行模态分析、随机振动分析和跌落分析。结果在随机振动仿真分析中,包装件前6阶固有频率均大于25 Hz,避开了公路和铁路运输的共振频率范围,不会发生共振;最大等效应力为4.628 MPa,最大变形量为1.526 mm,各部件应力和变形量均在安全范围内,符合抗振强度要求。在跌落仿真分析中,投影仪裸机跌落时的镜片等效应力最大值为123.49 MPa,超过了玻璃的许用应力(28 MPa),镜头发生破裂;投影仪运输包装跌落时,镜片上等效应力最大值降低为2.1728 MPa,其余部件应力值均未超过对应材料的屈服强度,符合抗冲击强度要求。结论根据分析结果,采用EPE发泡塑料和E型瓦楞纸板的运输包装方案结构设计合理,能够在运输过程中对投影仪起到保护作用,具有一定的可行性。     

基于物流运输环境的打印机包装方案分析

目的 研究打印机物流包装方案在运输过程中对打印机的防护性能。方法 对打印机整体包装件进行模拟公路运输路况的随机振动试验,得到产品的响应加速度谱密度曲线;然后建立打印机物流包装的三维模型,通过运用有限元软件Ansys Workbench中的随机振动分析模块（Random Vibration）对整体进行随机振动仿真分析,得到打印机的响应加速度谱密度、总位移、各向应力、等效应力等。结果 由仿真得到的响应加速度谱密度与试验结果相对比,其变化趋势一致,验证了仿真的可靠性,同时验证了该打印机包装方案具有良好的保护性能。结论 该打印机整体包装方案满足公路物流运输的防护要求,同时提供了一种物流运输包装方案的可靠性验证方法。     

月球表层土壤初级包装装置研究

目的为了给我国探月采样任务中月壤初级包装装置设计提供参考,对月球表层土壤初级包装装置的受力情况进行研究。方法在简述我国月球探测器组成的基础上,对月球表层土壤采集器所使用的月壤初级包装装置原理进行分析,并基于土力学原理揭示月壤初级包装筒内径与筒内月壤高度的关系。结果通过对月壤筒进行有限元仿真分析,得到了受压力作用时,月壤初级包装筒产生的最大应力为98 MPa,位移为0.02 mm,二者均出现在包装筒底部中心处。结论通过建立月壤在初级包装筒内的受压模型,揭示了筒内径与筒内高度的关系;通过仿真分析,指出了筒底部中心处产生的应力和位移最大,最大应力未超过月壤筒选用的硬铝合金屈服极限,而最大位移可由装配公差解决。     

运输包装随机振动疲劳曲线及加速振动试验技术EI北大核心CSCD

推导了运输包装三轴随机振动激励下产品上关注点的vonMises等效应力与激励加速度均方根值的关系,证明了关注点处材料应力疲劳曲线(σ⁃N曲线)和运输包装振动疲劳曲线(G_(rms)⁃T曲线)的等价性;针对两类工程上常用的Basquin型(幂函数型)和指数函数型损伤和疲劳模型,给出了其G_(rms)⁃T曲线形式,得到了基于G_(rms)⁃T曲线的运输包装加速随机振动时间压缩比,并通过产品模型有限元算例验证了其正确性。由于加速度易于分析和测量,因此基于G_(rms)⁃T曲线的运输包装加速随机振动试验技术具有潜在的应用价值和进一步研究发展空间。     

吊灯灯罩缓冲衬垫的随机振动仿真分析及实验验证

目的研究吊灯灯罩纤维模塑缓冲衬垫在随机振动激励下结构设计的合理性,及其对产品的保护性能。方法利用Ansys软件对吊灯灯罩纤维模塑缓冲衬垫包装件进行模态分析,获取包装件的固有频率和振型,将路面随机振动激励谱作用于纤维模塑缓冲衬垫包装件进行仿真分析,得到包装件的应力、应变云图和加速度功率谱密度响应曲线等,以此分析其结构设计的合理性以及对产品的保护性能,并进行实验验证。结果灯罩所受应力值远小于灯罩材料所能承受的最大屈服应力值(75 MPa),吊灯灯罩保存完好;有限元分析得到的结果与实测结果一致。结论纤维模塑缓冲垫结构设计合理,强度可满足保护产品的要求;利用有限元仿真分析解决纤维模塑缓冲包装制品的随机振动问题是可靠的,适用于动态环境下同类缓冲制品性能的研究,为缓冲包装产品性能预测、结构设计及优化提供有效分析手段。     

车载电池系统振动有限元分析

介绍随机振动的基本理论方法，针对新能源汽车-电动汽车最关键组成的电池系统结构，进行了结构方面的振动仿真。对实际汽车运行工况进行了模拟，采用随机振动对电池系统的应力集中及位移变形进行了有限元分析，在车载电池系统的设计阶段对其结构给出了仿真结果，为结构的改进提供了依据。     

基于SolidWorks的卡扣快装箱有限元分析

目的木制包装以其轻质高强的特性被广泛应用于大中型机电产品的外包装,且其材料符合绿色可持续包装的特点,为了避免在性能测试过程中浪费材料,采用有限元分析对其受力状态进行模拟。方法通过SolidWorks软件对1500 mm×800 mm×733 mm卡扣包装箱进行建模,在Simulation插件中进行静态力测试、跌落测试,并获得应力云图、应变云图、位移云图及相关数据。结果在对卡扣快装箱进行有限元分析后,得到了箱体应力、应变、位移云图及最大应力、应变发生点的坐标。结论卡扣箱的底板、托盘一体化可以降低卡扣箱底板产生的应力,在静态力作用下的最大应力发生点与跌落过程中的最大应力发生点位置不同。     

某新型导弹包装箱动力学特性分析

目的 研究某新型结构导弹包装箱的动力学特性。方法 利用有限元分析方法对导弹包装箱进行模态分析和随机振动分析。结果 得到了导弹包装箱的固有频率和振型,以及结构在随机载荷作用下的动力学响应结果,导弹包装箱的前6阶固有频率分布在13~44 Hz范围内,在随机载荷的作用下,导弹包装箱3个方向的最大应力分别为97.6,149.3,151.1 MPa。根据导弹包装箱的动响应结果确定了箱体在随机振动环境下的危险部位。结论 在路面随机载荷作用下,箱体的整体结构满足设计要求,为导弹包装系统的设计和校核提供了依据。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.