开闭裂纹挠性转子动特性研究

采用裂纹深度修正的非线性开闭裂纹模型 ,研究涡动影响下挠性裂纹转子的动力学行为。数值仿真表明 :裂纹深度与非线性响应之间有比较确定的关系。随着裂纹深度增加 ,裂纹转子会在 m/ n倍临界转速附近出现次谐波分叉现象和拟周期运动 ;在亚临界转速范围内 ,系统在 2 / 3倍临界转速处可通过倍周期分叉途径进入混沌状态 ;在超临界转速范围内 ,1、2倍临界转速的不稳定区不断扩大 ,非线性因素抑制作用使系统产生周期跳变、倍分叉和混沌等非线性力学行为 ;阻尼对系统响应有很大影响。     

汽轮机非线性间隙气流激振力作用下含裂纹转子的振动特性研究

建立了在汽轮机非线性间隙气流激振力作用下裂纹转子-轴承系统的动力学分析模型,并采用数值积分方法研究此类裂纹转子系统的分岔与混沌特性。利用Poincare截面和分岔图的变化分析汽轮机非线性间隙气流激振力和裂纹深度对系统振动响应特性的影响。分析结果表明：汽轮机非线性间隙气流激振力会使得系统的周期性运动状态提前,且混沌区域发生明显的减小;在浅裂纹时,汽轮机非线性间隙气流激振力对系统的响应起主导作用,且在超临界转速区域出现周期8运动;随着裂纹深度的增加,系统运动的混沌区域逐渐减小几乎消失,在超临界转速区域的逆周期运动演变为较长的周期3运动。研究结果可以作为含裂纹转子在汽轮机非线性间隙气流激振力作用下耦合故障发生的典型特征,也可作为此类耦合故障诊断的依据。     

含裂纹故障的航空发动机转子系统动力学特性分析

针对某含有呼吸裂纹故障的航空发动机高压转子系统,研究了系统的动力学特性。考虑裂纹转子的时变特性,推导了裂纹转子的刚度矩阵,考虑重力及不平衡激励,采用转子动力学有限元法建立了系统的动力学方程。采用谐波平衡法对方程进行近似求解,给出了不同裂纹深度下的三维幅频图,表明在临界转速和1/n(n=2,3,4)倍临界转速处均有峰值出现;分析了裂纹深度、裂纹位置对系统振动响应的影响,表明位于跨中的深裂纹影响最大;计算了系统在升速过程中的三维频谱图,结果表明二倍频、三倍频、四倍频成分明显。用Newmark-β数值方法验证了计算结果的正确性。提出的空心轴呼吸裂纹的建模方法为航空发动机转子系统裂纹故障的非线性动力学分析提供了理论指导。     

呼吸性裂纹转子的瞬态振动特性分析

旋转机械转子轴萌生裂纹后,瞬态加速过程中转涡差角时变使裂纹周期性开合,系统发生不同于稳态情况的振动。本文基于中性轴法确定裂纹开合,数值计算了呼吸裂纹引起刚度时变的转子过临界转速的瞬态振动,分析了裂纹大小、方向角和重力对线性加速转子瞬态振动的影响,以及定功率加速瞬态过程中系统振动响应及稳定性。结果发现,瞬态条件下带呼吸裂纹转子系统亚谐波共振并不明显;裂纹越大,过临界转速时瞬态振幅越大;在临界转速附近裂纹瞬时张开会激起很大的振动;定功率加速过程下,若功率不足够提供转子顺利穿过临界转速,则会出现外界扭矩与瞬态振动的能量耦合,大裂纹还可能造成瞬态振动发展成混沌。     

单跨双盘裂纹转子-轴承的动力学特性研究

在考虑裂纹的时变刚度和综合模型的基础上,采用有限元法建立了左侧为弹性支承、右侧为非线性油膜力支承的单跨双盘裂纹转子系统的动力学模型和两端均为弹性支承的裂纹转子系统模型,并利用4阶Runge-Kutta方法进行求解,研究裂纹位置、裂纹深度、转速和裂纹轴刚度变化量对转子系统动力学响应的影响,并对2个模型的动力学特性进行对比分析。研究结果表明:在转速、裂纹深度和裂纹轴刚度变化量相同的条件下,裂纹位于转子左侧轴段的振动总是比裂纹位于转子中间轴段的振动剧烈;当转速较小时,无论裂纹位于转子左侧还是中间轴段,系统的振动响应主要是由裂纹引起的,频谱图上会出现高频分量;当转速较高时,系统的振动响应主要是由偏心量引起的。研究结果可为系统故障诊断提供依据。     

开斜裂纹转子的动力特性

对于转子系统,转轴上斜裂纹的存在会产生与直裂纹不尽相同的动力特性,主要原因是斜裂纹和直裂纹会引起转子不同方向振动的耦合.用断裂力学中应力强度因子与应变能释放率间的关系推导了带有45°张开型斜裂纹转子的刚度;并进一步对有耦合刚度的运动方程用龙格-库塔法进行了数值分析,给出了裂纹深度、偏心量和转速对转子动力特性的影响.     

含裂纹平板的振动及裂纹扩展分析

针对含裂纹平板的振动与疲劳问题,研究含裂纹平板耦合动力学建模方法。首先在变形相似性原则下通过力学平衡原理推导出含裂纹项的平板振动方程,进而基于应力关系式形成裂纹项的表达式。在此基础上,利用Galerkin法将含裂纹板简化成单自由度振动系统,根据Berger经验方法产生方程的非线性项构建含裂纹板的非线性振动模型。最后通过算例探讨含裂纹板的动力学特性,协同Paris方程研究含裂纹平板动力学与裂纹扩展的耦合行为。研究结论表明,阻尼大小和激励力的变化对含裂纹板的振动特性及裂纹扩展规律具有显著影响。所提出的含裂纹平板耦合动力学建模方法,考虑了振动与裂纹扩展的耦合效应,为飞行器板结构抗振动疲劳设计提供理论依据。     

轴承摩擦力作用下弹性支承轴系自激振动特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

以重力式水洞中的弹性支承轴系为研究对象,研究其在水润滑橡胶轴承摩擦力作用下的自激振动特性及其机理。实验结果表明,系统于某一确定转速产生自激振动,并随转速下降维持不变直到一个较低转速由于驱动力不足而消失,各个转速下的自激振动均表现为转速调制下的单阶模态失稳。为了研究自激振动机理,建立了弹性支承轴系动力学模型。在建模时,将轴系分为弹性支承和转轴两个子结构,分别获取固有振动频率和模态振型,建立在轴承界面摩擦力作用下的支承-转轴耦合动力学模型,并采用模态叠加法对模型进行降阶处理。采用四阶Runge-Kutta方法求解动力学方程,分析主要物理参数对系统的影响。分析结果表明,失稳模态为支承的小阻尼扭转振动模态,支承振动与轴承摩擦耦合作用是系统失稳的主要原因。     

带横向裂纹的拉杆转子非线性动力学特性研究

以拉杆转子为对象,对具有横向裂纹的拉杆转子非线性动力学响应特性进行研究。基于达朗贝尔原理建立考虑轮盘之间非线性接触特性的裂纹拉杆转子系统运动方程。采用数值积分方法对运动方程进行求解,得到轮盘振幅随转速变化的曲线。分析裂纹刚度减小量、轮盘质量偏心矢量夹角、接触面阻尼系数、裂纹角等系统参数对轮盘幅频特性的影响。同整体转子相比,裂纹拉杆转子除在1/2阶、1/3阶临界转速附近发生1/2阶、1/3阶亚谐共振外,在超临界转速区域存在超谐共振。系统参数对裂纹拉杆转子幅频特性曲线影响较大。分析结果可为认识裂纹转子系统的响应特性、开展裂纹转子的故障诊断提供理论指导。     

基础振动作用下转子‑轴承‑密封系统动力学分析

针对受不平衡质量、轴承油膜、密封流体及基础振动多激励共同作用的转子系统,采用Lagrange 法建立其动力学模型,以Runge?Kutta 法求解系统非线性状态方程,绘制频谱图、分岔图和轴心轨迹来分析系统的动力学特性,并引入振动烈度评估转子的振动水平。对比分析了基础振动对转子系统的非线性动力学特性及失稳转速的影响,并研究了基础振动的形式、频率及幅值对系统动力学特性的影响。结果表明,基础振动使得系统稳定性降低,其对转子系统动力学响应的影响具有明确的方向性。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.