纳米CaCO3对通用塑料增韧增强的研究进展

介绍了聚合物基纳米复合材料近年来的发展状况和一些主要的性能、特点,概括了用熔融共混的方法制备的聚合物复合材料的性能和增韧增强机理,对聚合物基纳米复合材料今后的发展提出了一些自己的见解.     

晶须增强增韧聚合物基复合材料机理研究进展

简介了晶须增强增韧聚合物基复合材料研究的现状;并较全面地介绍了各种增强增韧机理,主要包括:裂纹桥接、裂纹偏转、拔出效应等机理。晶须增强增韧聚合物基复合材料主要表现在:(1)晶须导致基体局部应力状态改变;(2)晶须对基体结晶行为产生影响。文中还简要介绍了在实验过程中影响聚合物基晶须复合材料性能的几个重要的因素,如与界面相关的一系列因素和晶须在基体中含量、晶须在基体中的分散程度、晶须长径比以及在基体中的排列方向等。     

玻璃纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的增韧

聚合物基复合材料的增韧一直是高分子材料领域研究的热点之一．文中从乙烯基酯树脂基体增韧、乙烯基酯树脂／玻璃纤堆界面改性及增强材料结构和形式的优化三个方面对玻璃纤堆增强乙蜂基酯树脂复合材料的增韧进行了综述,介绍了各种增韧方法的机理和增韧效果,对这些增韧方法进行了评述．并分析了今后的发展方向．     

聚酰亚胺基纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚合物基纳米复合材料具有许多不同于常规复合材料的特性,如同步增韧增强、高强度、高模量、光电转换、高效催化等特性,因此是纳米复合材料研究领域的一个重要方面。主要介绍了聚酰亚胺(PI)基无机纳米复合材料的研究现状,阐述了不同纳米增强物质,如碳纳米管、氧化铝(Al2O3)、氧化镁(MgO)、二氧化钛(TiO2)和二氧化硅(SiO2)等5种无机纳米粒子自身的表面改性方法和他们对PI的改性机理。同时,综述了聚酰亚胺基纳米复合材料的有关性质及应用。     

纤维增强热固性聚合物基复合材料层间增韧研究进展

综述了纤维增强热固性聚合物基复合材料（PMC）层间增韧的最新研究进展。热固性复合材料由于基体树脂高的交联密度而呈脆性,表现出低的冲击损伤阻抗和损伤容限特征。柔性聚合物层间增韧是改善聚合物基复合材料层间断裂韧性和抗冲击性的有效手段,且不会降低热固性树脂的热性能和高模量。目前有3种层间增韧方法：颗粒增韧、聚合物纤维增韧和薄膜增韧。讨论了3种方法的概念、实施方案、增韧机理及研究成果。最后重点阐述了创新性的复合材料“离位”增韧思想,介绍了具有全部自主知识产权的“离位”复合材料高性能化技术体系,包括预浸料和液态成型两大复合材料产品系列。     

聚合物/热塑性弹性体/纳米无机粒子三元复合材料的增韧增强研究进展

介绍了聚合物/热塑性弹性体/纳米无机粒子三元复合材料的形态结构及增韧机理,分析了热塑性弹性体、纳米无机粒子、加工工艺、界面性能4个方面对聚合物/热塑性弹性体/纳米无机粒子三元复合材料形态和性能的影响。热塑性弹性体和纳米无机粒子对聚合物有协同增韧增强作用,加料顺序是形态结构的最主要影响因素,聚合物的力学性能非常依赖热塑性弹性体和纳米无机粒子在聚合物中的存在形态。最后,展望了该体系未来的研究方向。     

高性能环氧树脂基复合材料的研究进展

环氧树脂具有优异的力学性能、耐腐蚀、易加工等特点,应用领域非常广阔,但其具有较大的脆性、较弱的耐冲击性等缺点,限制了其进一步的发展。近年来,高性能环氧树脂基复合材料成为了学者们的热点研究课题。本文从环氧树脂的增韧、耐热、增强三个方面对高性能环氧树脂基复合材料的现状进行了阐述,其中增韧方面重点介绍了橡胶增韧、热塑性树脂增韧、超支化聚合物增韧、含柔性链段固化剂增韧、互穿网络聚合物增韧、纳米填料增韧、热致液晶聚合物增韧等方法;耐热方面重点介绍了增加基材官能度、引入耐热刚性基团、有机硅改性、POSS改性等方法;增强方面重点介绍了碳纤维增强、玻璃纤维增强、碳纳米管增强、其他纤维增强等方法。最后对目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

增强增韧聚合物基复合材料宏细观应力集中的分析与研究

利用均匀化方法与有限元法相结合,对增强增韧聚合物基复合材料宏观应力集中位置的细观应力集中进行了数值分析与模拟,得到了改性体的材料性能从柔性到刚性、且具有不同体积组份时复合材料的细观应力场,并显示了沿改性体圆弧界面的法向应力、环向应力、剪切应力和Mises应力集中系数的分布规律,定性分析了增强增韧聚合物基复合材料的破坏形式。     

插层法制备聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料及其应用进展

概述了聚合物／粘土纳米复合材料插层制备的新进展，根据插层机理和方法的差别，将插层法分为三类：（1）单体插层复合；（2）溶液中聚合物插层复合；（3）熔融聚合物插层复合。重点提出了利用双螺杆挤出机制备聚合物基纳米复合材料的新方法，展望了聚合物／粘土纳米复合材料的开发及其应用前景。     

插层复合法制备聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料研究进展

本文对聚合物／粘土纳米复合材料的合成、结构、性能和增强机理进行了评述。粘土经有机化处理和聚合物复合后的材料显示出与众不同的性能,它的硬度、力学强度、阻隔性能、热稳定性能和阻燃性能有显著改善,聚合物／粘土纳米复合材料有着广泛的应用前景。     

Micromechanics modeling of the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT)–polymer nanocomposites

A mixed micromechanics model was developed to predict the overall electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT)–polymer nanocomposites. Two electrical conductivity mechanisms, electron hopping and conductive networks, were incorporated into the model by introducing an interphase layer and considering the effective aspect ratio of CNTs. It was found that the modeling results agree well with the experimental data for both single-wall carbon nanotube and multi-wall carbon nanotube based nanocomposites. Simulation results suggest that both electron hopping and conductive networks contribute to the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites, while conductive networks become dominant as CNT volume fraction increases. It was also indicated that the sizes of CNTs have significant effects on the percolation threshold and the overall electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. This developed model is expected to provide a more accurate prediction on the electrical conductivity of CNT–polymer nanocomposites and useful guidelines for the design and optimization of conductive polymer nanocomposites.     

Effect of organoclay addition on the two-body abrasive wear characteristics of polyamide 6 nanocomposites

Polymer clay nanocomposites (PCN) exhibit improved mechanical properties due to nanolevel dispersion of clay in the polymer matrix. They also exhibit good tribological performance under dry sliding conditions. Abrasive wear behaviour of these materials would be different from dry sliding behaviour as the mechanisms of the both are entirely different. Hence the abrasive wear behaviour of these materials needs to be investigated. The abrasive wear characteristics of polyamide 6 nanocomposites, with 1, 3 and 5% (wt.) clay prepared by melt intercalation technique, under two-body abrasive wear conditions have been reported. Abrasive wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer containing an abrasive counterface. All the polyamide nanocomposites investigated exhibited a low abrasive wear resistance compared with pristine Nylon. The wear performance of the nanocomposites was correlated with the mechanical properties. Dominant ploughing and cutting wear were observed in polymer clay nanocomposites. The amount of clay present alters the wear mechanism.     

Intercalation/Exfoliation mechanism of hybrid formation in polypropylene/lamellar mesostructured silica nanocomposites

Understanding the optimal processing conditions for the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites is of fundamental importance in designing materials with balance of properties. To understand these conditions in the case of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA)/layered mesostructured silica (LMS) nanocomposites, the effect of temperature, shear rate, and residence time during processing on the structure of the nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that the combination of temperature, residence time, and mechanical shears have strong effect on the structure of the nanocomposites, rather than just interfacial interactions between the polymer matrix and silicate layers. However, interfacial interactions between the polymer matrix and silicate layers primarily play an important role to the intercalation of polymer chains into the silicate galleries. On the basis of our experimental results, a first explanation of the formulation mechanism of PP-g-MA/LMS nanocomposites is proposed. Finally, a general concept of processing conditions for manufacturing of polymer nanocomposites by melt-compounding process in a batch-mixer is described.     

Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites

More than 10 years have passed since carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been found during observations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Since then, one of the major applications of the CNT is the reinforcements of plastics in processing composite materials, because it was found by experiments that CNT possessed splendid mechanical properties. Various experimental methods are conducted in order to understand the mechanical properties of varieties of CNT and CNT-based composite materials. The systematized data of the past research results of CNT and their nanocomposites are extremely useful to improve processing and design criteria for new nanocomposites in further studies. Before the CNT observations, vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCF) were already utilized for composite applications, although there have been only few experimental data about the mechanical properties of VGCF. The structure of VGCF is similar to that of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and the major benefit of VGCF is less commercial price. Therefore, this review article overviews the experimental results regarding the various mechanical properties of CNT, VGCF, and their polymer nanocomposites. The experimental methods and results to measure the elastic modulus and strength of CNT and VGCF are first discussed in this article. Secondly, the different surface chemical modifications for CNT and VGCF are reviewed, because the surface chemical modifications play an important role for polymer nanocomposite processing and properties. Thirdly, fracture and fatigue properties of CNT/polymer nanocomposites are reviewed, since these properties are important, especially when these new nanocomposite materials are applied for structural applications.     

Dramatic improvements in toughness in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanocomposites

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, is dramatically toughened by adding small amounts of surface modified clay nanoparticles. The elongation during tensile tests increases from 7% for the pure polymer to 210% for the nanocomposite, accompanied with a modest increase in modulus. In contrast, PLG nanocomposites based on fumed silica treated with hexamethyldisilazane show only modest improvements in toughness. Electron microscopy, X-ray scattering, rheometry, and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy are used to investigate the toughening mechanism. Multiple crazing occurs in the clay nanocomposite after yielding. Small angle X-ray scattering studies show significant orientation of the clay nanoparticles along the tensile stress direction during deformation. The clay nanocomposites show a new, slow relaxation mode, most likely due to interfacial adsorbption of PLG chains on the surface of the clay nanoparticles. The dramatic increase in toughness is attributed to physical crosslinks introduced by the clay nanoparticles, a mechanism absent in the PLG/silica nanocomposites. The physical crosslinks increase the brittle fracture strength of the polymer and, consequently, trigger a toughening mechanism via multiple crazing and shear yielding.     

Nanocomposites

Nanocrystalline metals having sizes of the order of a few nanometres dispersed in an oxide glass matrix have been discussed in this review. The various physical and chemical routes developed so far for synthesizing such materials have been described. The different physical properties, especially optical, electrical and magnetic behaviour of these nanocomposites have been delineated. The physical mechanisms which give rise to these characteristics are discussed.     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料阻燃性研究进展

根据层状硅酸盐(黏土)可增强聚合物纳米复合材料阻燃性能的研究进展,本文综述了聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法,指出熔融插层是一种高效可行、环境友好的制备方法;从硅酸盐在纳米复合材料中产生的阻碍效应、自由基诱导效应,网状结构三个方面详细讨论了层状硅酸盐在纳米复合材料中的阻燃机理;最后,指出目前聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料在阻燃研究中尚存在的问题,并对其开发应用前景进行了展望。     

聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了聚合物基石墨烯及改性石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究进展.添加少量的石墨烯就可以显著提聚合物材料的各方面性能,因此,近年来石墨烯得到了学术界和工业界的高度关注,石墨烯、氧化石墨烯的改性,以及聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料被广泛研究.通过广泛的文献阅读对聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料的结构、制备方法以及性能进行了深入探讨.     

Effect of cycling on the magnetization of ion exchanged magnetic nanocomposite based on polystyrene

Magnetic nanocomposites containing iron oxide particles embedded in a polymer matrix have been synthesized using the method of ion exchange. They have been characterized by using low temperature and room temperature magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The iron content in these samples has also been determined. The results have been analysed and explained. The physical and chemical properties of these nanocomposite materials are different from those of the bulk. Some of the unique properties of these materials find application in information storage, color imaging, ferrofluids and magnetic refrigeration.     

阻燃型聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究

使用阻燃剂可避免火灾中聚合物燃烧所带来的危害,但常用阻燃剂存在阻燃效率低,燃烧时烟雾大,或对复合材料的力学性能产生不良影响等缺点。纳米阻燃剂具有高效、多功能、低烟、低毒、环保、填充量低等独特的优势,大大促进了阻燃型聚合物基复合材料的广泛应用,是阻燃剂材料的重点发展发展方向之一。一般来说,阻燃型纳米复合材料不但具有阻燃性,而且因纳米效应、纳米复合效应而具有优异的力学性能、热性能以及电性能等。本文综述了阻燃型聚合物基复合材料的最新研究进展。